2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)學(xué)與練專(zhuān)題14閱讀理解(講)

1、 專(zhuān)題14閱讀理解高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱明確規(guī)定 惻重提高閱讀能力”，這為我們的備考指明了方向。 分析近幾年的高考英語(yǔ) 試題，我們不難看出，閱讀理解是高考試題中難度最大，區(qū)分度最高的題型，自始至終占據(jù)著主導(dǎo)地位。閱讀理解能力屬于語(yǔ)言的領(lǐng)會(huì)技能，它不僅考查對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的整體把握能力，而且考查快速捕捉信息、準(zhǔn)確理 解特定細(xì)節(jié)以及復(fù)雜句子的能力。不僅要準(zhǔn)確理解文章表層的意思，還要通過(guò)表層去推理、判斷。除此之 外，還涉及非語(yǔ)言因素，如：對(duì)所學(xué)語(yǔ)言國(guó)家的社會(huì)和文化背景知識(shí)的掌握、生活常識(shí)、邏輯知識(shí)和語(yǔ)言 修養(yǎng)等。重點(diǎn)知識(shí)梳理I .閱讀理解題策略一、先看題干，帶著問(wèn)題讀文章。即先看試題，再讀文章。閱讀題干，首先要掌握

2、問(wèn)題的類(lèi)型，分清是客觀信息題還是主觀判斷題。其 次，了解試題題干以及各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所包含的信息，然后有針對(duì)性地對(duì)文章進(jìn)行掃讀，對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定 位，再將相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合、甄別、分析、對(duì)比，有根有據(jù)地排除干擾項(xiàng)，選出正確答案。二、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。近幾年的高考閱讀速度大約是每分鐘40詞左右。必須在十分有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時(shí)空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn)，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語(yǔ)篇實(shí)質(zhì)。速讀全文對(duì)于主旨大意題的解決尤其有效，能快速抓住主干，確定好答案。三、詳讀細(xì)節(jié)，理順?biāo)悸放c文章脈絡(luò)。文章絕不是互不相干的句子的堆砌。作者為文，有脈可循。如記敘文多以人

3、物為中心，以時(shí)間或空間 為線(xiàn)索，按事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、結(jié)局展開(kāi)故事；議論文則包含論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論三大要素，通過(guò)解釋、舉 例來(lái)闡述觀點(diǎn)。四、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。深層理解主要包括歸納概括題 （中心思想，加標(biāo)題等）和推理判斷題，是閱讀理解中的難點(diǎn)。深層理解是 一種創(chuàng)造性的思維活動(dòng)。它必須忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線(xiàn)索為依據(jù)，立足已知推斷未知，不能 憑空想像，隨意揣測(cè)；讀者要對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問(wèn)中常用的詞有：conclude, infer, imply, suggest, indicate等。五、猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。猜詞是應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)

4、閱讀的重要能力，也是高考中常用的題型。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會(huì)順藤摸瓜”，通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法，語(yǔ)法，定義，同位語(yǔ)，對(duì)比，因果，常識(shí)，上下文等線(xiàn)索確定詞義。n .閱讀理解常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題及原因分析問(wèn)題一：已經(jīng)找對(duì)了題干與原文對(duì)應(yīng)處，為何還做錯(cuò)？原因：精確定位：要看清真正的問(wèn)題，即用信息詞定位之后，要看清句子邏輯關(guān)系，弄清意思。學(xué)會(huì)看選項(xiàng)的方法：a.找最貼近原文意思的選項(xiàng)；b.去除選項(xiàng)間的相同信息，專(zhuān)門(mén)關(guān)注區(qū)別點(diǎn)；c.分清褒貶；d.分清程度大小，強(qiáng)烈關(guān)注選項(xiàng)中表內(nèi)容的單詞；e.看清范圍，分清是整體還是局部。高頻考點(diǎn)突破高頻考點(diǎn)一正確選項(xiàng)特征在閱讀理

5、解的備考過(guò)程中，明確閱讀理解常設(shè)選項(xiàng)的特征是快速準(zhǔn)確鎖定答案的關(guān)鍵。高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的正確選項(xiàng)一般通過(guò)以下途徑設(shè)置：關(guān)鍵詞直接復(fù)現(xiàn)：直接復(fù)現(xiàn)類(lèi)可從問(wèn)題中找到關(guān)鍵詞，以此為線(xiàn)索，運(yùn)用略讀及查閱的技巧迅速定位 即可。此類(lèi)題目較為簡(jiǎn)單，考查頻率不高。對(duì)原文關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換、正話(huà)反說(shuō)和細(xì)節(jié)概括：此類(lèi)題目需對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確理解并簡(jiǎn)單推理，觀察詞義、詞性及語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。這是命題人常用的設(shè)題方式，復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)掌握英語(yǔ)的多種表達(dá)法。一、同義轉(zhuǎn)述從近幾年的高考題來(lái)看，細(xì)節(jié)理解題不僅數(shù)量有所增加，而且難度也稍有加大，主要表現(xiàn)為題目信息與原文信息表達(dá)方式不一致。命題人一般會(huì)對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)加以轉(zhuǎn)述來(lái)考查考生準(zhǔn)確理解細(xì)節(jié)的能

6、力。轉(zhuǎn)述的 主要方式有以下三種：.同義詞轉(zhuǎn)化：把原文中的一些詞換成意義相近的詞，設(shè)為正確選項(xiàng)。.詞性或語(yǔ)態(tài)等的變化：把原文中的詞變換一下詞性，或者改變?cè)木渥拥恼Z(yǔ)態(tài)，用另一種表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)述 原文信息。.語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)化概括：把原文中的復(fù)雜語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化或概括成為正確答案。例 1.（2019 全國(guó)卷 I ）In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word“touch four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the

7、 device could be used to recognize differentparticipants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near

8、future.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?It ll be environment-friendly.It ll reach consumers soon.It ll be made of plastics.It ll help speed up typing.【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)上段中的最后一句The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.可知， ”該研究團(tuán)隊(duì)希望在不久的將來(lái)將智能鍵盤(pán)推向市場(chǎng)，故選 Bo二、正話(huà)反說(shuō)正話(huà)反說(shuō)是閱讀理解題目

9、中的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，通常有以下幾個(gè)高頻考向：. It looks/sounds like/as if類(lèi)：表示看/聽(tīng)起來(lái)好像是，實(shí)際上并不是。.虛擬語(yǔ)氣句：用虛擬語(yǔ)氣來(lái)表述與事實(shí)相反的情況，讓讀者推斷事實(shí)內(nèi)容。.讓步論述：先假設(shè)作者的觀點(diǎn)反面成立，從而引出一系列荒謬的、不合理的結(jié)果，倒過(guò)來(lái)證明作者觀點(diǎn)的正確性。.反問(wèn)句。例 2.(2019 4匕京卷)The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up callsfrom numbers they don t know. By next yea

10、r, half of the calls we receive will be sc0ms(). We are finallywaking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approachesintended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it s too little, too late. By the time the?“solutions 解決方案 )beco

11、me widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the nearfuture, it s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you re hearing is actually real.How does the author feel about the solutions to the p

12、roblem of robocalls?A. Panicked.B. Confused.C. Embarrassed.D . Disappointed.【答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)上段中的By the time thesesolutions方案)become widely available,scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.可知，等到這些 解決方案“被廣泛使用時(shí)，不法分子就會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向 更聰明的手段；由此可推知作者對(duì)自動(dòng)語(yǔ)音電話(huà)問(wèn)題的解決方案感到很失望，D項(xiàng)意為 失望的，故選D。3.理解概括閱讀理解除了考查考生對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)信息的準(zhǔn)確理解外，還

13、要求考生通過(guò)思維分析將信息進(jìn)行歸納概括，使之系統(tǒng)化、條理化。例 3.（2019 浙江卷）California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor（因素）.The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square mi

14、les of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern Californi

15、a the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small

16、 trees that compete with big trees for resources（ 資源）.But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcuttin

17、g or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things

18、 as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt（ 融雪）.Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supp

19、ly available to trees during the dry season.What can be a suitable title for the text?California s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California SoonWhy Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in Califor

20、nia【答案】A【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)全文可知，文章主要講述了美國(guó)加州森林中大樹(shù)數(shù)量急劇下降的現(xiàn)象，并 分析了其原因。因此 A項(xiàng)能很好地概括全文。故選 Ao高頻考點(diǎn)二干擾項(xiàng)特征高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)就是命題人用以干擾考生思維的陷阱。高考英語(yǔ)中，由于詞匯量的限制,挑選的文章不能過(guò)難。命題人就在問(wèn)題和干擾項(xiàng)上做文章，使考生即使能基本讀懂文章，也不能輕松做對(duì) 題目?，F(xiàn)在的干擾項(xiàng)不僅語(yǔ)言復(fù)雜，而且欺騙性強(qiáng)，兩個(gè)語(yǔ)言水平相當(dāng)、對(duì)文章理解程度相差不大的考生 會(huì)因?yàn)閷?duì)干擾項(xiàng)的辨別能力不同，而影響答題的準(zhǔn)確率。為了提高辨別錯(cuò)誤和干擾信息的能力，有必要分 析干擾項(xiàng)的種種特征，使考生在命題人設(shè)置的種種陷阱前

21、，做到胸有成竹。一、偷梁換柱干擾項(xiàng)用了與文章中某一句話(huà)相似的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和單詞，卻在考生易忽視的地方換了幾個(gè)單詞，造成句 意的改變。例 1.（2019 全國(guó)卷 I D片段）During the rosy years of elementary school（小學(xué)），I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls an

22、d cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A. Unkind.B. Lonely.C. Generous.D . Cool.【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)上段的第一句Dur

23、ing the rosy years of elementary school（小學(xué)）,I enjoyedsharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. 可知，作者在小學(xué)時(shí)樂(lè)于分享。 unkind不友好的，lonely孤獨(dú)的，generous慷慨的，大方的，cool酷的，故選C。二、張冠李戴干擾項(xiàng)表述的內(nèi)容在原文里可以找到信息依據(jù)，但與題干所問(wèn)的動(dòng)作發(fā)出者不一致。不注意動(dòng)作主語(yǔ)的差異，張冠李戴，極易造成誤選。例2.（2019全國(guó)卷出）The AudienceHelen Mirren star

24、s in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth n of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb.14.（Schoenfeld, 236 W . 45th St.212-239-6200.）Who is the director

25、of The Audience?A. Helen Mirren.B . Peter Morgan.C. Dylan Baker.D . Stephen Daldry.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干問(wèn)的是 誰(shuí)執(zhí)導(dǎo)了 The Audience?。根據(jù)該部分中的“Stephen Daldry directs.可知答案。三、絕對(duì)化表達(dá)干擾項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)如 all, none, everyone, each, everything, impossible 等絕對(duì)化的表達(dá)，一般不符合客觀事實(shí)和原文信息。例 3.（2019 江蘇卷）Even more worryingly, the fascination w

26、ith the internet by people in rich countries hasmoved the international community to worry about the“ digital divide between the rich countries and thcountries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and internet facilities. The quest

27、ion, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networksand making more affordable washing machines would have improved people s lives more than giving every chlaptop com

28、puter or setting up internet centres in rural villages. I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.The example in Paragr

29、aph 4 suggests that donators should.take people s essential needs into accountmake their programmes attractive to peopleensure that each child gets financial supportprovide more affordable internet facilities【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)上段中的The question however, is whether this is what the developing countriesn

30、eed the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and.in rural villages.可知，作者想通過(guò)事例說(shuō)明捐贈(zèng)者應(yīng)該考慮人們的基本需求，而不要片面地 認(rèn)為有了高科技產(chǎn)品，受贈(zèng)者的生活水平就會(huì)產(chǎn)生巨大飛躍。故選 Ao四、顛倒邏輯干擾項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)義邏輯的混亂，即原文中出現(xiàn)的是 A引起B(yǎng),而選項(xiàng)中是B引起A,考生可能看到了文中出現(xiàn)過(guò)的詞語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有細(xì)研究其邏輯意義，從而造成誤選。例 4.（2019 江

31、蘇卷）It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people s opinions.However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to .a lack of confidence in technologya slow progress in technologya con

32、flict or public opinionsa waste of limited resources【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)上段中的However they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use ofscarce resources.可知：對(duì)新技術(shù)影響的誤判導(dǎo)致了對(duì)稀缺資源的誤用，故選 D?！靖呖碱}型解讀】題型一、主旨大意題.主旨大意題常分為兩類(lèi)：（1）選出文章最佳標(biāo)題；（2）概括文章或段落大意。.主旨大意題主要考查對(duì)文章進(jìn)行概括或總結(jié)的能力，它要求在閱讀短文時(shí)，能夠提煉文章的中心思 想，體會(huì)作者的寫(xiě)作意圖，充分運(yùn)用

33、邏輯概括能力，透過(guò)字里行間獲取文章最具代表性的觀點(diǎn)、論點(diǎn)及作 者的情感傾向。研讀近幾年高考閱讀理解，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)主旨大意類(lèi)的考查占有相當(dāng)重要的地位?！痉椒记伞恐髦即笠忸}的三種思路：尋找主題句，確定文章大意。在許多情況下，尤其是在閱讀說(shuō)明文和議論文時(shí)，根據(jù)其篇章特點(diǎn)我 們可以通過(guò)尋找短文的主題句來(lái)歸納出文章的主題。主題句在文章中的位置通常有三種情況：開(kāi)頭、中間、結(jié)尾（或在開(kāi)頭結(jié)尾同時(shí)出現(xiàn)首尾呼應(yīng)的主題句），因此，仔細(xì)閱讀這類(lèi)文章或段落的首尾句是關(guān)鍵。做主旨概括類(lèi)試題多采用瀏覽法，即瀏覽文章的首段和 尾段的首句或尾句或每段的首句或尾句，重點(diǎn)搜索主題信息。抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。尋找整篇文章的中

34、心思想的方法是建立在尋找各段落中心句的基礎(chǔ) 上。各段落中心句的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，不能僅依據(jù)只言片語(yǔ)或某一段落，而 應(yīng)該觀察全文的結(jié)構(gòu)安排，理解文章濃墨重筆的重心”，考慮文章的材料及支撐性細(xì)節(jié)是服務(wù)于什么，分析故事情節(jié)圍繞什么發(fā)展，最后用簡(jiǎn)明扼要的文字將文章的中心思想表達(dá)出來(lái)。抓住文章主線(xiàn)和關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，歸納文章中心。不是所有的段落都有主題句，有時(shí)主題句隱含在段落中。閱讀這樣的文章，就需要自己根據(jù)文章的細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)分析，繼而概括出段落的主題，推導(dǎo)出文章的主旨。分析 的方法是，先弄清該段落主要講了哪幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容，這些內(nèi)容在邏輯上有什么聯(lián)系，然后加以歸納形成 主題。例 1、（2019

35、 江蘇卷 D）The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found suffering from early Alzheimer阿爾茲海 s（默癥）.He was losing his memory.A software engineer by profession, Steve was a keen lover of the piano, and the only musician in his family.Music was his true passion, though he had never performed outside the family.Me

36、lissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep each night when she was young. She thought about hiring a professional pianist to work with her father.Naomi, Melissa s best friend and a talented pianist, got to know about this and showed willingness to h

37、elp.“Why do this1 Steve wondered.“Because she cares Melissa said.Steve nodded, tears in eye.Naomi drove to the Goodwin home. She told Steve she d love to hear him play. Steve moved to the piano an(sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the keys.Naomi put a small recorde

38、r near the piano. Starts and stops and mistakes. Long pauses, heart sinking. ButSteve pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger.“It was beautiful Naomi said after listening to the recording.The music was worth saving. ”Her responsibility, her privilege, would be to rescue it.

39、 The music was sill in Steve Goodwin. It was hidden in rooms with doors about to be locked.Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together. He d move his fingers clumsily on theand then she d take his place. He struggled to explain what he heard in his head.He stood by the piano, eyes

40、closed,listening for the first time to his own work being played by someone else.Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code: lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new key. Steve heard it. All of it. He just couldn t play it.Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve. It had excit

41、ed within him the belief he could write one last song.One day, Naomi received an email. Attached was a recording, a recording of loss and love, of the fight. Steve called it “ Melancholy Flower. ”Naomi heard multiple stops and starts. Steve struggling, searching while his wife Joni called him encour

42、aged him. The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting. Joni praised him, telling her husband this could be his signature piece.Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steve s favorite, and most personal, songs. With Naomi sGoodwin family found a sound engineer to record Naomi pl

43、aying Steve s songs. Joni thought that would be tBut it wasn t.In the months leading up to the 2016 Oregon Repertory Singers Christmas concert, Naomi told the director she had a special one in mind: Melancholy Flower. ”She told the director about her project with Steve. The director agreed to add it

44、 to the playing list. But Naomi would have to ask Steve s permission. He considered it an honor.After the concert, Naomi told the family that Steve s music was beautiful and professional. It needed to bshared in public.The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert. B

45、y the day of the show, more than 300 people had said they would attend.By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering the names of some of his friends. He knew the path his life was now taking. He told his family he was at peace.Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded by his family. Th

46、e house lights faded. Naomi took the stage.Her fingers. His heart.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，敘述了Steve在家人、朋友的幫助下與病魔賽跑及眾人努力拯救可能失傳的 獨(dú)家音樂(lè)”的感人故事。Why did Melissa want to save her father s music?His music could stop his disease from worsening.She wanted to please her dying old father.His music deserved to be preserved

47、 in the family.She wanted to make her father a professional.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段可知，父親Steve是一位鋼琴愛(ài)好者，是家里唯一位音樂(lè)家， 再根據(jù)第三段中的felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep eachnight when she was young可知；父親 Steve的音樂(lè)陪伴了 Melissa的成長(zhǎng)，因此 Melissa覺(jué)得它對(duì)于這個(gè)家 庭來(lái)說(shuō)有著特別的意義，值得被保存，故本題答案為CoAfter

48、hearing Steve s playing, Naomi refused to make a comment on itwas deeply impressed by his musicdecided to free Steve from sufferingregretted offering help to her friend【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第十段It was beautiful Naomi said after listening to therecording. The music was worth savings知，聽(tīng)完他的演奏之后，Naomi對(duì)他的音樂(lè)很是贊

49、賞，故本題答案為BoHow can the process of Steve s recording be described?It was slow but productive.It was beneficial to his health.It was tiresome for Naomi.It was vital for Naomi s career.【答案】A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第十二段中的Naomi and Steve met every other week and spenthours together. He d move his fingers clumsily on

50、the piano, and then she及第 dHOkehs帆ace.“Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve. It had excited within him the belief he could write one last song. 可 知，音樂(lè)的錄制過(guò)程緩慢，但是有成效，故本題答案為AoBefore Steve finished“ Melancholy, Ffowhis wife Jonithought the music talent of Steve was exhausteddidn t expect the damage

51、the disease brought aboutdidn t fully realize the value of her husband s musicbrought her husband s music career to perfection【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第十五段中的Steve struggling, searching while his wife Joni calledhim honey and encouraged him.The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitti

52、ng. Joni praised him, telling her husband this could be his signature piece. 可知，在 Steve 進(jìn)行音樂(lè)創(chuàng)作時(shí)，他泄氣過(guò)， 甚至說(shuō)過(guò)要放棄，而他的妻子Joni仍然鼓勵(lì)他和表?yè)P(yáng)他，并稱(chēng)這會(huì)是他的簽名之作。由signature一般表示“京件結(jié)尾的）簽名”可推知，Joni認(rèn)為這會(huì)是她丈夫最后的創(chuàng)作，她之前并沒(méi)有想到丈夫的音樂(lè)會(huì)有被公 開(kāi)演奏的一天。再結(jié)合下文中Steve的音樂(lè)在音樂(lè)會(huì)上被演奏并得到認(rèn)可及其對(duì)Steve的影響的內(nèi)容可知，Joni之前并沒(méi)有完全認(rèn)識(shí)到Steve的音樂(lè)的價(jià)值或其積極作用。故本題答案為C。How

53、did Steve feel at the concert held in downtown Portland?He felt concerned about his illness.He sensed a responsibility for music.He regained his faith in music.He got into a state of quiet.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后兩段的內(nèi)容尤其是倒數(shù)第二段中的“He told his family hewas at peace.可知，在音樂(lè)會(huì)上，他心情很平靜。故本題答案為D。What can be a su

54、itable title for the passage?The Kindness of FriendsThe Power of MusicThe Making of a MusicianThe Value of Determination【答案】B【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。音樂(lè)讓Steve在家人、朋友的幫助下展開(kāi)了一場(chǎng)與病魔賽跑的接力賽，因此The Power of Music適合作文章的標(biāo)題。題型二、細(xì)節(jié)理解題.此類(lèi)題型一般分兩種情況；直接事實(shí)題（在原文中可直接找到答案，常見(jiàn)的類(lèi)型有對(duì)號(hào)入座題、是非判斷題、語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)換題、表格理解題等）以及間接事實(shí)題（需要將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語(yǔ)意上的轉(zhuǎn)換）。

55、.細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行理解。有些問(wèn)題，考生可以直接從文 中找到明確的答案，但有些則需要在理解的基礎(chǔ)上將有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行處理，如計(jì)算、排序、判斷、比較等?！炯记蓺w納】做事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題最基本也最常用的方法是題干定位法。一般在原文中找到相關(guān)的句子，然后進(jìn)行比較和 分析，便可確定答案。此類(lèi)題通常用一些疑問(wèn)詞來(lái)提問(wèn)，或是判斷正誤?！咎貏e提醒】細(xì)節(jié)理解題的三個(gè)步驟：瀏覽全文，了解信息?？焖偻ㄗx全文，大致了解不同信息間的差異，為解決問(wèn)題做好信息儲(chǔ)備。抓關(guān)鍵詞，快速尋讀。根據(jù)題目要求，從題干中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語(yǔ)，以此為線(xiàn)索，通過(guò)略讀和尋讀的 方法快速而準(zhǔn)確地在文章中尋找與此問(wèn)題相關(guān)的信息

56、，找到后仔細(xì)閱讀，反復(fù)品味，認(rèn)真比較選項(xiàng)和文中 細(xì)節(jié)，在準(zhǔn)確理解該細(xì)節(jié)的前提下，排除干擾項(xiàng)，從而確定答案。回讀信息，驗(yàn)證答案。確定答案后，必須回讀原文，再一次根據(jù)原文中的信息對(duì)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證?？傊瑢?duì)于細(xì)節(jié)理解題，我們要恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用略讀、查讀等技巧，在文章中尋找與此問(wèn)題相關(guān)的段落、 語(yǔ)句，仔細(xì)品味，對(duì)照比較，確定答案。例 2.（2019 江蘇卷 A）Whatever your age or interests, Buxton has something to see or do to make your visittruly memorable.High_energyIf you desire p

57、hysical activities, you can choose activities from swimming to horse riding. Explore the heightswith Go Ape, the high wire forest adventure course, or journey beneath the earth at Poole s Cavforget: we are surrounded by a natural playground just perfect for walking, caving, climbing and cycling.High

58、_mindedBuxton is justifiably proud of its cultural life and you ll find much to suit all tastes with art, music, opthe performing arts at Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre and Green Man Gallery. There are plenty of opportunities for the creative person to become involved, including workshops

59、 and events.Keeping the_kids happyChildren love the small train and playgrounds in the Pavilion Gardens and there s plenty more tBuxton Museum. There s a nendoor play centre, plus the special events and workshops, and others during school holiday periods.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了巴克斯頓(Buxton)令人難忘的景點(diǎn)及活動(dòng)。If

60、 you want to take an underground journey, which place is the best choice?Poole s Cavern.Pavilion Gardens.Buxton Museum.Green Man Gallery.【答案】A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) High_energy部分中的“Explore the heights with Go Ape, the high wire forest adventure course, or journey beneath the earth at Poole Cavern. 可知， 如果彳s1進(jìn)