物流+外文翻譯

1、1. The Definition of LogisticsAfter completi ng a commercial tran sact ion, I ogistics will execute the tran sfer of goods from the supplier( seller) to the customer( buyer) in the most cost-effective manner. This is the definition of logistics. During the transfer process, hardware such as logistic

2、s facilities and equipment( logistics carriers) are needed, as well as information control and sta ndardizati on. In additi on, supports from the gover nment and logistics associati on should be in place.Three major functions of logisticsCreating time value: same goods can be valued different at dif

3、ferent times. Goods ofte n stop duri ng the tran sfer process, which is professi on ally called the storage of logistics. It creates the time value for goods.Creating location value: same goods can be valued differently at different locations.The value added during the transfer process is the locati

4、on value of logistics.Distribution processing value: sometimes logistics create distribution processing value, which cha nges the len gth, thick ness and packages of the goods. Like popularsaying, “ cutting into smaller parts” is the most commonly seen distribution processingwith in logistics create

5、 added value for goods.2. Logistics is a new commercial area, developing from the traditional stage to a modern one. The main differe nces betwee n these two stage in clude:Modern logistics adopts containerization techniques. The goods transfer process starts with packagi ng, followed by tran sporta

6、ti on, storage and distributi on. The whole process is operated un der logistics sta ndards. Based on the logistics base module of600 X400mm, from the logistics module of 1,2001,000mm, and en large to the size of2,591 X2,438mm-the size of high wide of the contain er. It can be adjusted to the sta nd

7、ard sizes of containers for trains, trucks and ships.In formatio n tech no logies are most importa nt for modern logistics. Bar Code, POS, EDI and GPS systems dramatically improve the efficie ncy and accuracy of the logistics activities. Internet further assists the market developme nt, operati on a

8、nd man ageme nt of the logistics in dustry.3.lnternational LogisticsAn in creas ing nu mber of compa nies are in volv ing in intern ati onal markets through export in g, lice nsin g, jo ins ven tures, and own ership. This trend should continue. With such expansion there is a need to develop worldwid

9、e logistics networks. Integrated logistics man ageme nt and cost an alysis will be more complex and difficult to man age.There are some future trends in intern ati on alizati on:More logistics executives with intern ati onal resp on sibilitiesExpa nsion of the nu mber and size of foreig n trade zon

10、es.Reducti on in the amount of intern atio nal paperwork and docume ntati onMore foreig n warehous ing is owned and con trolled by the export ing firmIn creas ing nu mber of smaller firmForeig n own ership of logistics service firms, e. g., public warehous ing and tran sportatio n carriers.Increasin

11、g multiple distribution channelsThe intern ati on al tran sport and the intern ati onal logistics are same things in some way. So, when the international trading involved, the firm must establish international logistics systems to provide the products and service dema nded. The most sig ni fica nt d

12、evelopme nt in intern ati on al logistics will be the in creas ing sophisticati on in formati on system adopted and in depe ndent departme nts to operate.Packagi ng.Packag ing performs two basic functions-market ing and logistics. In marketi ng thepackaging acts promotion and advertising. Its size,

13、weight, color, and printed information attract customers and convey kno wledge of the product. Whe n firms are in volved in intern ati onal marketi ng, packag ing becomes even more importa nt. Products sold to foreig n coun tries travel greater dista nces and un dergo more han dli ng operati ons. Th

14、e logistics package is to protect the products duri ng the process of logistics.Scrap disposal. The logistics process must effectively and quickly han dle, tran sport, and store waste products. If they can be reused or recycled, logistics compa ny should arrange and move them to the re-producti on a

15、nd re -process ing locati ons.Retur n goods han dli ng. The han dli ng of retur n goods is often called reverse distribution. Buyers may return items to the seller for a number of reasons. Most logistics systems are not good eno ugh to han dle such cases. In many in dustries, con sumers retur n prod

16、ucts for warra nty repair, replaceme nt, or recycli ng, reverse distributi on costs may be very high. Reverse distributi on will become more importa nt as customers dema nd more flexible and favorable retur n policies.Third Part Logistics ( TPL)Third Part Logistics provides all the logistics service

17、s. They act as a bridge or facilitator betwee n the first part( supplier or producer) and the sec ond part( buyer or customer). The primary objectives of third part logistics providers are to lower the total cost of logistics for the supplier and improve the service level to the customer.Third Part

18、Logistics have bee n grow ing rapidly. Cost reducti on and dema nds for batter and cheaper services are the main drives behi nd the growth. A third part logistics provider will be in a positi on to con solidate bus in ess from several compa nies and offer frequent pick -ups and deliveries, whereas i

19、n -house transportation cannot. Other reasons are as follows:The compa ny does not specialize in logistics;The compa ny does not have sufficie nt resources;Eager to impleme nt better logistics operati on or does not have time to develop therequired capabilities in-house;The compa ny is ven turi ng i

20、nto a new bus in ess with totally differe nt logistics requireme nts;Merger or acquisiti on may make outsourci ng logistics operati ons more attractive tha nto in tegrate logistics operati ons.Global LogisticsDeveloped countries often deal with globalization in two ways: to be more costcompetitive w

21、ith third world countries, and to look for new partners in other countries tomanu facture comp onen ts, subassemblies and even the final products. The sec ond approach forces most developed countri es to get into a new area called“ global logisticsBen efits of global operati ons in clude cheap raw m

22、aterials and end products, lowerlabor cost, better quality, in creased internal competiti on and better customer service.Some of the disadva ntages are un reliable delivery, poor com muni cati on and Ion ger time from design to finish production. Challenges are often cultural and linguistic differen

23、ces, legal requireme nts, logistics suppliers or manu facturers, excha nge rates.There are three major flows involved in global logistics: material flow, document flowand cash flow.Logistics into the FutureLogistics is cha nging at a rapid and accelerati on rate. There are two reas ons are itsrapid

24、growth:Firstly, pressure to cha nge by the developme nt of the system itselfHigh -speed computing and data transmission can instantly transmit and react to userdema ndMore flexible and accurate logistic pla nning and con trol through computers and data process ingFlexible computer facilities help pr

25、oblem solvi ng and in crease decisi ons accuracyAware ness of total cost measureme nt and man ageme nt acco untingSecon dly, pressures for cha nges from the wider economy.Be flexible in handling markets of different sizes for better competitionThere is in creas ing specializati on in markets and gro

26、wth in retaili ng.Life cycles for products are shorte ning. Logistics systems n eed to be more efficie nt,faster and more flexibleMove from mass product ion towards flexible manu facturi ng system( FMS). Thesesystems en able a compa ny to switch product ion quickly from one product to ano therCompet

27、itive pressures lead to more efforts to improve customer service.The process of logistical in tegrati on can be divided into four stages:Stage 1. Began in the early 1960s in the USA and in volved the in tegratio n of all activities associated with distribution. Separate distribution departments were

28、 to coord in ate the man ageme nt of all processes with in physical distributi on man ageme nt( PDM).Stage 2. PDM was applied to the inbound movement of materials, components, and subassemblies, gen erally known as“ materials man ageme nt” . By the late 1970s, manyfirms had establisheda logistics de

29、partment” with overall responsibility for the movement,storage, and han dli ng of products upstream and dow nstream of the product ion operati on.Stage 3. Logistics plays an importa nt coord in ati ng role, as it in terfaces with most other functions. With the emerge nee of bus in ess process re-eng

30、in eeri ng( BPR) in theearly 1990s, the relati on ship betwee n logistics and related functions was redefi ned.“ System integration ” occurred. Crcfsnctional integration should achieve greater results.物流的定義在完成商業(yè)交易之后，物流將以最低成本和最高效益的方式執(zhí)行將商品從供應(yīng)商(賣方)流轉(zhuǎn)到顧客(買方)的過程。這就是物流的定義。在物流過程中 ，既需要諸如物流設(shè)施和設(shè)備 (物流 運輸工具等)的硬

31、件，也需要對物流實施信息化管理進行物流標準化。此外,政府和物流組織的支持也不可或缺。物流的三大主要功能創(chuàng)造時間價值：同種商品因所處時間的不同而有著不同的價值。在商品流轉(zhuǎn)過程中，往往會處于某種停滯的狀態(tài)，物流的專業(yè)術(shù)語就稱之為儲存。儲存創(chuàng)造了商品的時間價值。創(chuàng)造場所價值:同種商品因所處位置的不同而有著不同的價值。這種因商品流轉(zhuǎn)過程中 而產(chǎn)生的附加增值稱之為物流的場所價值。同配送加工價值：有時,物流活動也能創(chuàng)造配送加工價值，這種物流加工主要改變商品的 長度、厚度和包裝形態(tài)。物流中經(jīng)常提到的 分割成更小的部分”就是配送加工中最為常見的 形式。大多數(shù)物流加工都能創(chuàng)造商品的附加價值。2.物流作為新興的商

32、務(wù)領(lǐng)域，經(jīng)歷了從傳統(tǒng)物流向現(xiàn)代物流發(fā)展的兩個階段。這兩個階段的不同主要體現(xiàn)在以下兩個方面：現(xiàn)代物流采用了集裝技術(shù)。商品物流往往從包裝開始，而后經(jīng)歷運輸、儲存和配送等過程。 整個過程始終在物流標準化的前提下運行。以物流基礎(chǔ)模數(shù)尺寸600M00MM為基礎(chǔ)，制定出物流模數(shù)尺寸1200X1000MM,并將其放大至2591X2438MM,即形成集裝箱的高度與寬度標 準尺寸。并能調(diào)整成適合鐵運、汽運和船運的集裝箱標準規(guī)格尺寸。信息技術(shù)在現(xiàn)代物流中尤其重要。條形碼、銷售時點系統(tǒng)、電子數(shù)據(jù)傳輸系統(tǒng)、全球衛(wèi) 星定位系統(tǒng)的使用，極大地提高了物流活動的效率和精確程度。而互聯(lián)網(wǎng)更加有助于物流管 理的市場開發(fā)、運營和管

33、理。國際物流很多企業(yè)正通過出口、許可、合營或跨國經(jīng)營涉足國際市場。這種趨勢仍將持續(xù)。 隨著這種趨勢的發(fā)展，開發(fā)國際物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)成為必須。整合物流管理和成本分析將更加復(fù)雜和困難。國際化將呈現(xiàn)出以下未來趨勢：物流將更多地承擔起國際義務(wù)對外貿(mào)易區(qū)的數(shù)量和規(guī)模的擴大國際有紙作業(yè)和單據(jù)制作的數(shù)量的減少更多的涉外倉儲業(yè)務(wù)由出口企業(yè)經(jīng)營和控制小企業(yè)的數(shù)量增長物流服務(wù)企業(yè)的涉外經(jīng)營，如公營倉儲業(yè)務(wù)和國際運輸商增加多配送渠道從某些方面講，國際運輸?shù)韧趪H物流。因此，當涉足國際貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域時，企業(yè)必須建立國際物流系統(tǒng)以提供需要的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)。國際物流的更重要的發(fā)展在于大力采用先進的信息系統(tǒng)和實行獨立的部門運作。包裝。包裝

34、執(zhí)行兩個基本的功能 一營銷和物流。就市場營銷而言，包裝承擔促銷和廣告的 功能。其尺寸、重量、顏色和印制的信息會對顧客產(chǎn)生吸引力并將產(chǎn)品信息傳達給顧客。當企業(yè)涉足國際市場營銷時，包裝就顯得更為重要。出口到國外的產(chǎn)品需要運輸更長的距離， 經(jīng)歷更多的裝卸搬運。而物流包裝在物流過程中起到了保護產(chǎn)品的作用。廢棄物處理。物流過程中的活動也應(yīng)當包括高效快速地對廢棄物進行裝卸、運輸和倉儲。如若廢棄物能夠重新利用或回收，物流企業(yè)應(yīng)當合理安排并將其運送到再生產(chǎn)或再加工地點。退貨處理。退貨處理通常叫做反向配送。 買方可能因各種原因?qū)a(chǎn)品退回賣方。 多數(shù)物流系 統(tǒng)未能對此類事件作出足夠妥善的處理。 在很多行業(yè)，消費者因維修保證、更換或回收而退 回產(chǎn)品，因而反向配送的成本可能會很高。 由于顧客對退貨政策的要求更加靈活、 更加實惠， 反向配送將更加重要。第三方物流第三方物流提供了所有的物流活動。他