2023版高三英語主題語境復(fù)習(xí)方案新教案：第3部分 主題群1 子主題1　主要國家地理概況

1、 主題群一自然生態(tài)子主題(一)主要國家地理概況閱讀理解A(2019江蘇卷B)In the 1960s，while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park, Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that，oddly，had not troubled anyone before：he couldnt find the parks volcano.It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volc

2、anic in nature thats what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features.But Christiansen couldnt find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.Most of us，when we talk about volcanoes，think of the classic cone(圓錐體)shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro，which are created when erupting magma(巖漿)piles up

3、.These can form remarkably quickly.In 1943，a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land.In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high.Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across.A

4、ltogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth，all but a few hundred of them extinct.There is，however，a second less known type of volcano that doesnt involve mountain building.These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack，leaving behind a vast hole，th

5、e caldera.Yellowstone obviously was of this second type，but Christiansen couldnt find the caldera anywhere.Just at this time NASA decided to test some new highaltitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone.A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assum

6、ption that they might make a nice blowup for one of the visitors centers.As soon as Christiansen saw the photos，he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera：almost the whole park2.2 million acreswas caldera.The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles acrossmuch too huge to be seen from

7、anywhere at ground level.At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.【語篇解讀】本文為記敘文，講述了二十世紀(jì)六十年代Bob Christiansen在研究黃石公園的火山歷史時(shí)，奇怪地發(fā)現(xiàn)在黃石公園沒有找到火山。原來，這兒的火山并不是像我們大部分人想象的那種圓錐體形狀的高聳的樣子，而是一個(gè)巨大的洞，這個(gè)洞太大了，以至于從地面上的任何地方都看不見。1What puzzled C

8、hristiansen when he was studying Yellowstone?AIts complicated geographical features.BIts everlasting influence on tourism.CThe mysterious history of the park.DThe exact location of the volcano.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“But Christiansen couldnt find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.”可知，他困惑的是在黃石公園沒有找到火山。故選D。2W

9、hat does the second paragraph mainly talk about?AThe shapes of volcanoes.BThe impacts of volcanoes.CThe activities of volcanoes.DThe heights of volcanoes.A主旨大意題。本段講述了兩種形狀的火山，一種是通常人們所理解的由火山巖漿堆積形成的圓錐體，還有一種極具爆發(fā)力的火山，它們會在一個(gè)大裂縫中爆裂，留下一個(gè)巨大的洞。故選A。3What does the underlined word “blowup” in the last paragraph

10、most probably mean?AHotair balloon.BDigital camera.CBig photograph.DBirds view.C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Just at this time NASA decided to test some new highaltitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone.A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that t

11、hey might make a nice blowup for one of the visitors centers.”可知，美國國家航空航天局為測試一些新的高海拔照相機(jī)而拍攝了黃石公園的照片。一位深思熟慮的官員把其中的一些照片副本轉(zhuǎn)交給了公園管理部門，認(rèn)為他們可能會將其放大以供一個(gè)游客中心展示。故可知，此處意為將照片放大，選C。B(2018全國卷B)Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are，like a nearby port or river.People settle in these places beca

12、use they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.New York City，for example，is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million.But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom

13、towns grow from nothing almost overnight.In 1896，Dawson，Canada，was unmapped wilderness(荒野)But gold was discovered there in 1897，and two years later，it was one of the largest cities in the West，with a population of 30，000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Pa

14、ris.People went there for gold.They travelled over snowcovered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers.The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning.An avalanche (雪崩) once closed the path，killing 63 people.For many who made it to Dawson，howe

15、ver，the rewards were worth the difficult trip.Of the first 20，000 people who dug for gold，4，000 got rich.About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.But no matter how rich they were，Dawson was never comfortable.Necessities like food and wood were very expensive.But soon，the gold t

16、hat Dawson depended on had all been found.The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down，and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska，they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.Today，people still come and go to see where the Canadian gold rush

17、 happened.Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson Cityits present population is 762.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了加拿大道森的歷史、發(fā)展與現(xiàn)狀。4What attracted the early settlers to New York City?AIts business culture.BIts small population.CIts geographical position.DIts favourable climate.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“New York City，for exam

18、ple，is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million.”可推知，由于紐約市地處哈德遜河入?？冢鋬?yōu)越的地理位置吸引了早期的定居者。C項(xiàng)正確。5What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?ATwothirds of them stayed there.BOne out of five people got

19、rich.CAlmost everyone gave up.DHalf of them died.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Of the first 20，000 people who dug for gold，4，000 got rich.”可知，在最先的兩萬淘金者中，有4 000人變得富有了，換言之，即有五分之一的人(one out of five people)變得富有了，故答案為B。6What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?AThey found the city too crowded.BThey want

20、ed to try their luck elsewhere.CThey were unable to stand the winter.DThey were short of food.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“But soon.and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska，they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.”可知，當(dāng)?shù)郎狞S金都被發(fā)掘后，人們聽說在阿拉斯加發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的金礦，他們便很快離開道森了。由此可推知，他們是想去阿拉斯加碰碰運(yùn)氣。B項(xiàng)正確。7

21、What is the text mainly about?AThe rise and fall of a city.BThe gold rush in Canada.CJourneys into the wilderness.DTourism in Dawson.A主旨大意題。本文主要以道森為例，講述了城市的興衰，故A項(xiàng)正確。C(2017全國卷A)San Francisco Fire Engine ToursSan Francisco Winery TourRunning：February 1st through April 30thThis delicious tour goes thro

22、ugh the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in ticket price)Departing from the Cannery：Tour times upon requestDuration(時(shí)長)：2 hoursPrice：$90Back to the Fifties Tour Runni

23、ng：August 16th through August 31stThis tour transports you back in time to one of San Franciscos most fantastic periods，the 1950s！Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.Departing from the Cannery：5：00 pm and 7：30 pmDuration：2 hoursPrice：$90Spooky Hallowe

24、en TourRunning：October 10th through October 31stJoin us for a ride through the historical Presidio eq avs4al(district).Authentic fire gear(服裝)is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.Departing from the Cannery：6：30 pm and 8：30 pmDu

25、ration：1 hour and 30 minutesPrice：Available upon requestHoliday Lights TourRunning：December 6th through December 23rdThis attractive tour takes you to some of San Franciscos most cheerful holiday scenes.Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.Departing from

26、 the Cannery：7：00 pm and 9：00 pmDuration：1 hour and 30 minutesAdvance reservations required.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了美國舊金山的四條旅游路線。8Which of the tours is available in March?ASan Francisco Winery Tour.BBack to the Fifties Tour.CSpooky Halloween Tour.DHoliday Lights Tour.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一個(gè)標(biāo)題San Francisco Winery T

27、our下的“February 1st through April 30th”可知，此項(xiàng)活動(dòng)從2月1日持續(xù)到4月30日，所以如果3月份出游，要選擇San Francisco Winery Tour，故選A項(xiàng)。9What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tour?AGo to Treasure Island.BEnjoy the holiday scenes.CHave free ice cream.DVisit the Presidio district.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二個(gè)標(biāo)題Back to the Fifties Tour下的“Enjoy f

28、un history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.”可知，游客在領(lǐng)略歷史文化的同時(shí)，還有免費(fèi)的冰激凌可吃，故選C項(xiàng)。10What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour?ATake some drinks.BSet off early in the morning.CWear warm clothes.DMake reservations in advance.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一個(gè)標(biāo)題Holiday Light

29、s Tour下的“Advance reservations required.”可知，想?yún)⒓舆@條路線，游客要提前預(yù)訂，故選D項(xiàng)。1oddly adv.古怪地2feature n特點(diǎn)3erupt vi.爆發(fā)；噴出4remarkably adv.引人注目的5explosive adj.爆炸的6single adj.單一的；單身的7authority n權(quán)威；權(quán)力8scale n規(guī)模；比例9harbour n海港10avalanche n雪崩11rush n沖進(jìn)；倉促12industry n工業(yè)，產(chǎn)業(yè)13engine n發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，引擎14delicious adj.美味的15treasure n財(cái)寶1

30、6depart v離開17authentic adj.真實(shí)的18scene n場景1level n水平2beyond prep.超出3gradually adv.逐漸地；逐步地4natural adj.自然的5dig v挖掘6chief adj.主要的7present adj.現(xiàn)在的，出席的8transport vt.運(yùn)輸；運(yùn)送1steam n蒸汽steamy adj.蒸汽的2confuse v使迷惑confused adj.感到困惑的confusing adj.令人困惑的3extinct v滅絕extinction n滅絕4thought n想法 thoughtful adj.考慮周到的5d

31、igit n數(shù)字digital adj.數(shù)字的6communicate vi.交流communication n交流；溝通7discover v發(fā)現(xiàn)discovery n發(fā)現(xiàn)8thrill v使興奮thrilling adj.毛骨悚然的1all but 幾乎2have a good reason for 有充分的理由3make it成功4no matter不論5.depend on取決于即時(shí)演練單句語法填空1The confused (confuse) look on Toms face suggested that he didnt quite understand his managers

32、 idea.2Wilson has covered an astonishing 64，000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous conversations with the students he transports (transport) to and from school.3As is known to all language learners, newlylearnt words will soon be forgotten unless frequently used in everyday com

33、munication (communicate)4As the weather gradually (gradual) becomes warmer and warmer, he will pick up soon.5He saw life as a voyage of discovery(discover)6If you have a job, do devote yourself to it and finally youll make it7It is very thoughtful(thought) of you to send the flowers.8That would have

34、 been a good enough reason for me not to go.熟詞生義(寫出句中黑體詞的漢語意思)1Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth, all but a few hundred of them extinct.大約2Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across.寬.似易實(shí)難(將句中黑體詞部分譯成漢語)1For

35、 many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip.譯文然而，對于很多到過道森市的人來說，這趟艱苦的旅程是值得這些回報(bào)的。2Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.譯文在這里你可以品嘗到4杯舊金山提供的最好的葡萄酒。.復(fù)雜晦澀(分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并譯成漢語)1Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, think of the class

36、ic cone shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro, which are created when erupting magma piles up.分析主語是most of us，謂語部分是think of.，when we talk about volcanoes是狀語從句，隔開了主語和謂語。從語法結(jié)構(gòu)上講也可以把when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句放在句首。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾the classic cone shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro。when erupting magma piles up是狀語從句，修飾動(dòng)詞create

37、d。譯文當(dāng)談到火山時(shí)，我們中的大多數(shù)都會想到富士山或者乞力馬扎羅山的經(jīng)典圓錐形狀，它們是在巖漿噴發(fā)堆積時(shí)形成的。2The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.分析本句是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列分句構(gòu)成。前面分句是簡單句，其中with no interest

38、in settling down作定語修飾people。后邊分句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是they left Dawson City.，when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，在從句中，there were new gold discoveries in Alaska是heard的賓語從句，省略了引導(dǎo)詞that。譯文城市里擠滿了失望的人們，他們對定居毫無興趣，等聽說阿拉斯加有新的金礦發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)，他們就像來時(shí)那樣快速離開了道森城。1account vi.& vt.認(rèn)為；說明；總計(jì)有 n說明；理由；計(jì)算；賬目(1)take account of./o account 考慮到；顧及on account of 因?yàn)椋?/p>

39、由于on no account 決不give an account of報(bào)告；敘述；說明(2)account for 解釋；說明； (數(shù)量，比例上)占o(jì)pen an account 開戶create an email account創(chuàng)建電子郵件賬戶give us a long account of her trip to Europe向我們詳細(xì)講述她的歐洲之行基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空North Sea oil accounts for a high proportion of our export earnings.While CHRONOLOGICA tells the stories of f

40、amous people in history such as Thomas Edison and Alexander the Great，this book also gives an account of the lives of lesserknown individuals.(2019天津卷)The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class.能力提升詞匯升級普通表達(dá)：The flight was postponed because of the

41、bad weather.高級表達(dá)：The flight was postponed on account of the bad weather.名師點(diǎn)津on no account意為“決不”，放在句首時(shí)常引起句子的部分倒裝，有類似用法的還有：by no means, in no way, on no condition, under no circumstances, in no case, at no time等。2involve vt.包括；涉及；使參與；需要(1)involve sb.in (doing) sth.使某人參與(做)某事；使某人牽扯到某事中involve doing sth

42、.包括做某事；參與做某事involve oneself in sth.自己參與某事(2)involved adj.復(fù)雜的；有牽連的，有關(guān)的get/be involved in 被卷入之中；熱衷于，專心于be/get involved with sb./sth.與某人混在一起，和有密切聯(lián)系get involved with that crowd 與那群人混在一起involve western festivals and customs 涉及西方的節(jié)日和習(xí)俗get involved in community activities where they can gain experience for

43、 growth 參加社區(qū)活動(dòng)，能從中為成長獲取經(jīng)驗(yàn)名師點(diǎn)津involved adj.作前置定語時(shí)，意為“復(fù)雜的”；作后置定語時(shí)，意為“涉及”。如：an involved sentence“一個(gè)復(fù)雜的句子”；the people involved“所涉及的人”?；A(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空Online voting becomes increasingly popular, and many competitions get people involved in it.A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers

44、 or stresses involved(involve)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involves spending(spend) quite a lot of time with students.能力提升完成句子父母應(yīng)當(dāng)參與孩子的教育。Parents should involve themselves in their childs education.3assumption n假設(shè)，設(shè)想(1)assume vt.設(shè)想；假定；認(rèn)為；承擔(dān)assume that.假定，認(rèn)為assume.to be.認(rèn)為是；假定是

45、(2)assuming that假定(作狀語) (3)on the assumption that假設(shè)in support of our assumption支持我們的假設(shè)it is reasonable to assume認(rèn)為合理assuming it rains tomorrow假設(shè)明天下雨基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空Where unemployment and crime rates are high, it can be assumed (assume) that the latter is due to the former.(2018江蘇卷)Try to understand whats

46、actually happening instead of acting on the assumption (assume) youve made.能力提升詞匯升級普通表達(dá)：If I am chosen to be a volunteer at Beijing Winter Olympic Games, I will serve the people heart and soul.高級表達(dá)：Assuming (that) I am chosen to be a volunteer at Beijing Winter Olympic Games, I will serve the people

47、 heart and soul.4convenience n便利；方便；便利的事物；便利設(shè)施(1)at ones convenience在某人方便時(shí)(2)convenient adj.方便的；便利的；附近的；容易到達(dá)的It be convenient for sb.to do sth.對某人來說做某事是方便的sth.be convenient for sb.對某人來說是方便的a convenience store便利店convenience foods方便食品a restaurant convenient for/to shops and theatres靠近商店和劇院的餐館基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填

48、空(2019江蘇卷)To enjoy the convenience (convenient) of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.The hotel is conveniently (convenient) located close to the beach, thus making it popular with tourists.Would it be convenient for you to pick(pick) me up at four oclock and take me t

49、o the airport?If its convenient for you, lets meet at 8：30 outside the school gate.能力提升一句多譯如果你感興趣，請你在方便的時(shí)候盡快報(bào)名吧。If you are interested, please sign up earlier at your convenience(convenience)If you are interested, please sign up earlier when it is convenient for you(convenient)名師點(diǎn)津convenient作表語時(shí)，不可用人

50、作主語，而要用物或形式主語作主語?！爱?dāng)你方便的時(shí)候”應(yīng)譯成“when it is convenient for you”而不能譯成“when you are convenient”。“(某個(gè)房子等)離某處近”，可用“.be convenient for/to sth.”如The house is convenient for/to several schools.5provide vt.提供；規(guī)定；準(zhǔn)備；供應(yīng)eq blc rc(avs4alco1(（1）provide sb.with sth.,provide sth.for sb.)向某人提供某物(2)provide for 贍養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)活pro

51、vide against 預(yù)防，防備(3)provided (that) . providing (that) .倘若；在情況/條件下provide us with a chance to know more about Chinese traditional culture 為我們提供一個(gè)更多了解中國傳統(tǒng)文化的機(jī)會provide large quantities of clothes and food for the earthquake areas 為地震災(zāi)區(qū)提供大量的衣服和食品provide against a raining day 未雨綢繆基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空The police w

52、ill reward whoever provides/has provided(provide) useful information to catch the robber.You can use the room providing/provided(provide) that you keep it clean and tidy.能力提升完成句子/句式升級我認(rèn)為，兼職工作可以給大學(xué)生提供一個(gè)寶貴的機(jī)會去更多地了解外面的世界。In my view, parttime jobs provide college students with a valuable opportunity to

53、know more about the outside world.畢業(yè)以后，他們可以更好地適應(yīng)社會。They can better adapt themselves to society after graduation.用目的狀語從句連接句。In my view, parttime jobs provide college students with a valuable opportunity to know more about the outside world so that they can better adapt themselves to society after gra

54、duation.6require vt.需要；要求(1)require sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事require that sb.(should) do sth.要求某人做某事(2)requirement n要求，需要meet/satisfy ones requirements 滿足某人的要求require everyone to follow the rules 要求每個(gè)人都遵守規(guī)則be required to fill in the application form 要求填張申請表be competent to meet your requirements 有能力滿足你們的要

55、求名師點(diǎn)津require作“需要”時(shí)，其后跟v.ing的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)的含義或不定式的被動(dòng)式，即：require doing/to be done。類似用法的詞還有need, want, deserve等?；A(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空(2018北京卷)In my first PE.class, the teacher required us to run(run) laps and then hit a softball.(2017浙江卷)She was skeptical that the language requirement(require) would encourage integrat

56、ion.All the problems put forward at the meeting require solving/to be solved(solve) in one month.能力提升一句多譯校長要求所有的學(xué)生在學(xué)校穿校服。The headmaster required all the students to wear school uniforms at school.(簡單句)The headmaster required that all the students (should) wear school uniforms at school.(復(fù)合句)It had b

57、een known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in naturethats what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features.長久以來人們都知道黃石公園是火山噴發(fā)造成的這就是為什么公園內(nèi)那么多熱泉并且到處冒蒸汽的原因。句型公式It had been known .that是It is/has been known that.的時(shí)態(tài)變形結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“人們知道”，it為形式主語，that 引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語。(1)It be known that 相當(dāng)

58、于 sb./sth.be known to do, 表示“眾所周知”。(2)這類句型也可以用于其他一些動(dòng)詞，如：It is reported that.據(jù)報(bào)道It is suggested that.有人建議It is thought that.人們認(rèn)為It is said that.據(jù)說金句推送It is known that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.眾所周知，二氧化碳正以先前人們所擔(dān)憂的兩倍的速度加熱著地球。基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空Body language is sai

59、d to account(account) for 55 percent of a first impression.The professor is said to have succeeded(succeed) in carrying out this experiment so far.The flu is known to be caused(cause)by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.能力提升一句多譯大家都知道幾天前她寫了一篇關(guān)于野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)的報(bào)告。It i

60、s known that she wrote a report about wildlife protection the other day.She is known to have written a report about wildlife protection the other day.夯基固本知識落實(shí).用所給詞的正確形式填空 1Lets assume it to be(be) true.2Jane kept moving, but the farther she walked，the more confused (confuse) she became.3All kinds of