倉(cāng)庫(kù)溫濕度監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)外文翻譯

1、江漢大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）外文翻譯姓名學(xué)號(hào)2012年3月1日外文原文SinglechipmicrocomputerandthedevelopmentofthetemperatureandhumiditysensorBorninthe1970ssinglechipmicrocomputer,andexperiencetheSCM,MCU,SOCthreephases.SCMnamelySingleChipcomputerstage,mainistoseekoutthemonolithicformsoftheembeddedsystembestsystemstructure.Innovationmo

2、desuccess,laidtheSCMandgeneralcomputercompletelydifferentdevelopmentroad.MCUnamelyMicroController(MicroControllerUnit)stage,themaintechnologicaldevelopmentdirectionis:expandingmeetembeddedapplication,theobjectsystemrequirementsofvariousperipheralcircuitandinterfacecircuit,dashforwardshowitsobjectthe

3、intelligentcontrolability.MCUisembeddedsystemindependentdevelopmentway,toakeyfactortothedevelopmentofMCUstage,istoseekapplicationsystemonachipinthemaximizationofthesolution;Therefore,specialMCUdevelopmentnaturalformtheSOCtendency.Withmicroelectronicstechnology,ICdesign,EDAtoolsdevelopment,basedonthe

4、singlechipmicrocomputerapplicationsystemSOCdesigncanhavelargerdevelopment.Temperatureisabasicphysicalquantities,everythinginnatureiscloselyrelatedwiththeprocessoftemperature.Thetemperaturesensoristheearliestdevelopment,themostwidelyusedkindofsensor.From17thcenturypeoplebegantousetemperaturemeasuring

5、.Thetemperaturesensortherearefourmaintypes:thermocouple,thermalresistance,resistancetemperaturedetector(RTD)andtemperaturesensorIC.ICtemperaturesensorandincludinganalogoutputanddigitaloutputtwotypes.Contacttemperaturesensordetectionpartandthetestedobjecthasagoodcontact,andcallsthethermometer.Thether

6、mometerthroughthetransmissionorconvectionreachthermalequilibrium,thusmakethethermometerandvaluecanbemeasureddirectlysaysthetemperatureoftheobjects.Generalmeasurementprecision.Inacertaintemperaturerange,thethermometercanalsobemeasuringobjectsofinternaltemperaturedistribution.Butforsportsbody,smalltar

7、getorheatcapacityisverysmallobjectswillproducelargermeasurementerror,commonlyusedathermometerhavetwo-metalthermometer,glassliquidthermometer,pressuretypethermometer,resistancethermometers,thermistorsandtemperaturedifferenceelectricdipole,etc.Contactlesstemperaturesensorsensitivecomponentsandtestedob

8、jecteachotherisnotcontact,againsaynon-contacthighlighted.ittable.Thisinstrumentcanbeusedtomeasuremovementobject,smallgoalsandheatcapacitysmallortemperaturechangequickly(transient)thesurfacetemperatureoftheobject,alsocanusedforthemeasurementofthetemperaturedistribution.1.AT89S52devicesprofileThemainp

9、erformance:andMCS-51SCMproductscompatible,and8KbytesinthesystemprogrammableFlashmemory,1000timeperiod,andthestaticintegration.itoperation:0Hz33Hz,level3encryptionprogrammemory,32programmableI/Omouthline,three16timer/counters,eightinterruptsource,full-duplexUARTserialchannel,lowpowerdissipationpowerl

10、ostmode,andfreeafterpoweroffinterruptcanwakeup,thewatchdogtimer,doubledatapointer,offtheidentifier.Functionalcharacteristicsdescription:AT89S52devicesisalowpower,high-performanceCMOS8-bitmicrocontrollers,with8KinsystemprogrammableFlashmemory.Atmelcompanyusehigh-densitynonvolatiletechnologymanufactur

11、ing,andindustry80C51productinstructionsandpinfullycompatible.ChipFlashallowprogrammemoryinthesystemprogrammable,alsosuitableforconventionalprogrammingconsole.Inasinglechip,withclever8bitsCPUandinthesystemprogrammableFlash,makeAT89S52devicesformanyembeddedcontrolsystemtoprovidehighflexibleapplication

12、,superefficientsolution.AT89S52deviceshasthefollowingstandardfunction:8kbytesFlash,256bytesRAM,32bitI/Omouthline,thewatchdogtimer,twodatapointer,three16timer/counter,a6vectorlevel2interruptstructure,full-duplexserialmouth,withincrystalsoftimelyclockcircuit.Inaddition,AT89S52devicescanbedownto0Hzseri

13、esstaticlogicoperation,supporttwosoftwarecanchoosepowersavingmode.Idlemode,theCPUtostopworking,andallowRAM,timer/counter,serialports,interruptcontinuetoworkfor.Powerlostprotectionways,aRAMcontentbeingsaved,hasbeenfrozen,SCMallworkstop,untilthenextaninterruptorhardwareresetsofar.2.Integratedtemperatu

14、resensorAD590IntegratedtemperaturesensorAD590to,itstemperatureresolutionforthe0.3degreesCelsius.TheanalogsignalisoutputAD590to,whenthetemperatureof0degrees,outputcurrent273.2microamps,andcurrentvariationandtemperaturevariationinalinearrelationship,temperature,andonceeverychange,theoutputcurrentchang

15、e1microamps,thetemperaturesensorofworkingtemperaturerangeis-30degrees-150degrees.IfuseAD590tomakethetemperaturesensor,sensorperipheralcircuitissimple,justputsamplingresistanceandAD590tolinkandthentoamplifythesignal,andthenusingvoltagecomparatorcomparedtooutputvoltage,voltagecomparatoroutputsignalsca

16、nbedirectlyasPLCtheinputsignal.HumiditysensorTherearemanywaysofmeasuringtheairhumidity,itsprincipleisbasedoncertainmaterialfromthesurroundingairabsorbwatercausedbyphysicalorchemicalpropertiesofthechange,indirectlyfromthematerialofwaterquantityandthesurroundingairhumidity.Capacitiveandresistiveandwet

17、goupwettypeaccordingtoitsoriginalsusceptibilityweremacromoleculematerialmoistureabsorptionafterthedielectricconstantandresistivityandvolumechangeandhumiditymeasurementSolutiona:theHOS-201wetsensors.HOS-201wetsensorforhighhumiditysensorswitches,itsthejobofthevoltageofac1Vthefollowing,frequencyforfreq

18、uency50HZ1KHZ,humiditymeasurementrangeof0100%RH,workingtemperaturerangeis050C,impedancein75%RH(25C)for1MQ.Thesensorisusedtoswitchthesensor,notonthewidebandrangedetectionhumidity,therefore,mainlyforthejudgmentorundermorethane.humiditylevel.However,thesensortoacertainrange,haveagooduseofthelinear,andc

19、anbeeffectivelyusingthelinearcharacteristics.Schemeii:theHS1100/HS1101humiditysensor.HS1100/HS1101capacitancesensor,inacircuitofequivalenttoacapacitor,ithasthecapacityastheairhumidityincreaseswhile.Donotneedtocompleteinterchangeabilityofcalibration,highreliabilityandlong-termstability,fastresponseti

20、me,patentdesignofsolidpolymerstructure,thetopcontact(HS1100)andlateralcontact(HS1101)twokindsofpackagingproducts,applytolinearoutputvoltageandfrequencyoutputtwocircuit,issuitableformakingautomaticassemblylineofthepluginandautomaticassemblyprocess,etc.Relativehumidityat1%-100%RHrange;Thecapacitytocha

21、ngeby16pF200pF,theerrorisnotmorethanplusorminus2%RH;Responsetimelessthan5S;Thetemperaturecoefficientis0.04pF/C.Visibleishigheraccuracy.Acomprehensivecomparisonofschemeandschemeii,planonealthoughmeettheprecisionandtherequirementsofthemeasurehumidityrange,butitslimitedtocertainscope,haveagooduseofthel

22、inear,andcanbeeffectivelyusingthelinearcharacteristics.Andstilldonothaveinthisdesignsystemoftemperature-30to50Crequest,sowechosethisdesignasthesecondschemehumiditysensor.MC14433A/DconverterMC14433isthreeandAhalfdoubleintegraltypeoftheA/Dconverter,withhighprecision,goodanti-jammingperformanceadvantag

23、es,itsshortcomingisconversionratelow,about1-10times/SEC.Withouttherequirementofhighspeedswitchingoccasions,forexample,inlowspeeddataacquisitionsystem,iswidelyused.MC14433Aa/Dconverteranddomesticproduct5G14433areallthesame,canbeinterchanged.TheresearchsignificanceThecollectionoftemperatureandhumidity

24、monitoringindailylifehasawiderangeofUSES,thetemperatureandhumiditymonitorbasedonthisanddesign,thebiggestadvantageisthatitcandisplaythecurrenttemperatureandhumiditymeasurement,andthecurrenttemperatureandpresettemperaturecarriesonthecomparison,morethanwhenthecurrenttemperatureandhumiditypresettemperat

25、urealarm,realizethehistoricaldatamonitoring,collectionandanalysispurposes.Thetemperatureandhumiditymonitoringalarmlowpowerconsumption,canusetheminimalresourcefordifferenttemperatureforhighprecisionmeasurement,reliableperformance,convenientoperationinformation,complexworkthroughsoftwareprogrammingtoc

26、omplete,easytogetresults,inactualusefortheidealeffect.Thisdesignhasrealizedtothereal-timecontrolofthetemperature,flexiblecontrolprecisionandreliability,high,canmeettheproductpreliminarytesttherequirementsoftheaging.Intheprocessingofconstanttemperatureandheatingtemperature,formedacompletesetofcontrol

27、plan,cantransplantationforconstanttemperature,heatingthehouseandequipmentmanyaspects.Therefore,thisdesignresearchresultsandthedesignideacanbegoodinotherdesigntransplantation,diditandtheactualgoodunion,withstrongpracticalsignificance.譯文單片機(jī)及溫濕度傳感器的發(fā)展單片機(jī)誕生于20世紀(jì)70年代末，經(jīng)歷了SCM、MCU、SOC三大階段。SCM即單片微型計(jì)算機(jī)(Singl

28、eChipMicrocomputer)階段，主要是尋求最佳的單片形態(tài)嵌入式系統(tǒng)的最佳體系結(jié)構(gòu)?！皠?chuàng)新模式”獲得成功，奠定了SCM與通用計(jì)算機(jī)完全不同的發(fā)展道路。MCU即微控制器(MicroControllerUnit)階段，主要的技術(shù)發(fā)展方向是：不斷擴(kuò)展?jié)M足嵌入式應(yīng)用時(shí)，對(duì)象系統(tǒng)要求的各種外圍電路與接口電路，突顯其對(duì)象的智能化控制能力。單片機(jī)是嵌入式系統(tǒng)的獨(dú)立發(fā)展之路，向MCU階段發(fā)展的重要因素，就是尋求應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)在芯片上的最大化解決；因此，專用單片機(jī)的發(fā)展自然形成了SOC化趨勢(shì)。隨著微電子技術(shù)、IC設(shè)計(jì)、EDA工具的發(fā)展，基于SOC的單片機(jī)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)會(huì)有較大的發(fā)展。溫度是一個(gè)基本的物理量，自

29、然界中的一切過(guò)程無(wú)不與溫度密切相關(guān)。溫度傳感器是最早開發(fā)，應(yīng)用最廣的一類傳感器。從17世紀(jì)初人們開始利用溫度進(jìn)行測(cè)量。溫度傳感器有四種主要類型：熱電偶、熱敏電阻、電阻溫度檢測(cè)器(RTD)和IC溫度傳感器。IC溫度傳感器又包括模擬輸出和數(shù)字輸出兩種類型。接觸式溫度傳感器的檢測(cè)部分與被測(cè)對(duì)象有良好的接觸，又稱溫度計(jì)。溫度計(jì)通過(guò)傳導(dǎo)或?qū)α鬟_(dá)到熱平衡，從而使溫度計(jì)的示值能直接表示被測(cè)對(duì)象的溫度。一般測(cè)量精度較高。在一定的測(cè)溫范圍內(nèi)，溫度計(jì)也可測(cè)量物體內(nèi)部的溫度分布。但對(duì)于運(yùn)動(dòng)體、小目標(biāo)或熱容量很小的對(duì)象則會(huì)產(chǎn)生較大的測(cè)量誤差，常用的溫度計(jì)有雙金屬溫度計(jì)、玻璃液體溫度計(jì)、壓力式溫度計(jì)、電阻溫度計(jì)、熱敏電

30、阻和溫差電偶等。非接觸式溫度傳感器的敏感元件與被測(cè)對(duì)象互不接觸，又稱非接觸式測(cè)溫儀表。這種儀表可用來(lái)測(cè)量運(yùn)動(dòng)物體、小目標(biāo)和熱容量小或溫度變化迅速(瞬變)對(duì)象的表面溫度，也可用于測(cè)量溫度場(chǎng)的溫度分布。1.AT89S52簡(jiǎn)介主要性能:與MCS-51單片機(jī)產(chǎn)品兼容、8K字節(jié)在系統(tǒng)可編程Flash存儲(chǔ)器、1000次擦寫周期、全靜態(tài)操作：OHz33Hz、三級(jí)加密程序存儲(chǔ)器、32個(gè)可編程I/O口線、三個(gè)16位定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器、八個(gè)中斷源、全雙工UART串行通道、低功耗空閑和掉電模式、掉電后中斷可喚醒、看門狗定時(shí)器、雙數(shù)據(jù)指針、掉電標(biāo)識(shí)符。功能特性描述:AT89S52是一種低功耗、高性能CMOS8位微控制器，

31、具有8K在系統(tǒng)可編程Flash存儲(chǔ)器。使用Atmel公司高密度非易失性存儲(chǔ)器技術(shù)制造，與工業(yè)80C51產(chǎn)品指令和引腳完全兼容。片上Flash允許程序存儲(chǔ)器在系統(tǒng)可編程，亦適于常規(guī)編程器。在單芯片上，擁有靈巧的8位CPU和在系統(tǒng)可編程Flash,使得AT89S52為眾多嵌入式控制應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)提供高靈活、超有效的解決方案。AT89S52具有以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)功能：8k字節(jié)Flash，256字節(jié)RAM，32位I/O口線，看門狗定時(shí)器，2個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)指針，三個(gè)16位定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器，一個(gè)6向量2級(jí)中斷結(jié)構(gòu)，全雙工串行口，片內(nèi)晶振及時(shí)鐘電路。另外，AT89S52可降至OHz靜態(tài)邏輯操作，支持2種軟件可選擇節(jié)電模式?？臻e模式下

32、，CPU停止工作，允許RAM、定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器、串口、中斷繼續(xù)工作。掉電保護(hù)方式下，RAM內(nèi)容被保存，振蕩器被凍結(jié)，單片機(jī)一切工作停止，直到下一個(gè)中斷或硬件復(fù)位為止。集成溫度傳感器AD590集成溫度傳感器AD590,其溫度分辨率為0.3攝氏度。AD590輸出的是模擬信號(hào)，當(dāng)溫度為0度時(shí)，輸出電流273.2微安，并且電流變化量與溫度變化量呈線性關(guān)系，溫度每變化一度，輸出電流變化1微安，該溫度傳感器的工作溫度范圍是-30度150度。如采用AD590作溫度傳感器，傳感器外圍電路比較簡(jiǎn)單，只需將采樣電阻與AD590連接，然后對(duì)信號(hào)進(jìn)行放大，再采用電壓比較器對(duì)輸出電壓進(jìn)行比較，電壓比較器輸出信號(hào)可直接作為PLC的輸入信號(hào)。濕度傳感器測(cè)量空氣濕度的方式很多，其原理是根據(jù)某種物質(zhì)從其周圍的空氣吸收水分后引起的物理或化學(xué)性質(zhì)的變化，間接地獲得該物質(zhì)的吸水量及周圍空氣的濕度電容式、電阻式和濕漲式濕敏原件分別是根據(jù)其高分子材料吸濕后的介電常數(shù)、電阻率和體積隨之發(fā)生變化而進(jìn)行濕