汽車轉向系統(tǒng)的歷史外文文獻翻譯、中英文翻譯、外文翻譯

1、 汽車轉向系統(tǒng)的歷史汽車轉向系統(tǒng)在車輛系統(tǒng)中是最基礎的系統(tǒng)，駕駛員通過方向盤操縱和控制汽車的行駛方向，從而實現(xiàn)了他的行駛意圖。100多年里，汽車行業(yè)中機械和電子技術的發(fā)展。如今，汽車已經不是純粹的機械，它是機械、電子和其他材料等的綜合產品。汽車產業(yè)的轉向系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展，經過了漫長的變革。傳統(tǒng)的轉向系統(tǒng)是機械轉向系統(tǒng)，汽車的方向盤通過試點，通過這樣一系列的機械零件使方向盤實現(xiàn)偏轉，從而實現(xiàn)轉向的控制。由于在 20世紀 50年代，液壓助力轉向系統(tǒng)在汽車上的應用，標志著轉向系統(tǒng)又進入一個新的開始。汽車轉向系統(tǒng)的動力源從人力轉變?yōu)橐簤褐D向。轉向系統(tǒng)增加了液壓助力器，高壓鈉燈（液壓助力轉向）是基于機械和

2、液壓系統(tǒng)。液壓系統(tǒng)和發(fā)動機，發(fā)動機開始時一部分是汽車發(fā)動機的功率，另一部分的功率是液壓系統(tǒng)的動能。由于其工作可靠，成熟的技術已被廣泛使用。轉向系統(tǒng)的主要特點是流體的壓力，減少駕駛員在方向盤的支持，提高了轉向燈和自動運行的穩(wěn)定性。但同時，也有一些液壓動力系統(tǒng)的缺陷。針對汽車設計和制造，完成后的車輛轉向動態(tài)特性無法改變。其直接后果是，在低功率時汽車的部分的動力特性可以得到很好的發(fā)揮，但在高速期間有良好的方式來檢測，因為是不可調整的動力特性，沒有更好的方式驅動，當動力學特征高功率時，而不是非常善于低段的效果好。如果沒有看準車輛的液壓系統(tǒng)，還必須是發(fā)動機驅動。因此，能源消耗提高燃油發(fā)動機，現(xiàn)有的液壓油

3、泄漏問題不僅污染環(huán)境，容易到其他組件，針對氣溫低，液壓系統(tǒng)的性能較差。近年來，隨著電子技術的廣泛應用，轉向系統(tǒng)也越來越多地使用電子設備。變成電子控制系統(tǒng)，因此，相應的出現(xiàn)了電動助力轉向系統(tǒng)。電液動力轉向可以分為兩大類：電動液壓轉向系統(tǒng)（電液壓動力 - EHPS）和電動液壓轉向，電控 ECHPS轉向（液壓助力轉向）。電動液壓助力轉向系統(tǒng)是在液壓系統(tǒng)的液壓助力系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展的基礎上，不同的是，在液壓系統(tǒng)動力源的電動液壓動力系統(tǒng)，但不是由汽車發(fā)動機電機驅動液壓系統(tǒng)，節(jié)約能源和減少發(fā)動機的燃料消耗。電動液壓轉向是發(fā)展的基礎是在傳統(tǒng)的液壓助力系統(tǒng)，不同的是，電動液壓助力轉向系統(tǒng)是電子控制裝置的增加。電子控制

4、單元根據(jù)轉向速率，高速自動液壓系統(tǒng)的運行參數(shù)，在不同速度的液壓助力的大小從而實現(xiàn)變化動態(tài)1 特性。但在電機驅動的液壓系統(tǒng)，反過來，電機可以停止轉動，從而降低能源消耗。雖然電液動力轉向系統(tǒng)、液壓轉向，克服了缺點。但由于液壓系統(tǒng)的存在，它存在液壓油泄漏問題和電動助力轉向系統(tǒng)，使電機驅動系統(tǒng)更復雜的成本和可靠性。為了避免電動液壓轉向系統(tǒng)，電動助力轉向系統(tǒng)的電力轉向系統(tǒng)（ EPS）現(xiàn)在應該出現(xiàn)。它與各種助力轉向系統(tǒng)，電動助力轉向系統(tǒng)最大的區(qū)別在于有沒有液壓系統(tǒng)。液壓助力轉向系統(tǒng)由電機產生的。一般電力轉向系統(tǒng)由扭矩傳感器和微處理器，電機等的基本原理是：當駕駛員轉動方向盤傳動軸旋轉，安裝旋轉軸扭矩傳感器和

5、扭矩信號轉換成電信號微處理器，微處理器的速度和扭矩信號的其他車輛的運行參數(shù)的基礎上，根據(jù)設定的程序，在處理權力電機助力的方向和大小的助推器。自 1988 年以來，首次在日本鈴木 Cervo 的汽車裝備轉向系統(tǒng)，動力轉向系統(tǒng)被廣泛認可的人。轉向系統(tǒng)主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：動力轉向系統(tǒng)可以提供不同的速度下的動態(tài)特性的不同。在低的道路，轉向增加更多的光線，減少在高速轉向，甚至為了改善道路增加受潮。動力轉向系統(tǒng)僅在轉向電機工作，提供電源以減少能源消耗。由電池供電的電動助力轉向系統(tǒng)電機，所以不能在發(fā)動機工作的工作條件下。電動助力轉向系統(tǒng)液壓相比液壓助力系統(tǒng)和自動裝配系統(tǒng)，不應該。和電動助力轉向系統(tǒng)，可以

6、改變的助推器方案的微處理器算法，簡單的動態(tài)特性的變化。科學技術的發(fā)展正在改變傳統(tǒng)的轉向系統(tǒng)，轉向控制（四輪轉向），打開傳導機制。但是，思想的火花總能帶來意外的驚喜！電子轉向系統(tǒng) SBW 的督導（線），改變微控制器的三個最傳統(tǒng)的概念，它被替換的轉向傳動機構，分為兩部分的三個最。電子助力轉向系統(tǒng)，是技術最先進的汽車轉向系統(tǒng)。它主要由轉向控制模塊，執(zhí)行模塊和微控制器三個模塊。轉向控制模塊的主要功能以扭矩的驅動程序的意圖傳感器檢測，并以檢測巴士信號（包括旋轉方向和轉速等）微控制器，微控制器的信號的基礎上，和速度反饋控制模塊是方向盤的司機，可以感受到道路。但是，這是方式是虛擬的發(fā)展，根據(jù)測試數(shù)據(jù)的集成形

7、成了“經驗”，并在微控制器的形式固化過程的方式。所以它的速度轉向扭矩率的大小和一些對應關系。轉向角傳感器和執(zhí)行機構包括轉向電機，轉向電機控制器等，它的功能為基礎的微控制器上的控制命令，驅動電機旋轉角度來執(zhí)行，完成行動。此外，旋轉角度傳感器監(jiān)測和反饋，微控制器，形成一個完整的精確的閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)，轉向運動的大小。微控制器是電子助力轉向系統(tǒng)的核心。它接收信號檢測、處理、發(fā)送相應的控制信號。由于微控制器更換轉向傳導機制，因此機械系統(tǒng)組件之間的連接減少了響應的響應2 速度和準確性。傳輸控制軟件編程的任何設置和其他設備，如 ABS，自動導航設備。傳輸機制減少汽車內飾帶來了更大的空間，給更有趣的游樂設施。轉

8、向行為可以記錄并保存在軟件，可以幫助進一步完善后轉向控制策略的 EEPROM，甚至可以提供交通事故證據(jù)。汽車的安全問題一直是公眾關注的焦點。轉向系統(tǒng)和照明系統(tǒng)可以提供更好的安全性在夜間交通。頁上面顯示，傳統(tǒng)的照明系統(tǒng)是前線的照射下，車輛和行人在角落的車輛，如果司機將很難找到在角落里，行人的交通意外。如果照明系統(tǒng)與轉向系統(tǒng)相結合，如上圖，當司機在方向盤角度的權利有權改變輕，更廣泛的照明反過來，照明以便在更廣泛的行人路的拐角處，很容易被發(fā)現(xiàn)。目前的照明技術，在中檔雪鐵龍凱旋、豐田佳美。目前，電子助力轉向系統(tǒng)的可靠性和成本，阻礙了發(fā)展。如果微控制器的主要問題表現(xiàn)，轉向系統(tǒng)將徹底失敗，其不喜歡的電動助

9、力轉向系統(tǒng)和電動液壓助力轉向系統(tǒng)的電機或液壓系統(tǒng)，也可出現(xiàn)與人類的問題時，以控制汽車。微控制器的電子助力轉向系統(tǒng)的故障，因為沒有機械系統(tǒng)可以連接到方向盤和轉向，因此無法控制汽車。但仍然是，盡管電子轉向系統(tǒng)是未來的發(fā)展方向?，F(xiàn)代汽車轉向裝置的設計趨勢。1.1 自動高速的需要從光操縱穩(wěn)定和安全的角度是汽車制造廣泛使用更先進的技術，使用高剛性轉向齒輪比轉向?！氨群透邉傂?，是目前世界生產轉向結構。充分考慮安全。1.2 可移植性汽車的速度增加，司機和乘客的安全，是非常重要的，在國內和國外許多汽車已普遍增加能量吸收裝置，如安全督導帶，防止碰撞，安全氣囊等并逐步推廣。從人體工程學的角度來看，操縱光有逐漸采用

10、可調轉向柱和動力轉向系統(tǒng)。1.3 成本低，油耗低，專業(yè)化的生產數(shù)量隨著國際經濟形勢，石油危機，經濟衰退，汽車生產越來越重視經濟，因此，設計成本低、油耗低、自動生產線實現(xiàn)大規(guī)模專業(yè)化生產的合理化。零配件制造尤其是轉向器的生產更加突出。1.4 汽車轉向器設備的舵機裝置，汽車上的計算機的發(fā)展方式?，F(xiàn)代汽車的轉向裝置的發(fā)展趨勢現(xiàn)代汽車的轉向裝置。2.1 使用動態(tài)隨著汽車行業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，轉向裝置的結構有很大的變化。從目前使用的流行的汽車轉向器結構，主要產品有：有四種類型的蠕蟲肖（參考），蝸輪（WR 型），循環(huán)球式（BS 型）和齒條和小齒輪（RP）。這四個轉向器，已被廣泛用在公交車上。據(jù)了解，在全世界范圍

11、自動循環(huán)球式轉向器 45，齒條和小齒輪轉向輪的 40左右，蝸桿舵機約為 10，5轉向其他類型。球式轉向器一直穩(wěn)步發(fā)展，在歐洲乘客，齒條和小齒輪轉向有很大的發(fā)展。日本的特點是汽車轉向器循環(huán)球式轉向器的比例越來越大，不同類型轉向器，總線循環(huán)球式轉向器已經從20 世紀 60 年代使用的各型汽車發(fā)3 動機，發(fā)展現(xiàn)代化的 62.5，100（蝸輪轉向齒輪組件，在公共汽車上已被淘汰。大型和小型貨車大都采用循環(huán)球式轉向器齒條和小齒輪轉向器，也有發(fā)展。圓形的微型客貨車球式轉向器 65，35的機架和小齒輪。產品品種的綜合運用，得出以下結論：球式轉向器。流通齒條和小齒輪轉向齒輪組件，已成為世界上兩個主要的汽車轉向器

12、，蝸桿蝸輪式轉向器，舵機組件被淘汰或保留較小的地位。在舵機客運的發(fā)展，不同的是，美國和日本重點發(fā)展循環(huán)球式轉向器，比率已達到或超過 90，西部大開發(fā)的關鍵是機架和小齒輪轉向齒輪組件的比例，超過法國 50，有 95以上。齒輪齒條和小齒輪轉向組件的應用程序（包括客運和貨運的旅行車或小）的發(fā)展突飛猛進，大型車輛循環(huán)球式轉向器的主要結構的小型車的優(yōu)勢。2.2 周期球式轉向器流通的特點是：效率高，操作輕，順利控制力特性曲線，裝飾方便特別適用于大，中型車輛和動力轉向系統(tǒng)，易轉移的信號，高效率，返回良好的推力液壓助力裝置，以及行動。實現(xiàn)的比例，滿足操縱可移植性的要求。中間位置迫使小，通常用于敏感，因此，在附

13、近的小的中間位置，以提高靈敏度比。大角度的位置，但使用電阻，所以更少大角度的位置，加快減少迫使。由于循環(huán)球式轉向器，可實現(xiàn)比例，越來越廣泛的應用。通過大量的鋼材軋制，聯(lián)系提供強制有實力和良好的耐磨性和舵機可以設計等，是機械結構是其廣泛應用的原因之一。變結構比、剛度，特別適合高速車輛高。在高速需要一個更好的穩(wěn)定高速的車輛，必須確保高剛度轉向。齒條齒扇副磨損后間隙調整，使有適當?shù)霓D向齒輪傳動的差距，從而改善生活，但也舵機轉向的優(yōu)點。轉向器生產在中國，除了早期蠕蟲解放牌的汽車生產，四輪轉向與蠕蟲肖齒輪組件，東風汽車轉向器組件，其他大多數(shù)機型采用循環(huán)球式結構，并具有一定的生產經驗。目前，東風積極開發(fā)周

14、期，并在第二桓興球式轉向器上廣泛使用的球式轉向器。因此，我們的產品質量生產周期是在球式轉向器發(fā)展。230 重定向專門生產外國球式轉向器循環(huán)實現(xiàn)專業(yè)化生產，培訓，測試和研究，大大提高產品的質量和產量。在日本精工（ NSK的）成本低，質量好，產量，日本市場并逐步向銷售其產品。德國 ZF 公司的循環(huán)球式轉向器公司還作為一個大的舵機列車從 1948 年到開始生產各種型號的轉向器，采埃孚轉向 200 萬。一些較大的轉向器制造商，美國薩吉諾分公司，德爾福英國BURM，公司是專業(yè)生產廠家，擁有大型的生產和銷售的專業(yè)化已經成為一種趨勢。只有走這條道路，使高品質的產品，生產，成本低，在市場上的競爭力。4 2.4

15、 動力轉向系統(tǒng)是發(fā)展方向動力轉向系統(tǒng)的廣泛應用，不僅在沉重的公交車必須裝備，適用于高級轎車、中等的應用和普及。漸漸地，主要是從減輕駕駛員疲勞，提高操縱光與穩(wěn)定。雖然帶來更高的成本和結構復雜的問題，但由于明顯的優(yōu)勢，得到快速發(fā)展。動力轉向有三種形式:積分,安排和曼聯(lián)一半閥門類型動力轉向系統(tǒng)結構?，F(xiàn)在三種形式、快速發(fā)展,積分前軸重二手車,八噸前軸負載閥用于 5 # 0;18噸汽車,超過一半的前軸負載部門為作者的車。從發(fā)展趨勢看，在國外發(fā)展較快，但整體舵機積分轉向器臨時閥門結構是發(fā)展的方向。5 Auto steering system development historySteering syst

16、em is necessary in vehicle system is the basic system, driver through thesteering wheel to manipulate and control cars direction of travel, so as to realize the intentionof his driving.For more than 100 years, automobile industry with mechanical and electronic technologydevelopment and progress. Tod

17、ay, the car is not purely mechanical sense of a car, it is themechanical, electronic, materials and other comprehensive product. Steering system with thedevelopment of the car industry after the long evolution.The traditional steering system is mechanical steering system, automotive steering wheel,b

18、y pilot control through such a series of mechanical parts steering wheel to realize thedeflection, so as to realize the steering.As in the 1950s, hydraulic power steering system in automotive applications, marked thebeginning of steering system. Sources of power steering by previous human to human a

19、ndhydraulic booster.Hydraulic booster HPS (Hydraulic Power Steering) is in the Steering system based on themechanical and Hydraulic system increased a. The hydraulic system and the engine, when thegeneral part of the engine starts, provide automobile engine power forward, another part ofthe kinetic

20、energy of hydraulic system for power. Due to its reliable work, mature technologystill has been widely used. The steering system of the main characteristic is the fluid pressure,reduce drivers support in the steering wheel, improved the steering light and auto operationstability.But at the same time

21、, there are also some hydraulic power system flaw:Aiming at vehicle design and manufacture, after the completion of the vehicle steeringdynamical characteristics cannot change. The direct consequence is that when the dynamicalcharacteristics in low power, car in low segment can get very good, but in

22、 high-speed periodhas good way to sense, because cannot adjust dynamical characteristics, no better way drivers,When the dynamical characteristics in high power, not very good at low segment tprompt6 effect.If not, aiming to vehicle hydraulic system must also be in the engine driving. As a result,th

23、e energy consumption, increase fuel engine,Existing hydraulic oil leakage problems should not only to environmental pollution, and easyto other components.Aiming at low temperatures, hydraulic system performance is poor.In recent years, with the electronic technology in the wide application, steerin

24、g system alsomore and more used electronic devices. Turn into the electronic control system, therefore, thecorresponding appeared electrohydraulic power steering system. Electrohydraulic PowerSteering can be divided into two categories: electric Hydraulic Steering system (ElectroHydraulic Power - th

25、e EHPS) and electric Hydraulic Steering Electronically ControlledECHPS Steering (Hydraulic Power Steering). Electric hydraulic steering system is inhydraulic power system on the basis of the development of hydraulic booster systems, anddifferent is, electric hydraulic power system of power sources i

26、n the hydraulic system, but notby motor engine motor drive hydraulic system, save energy and reduce the engine fuelconsumption. Electric hydraulic steering is in traditional hydraulic booster systems on thebasis of the development, the difference is that the electric hydraulic steering system,electr

27、onic control devices increased. The electronic control unit can according to the steeringrate, speed auto operation parameters of hydraulic system, change the size of the hydraulicbooster at different speeds, so as to realize the change, dynamical characteristics. But underthe motor drive hydraulic

28、system, in turn, motor can stop turning, thereby reducing energyconsumption.Although electrohydraulic power steering system of hydraulic steering overcomes thedrawbacks. But due to the existence of hydraulic system, it exists the hydraulic oil leakageproblem, and electrohydraulic power steering syst

29、em, introduced motor drive system is morecomplex, costs and reliability.In order to avoid Electric hydraulic Steering system, Electric Power Steering system ofElectric Power Steering (EPS) should now. It with all sorts of steering system, the biggestdifference lies in the electric power steering sys

30、tem has no hydraulic system. Originally7 produced by hydraulic steering system by motor. Electric power steering system of general bythe torque sensor and microprocessor, motor, etc. The basic principle is: when the driverturned the steering wheel drive shaft rotation, to install in the rotation axe

31、s of the torquesensor and torque signal into electrical signals to microprocessors, microprocessor based onspeed and torque signal other vehicles running parameters, according to the set procedures inthe treatment of that power motors booster direction and the size of the booster. Since 1988,the fir

32、st in Japan suzuki Cervo car to equip the steering system, power steering system iswidely recognized by the people.Steering system is mainly embodied in the following aspects:A power steering system can provide different at different speeds under the dynamicalcharacteristics. In the low road, steeri

33、ng, to increase more light, At high speed reducedsteering, even in order to improve the road are increased to damp.A power steering system only in steering motors to work, to provide power, so as to reduceenergy consumption.A motor, so by battery-powered electric power steering system can notwork in

34、 engine under the condition of the work.Electric power steering system should not hydraulic system, compared with hydraulicbooster systems and automated assembly. And electric power steering system can change thebooster program microprocessor algorithm, easy dynamical characteristics of the change.T

35、he development of science and technology is changing, the traditional steering system ofsteering control (wheel steering), and turn of transmission mechanism. But the thought of thespark can always bring surprise! Electronic Steering system SBW Steering (to the Wire) waschanged to the traditional co

36、ncept of three most with micro-controller, it was replaced By theSteering transmission mechanism, the three most into two parts. Electronic steering system isthe most advanced and automotive steering system of technology. It mainly consists ofsteering control module, to execute module and micro cont

37、roller three modules.Steering control modules main function is to torque sensor detection by the driver intention,and to detect signal (including rotation direction and rotational speed, etc) by bus to microcontroller, and micro controller based on the signal, and speed feedback control module is as

38、teering wheel to make drivers, can feel road. But this is the way, is the development of8 virtual according to test data of integrated, formed experience, and by way of curing processin the form of micro controller. So it is with speed, turning to the size of the torque rate andsome corresponding re

39、lation.Steering Angle sensor and actuator including steering motors, steering motor controller etc.It is the function of micro controller based on the control command, drive motor rotationAngle to execute, complete to action. Also the size of the rotation Angle sensor monitoringand feedback to micro

40、 controller, forming a complete accurate closed-loop control system,steering movement.Micro controller is the core of electronic steering system. It is receiving signal detection,processed send corresponding control signal.Due to the micro controller replaced steering transmission mechanism, thus me

41、chanicalconnection between components of the system, reduce the response speed and the accuracy ofthe response. And to turn strategy, transmission control software programming any Settings,And other equipment, such as ABS, automatic navigation equipment. Transmissionmechanism of reducing brings a bi

42、gger car interior space, give rides more fun. And turningbehavior can be recorded, save in software that can help EEPROM after further perfecting thesteering control strategy, even can provide evidence for the traffic accident.Auto safety question has been the focus of public attention. Steering sys

43、tem and lightingsystem can give at night traffic better security. Page shown above, the traditional lightingsystem is the vehicle to the front line irradiation, vehicles and pedestrians in corners if driverswill be hard to find in the corner, pedestrians traffic accidents. If the lighting system com

44、binedwith the steering system, pictured above, when drivers in the steering wheel to the right of thesteering wheel Angle, light with the right to change, the more wide illumination turn, lighting,so in a broader range of pedestrian road corner will easily be found. Currently the lightingtechnology

45、has in the midrange Citroen triumph, Toyota camrys are used.At present, electronic steering system reliability and the cost is obstructed the development.If the micro controller is mainly manifested in the problem, steering system will completefailure, its not like electric power steering system and

46、 electric hydraulic steering system, inthe motor or hydraulic system, also can appear when problems with human to control cars.9 The micro-controller electronic steering system malfunction, because no mechanical systemscan be connected to the steering wheel and steering, therefore impossible to cont

47、rol of the car.But despite the electronic steering system is still the future development direction of steeringsystem.Auto 1.1 high-speed need,From the manipulation of light, the stability and security ofAngle, automobile manufacturing widely used more advanced technology, using high rigidity,steeri

48、ng gear ratios steering. Ratios and high rigidity is currently the world production ofsteering structure.Fully considering safety, 1.2 portability,Auto speed increase, with the driver andpassengers safety is very important in many cars at home and abroad, has generally addenergy absorption devices,

49、such as safety steering belt prevent collisions, etc, the airbag, andgradually popularized. From the point of view of human engineering, manipulation of lighthas gradually adopts adjustable steering column and power steering system.130 low cost, low fuel consumption, specialized production quantitie

50、s,With theinternational economic situation, oil crisis recession, auto production seriously more and moreeconomical, therefore, to design the low cost, low fuel consumption, low cost, autoproduction line, realizing mass rationalization of specialized production. To spare partsmanufacturing, especial

51、ly the steering gear production, more outstanding.The computerized 1.4 automobile redirector device,The steering gear device, car on theway to the development of computers.2 the modern automobile steering device developmenttrend.The modern automobile steering device 2.1 using dynamicAlong with the r

52、apid development of the automotive industry, steering device structure hasgreat changes. Automobile redirector structure from the prevalence of currently used, themain products are: there are four types of worm shaw (reference), worm wheel (WR type),circulation ball type (BS type) and rack-and-pinio

53、n (RP). These four redirector, has beenwidely used in the bus.As we have learned, in the world scope, auto cycle ball type redirector 45%,rack-and-pinion steering wheel around 40%, worm around 10% of steering gear, other typesof steering 5%. Ball type redirector cycle has been steady development. In

54、 Western Europe in10 the passenger, rack-and-pinion steering have very big development. Japan is characteristic ofautomobile redirector circular ball type redirector proportion is more and more big, theJapanese equipment of different types of each type of automobile engine, using different typeredir

55、ector, used in the bus cycle of ball type redirector, already from the 1960s, thedevelopment of modern 62.5% 100% (worm wheel steering gear-component on the bus hasbeen eliminated. Large and small trucks are mostly using circular ball type redirectorrack-and-pinion steering gear, but also the develo

56、pment. Mini vans with circular ball typeredirector 65%, rack-and-pinion 35%.The comprehensive use of varieties of products, the following conclusions:Ball type redirector. Circulation rack-and pinion steering gear-component with, has becomethe worlds two major automobile redirector, And worm # 0; Wo

57、rm and worm type redirectorshaw, steering gear-component is eliminated or retain smaller status.In view of the development of steering gear passenger is different, the United States andJapan focus on developing circular ball type redirector, ratio have reached or more than 90%,Western development is

58、 key rack-and pinion steering gear-component ratio, more than 50%,France has 95%.Rack-and pinion steering gear-component with the advantages of small car in theapplication (including passenger and freight station wagon or small) development by leapsand bounds, And large vehicles to cycle for the mai

59、n structure of the ball type redirector.The ball type redirector. Circulation characteristics are: high efficiency, manipulation oflight, a smooth control force characteristic curve.Decorate convenient Especially suitable for large and medium-sized vehicles and powersteering system with, Easy to tra

60、nsfer the signal, High efficiency, return good thrust hydraulicbooster device, and the actions as well.To realize the ratios, satisfy the requirements of manipulating portability. Intermediateposition to force is small, and often used to sensitive, therefore, request to intermediateposition near the