前后一致主謂一致+代詞指代一致yo16

1、前后一致AGREEMENTTOC o 1-5 h z主謂一致1特殊名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)1主謂很近1主語，插入語，謂語1主語of/for/withn謂語，從前不從后2主語謂語1and謂語2,兩個謂語單復(fù)一致，都是跟隨主語2代詞指代一致2It第一次出現(xiàn)卻沒有指代對象-錯選的特征2代詞指代不明確（指代對象有多個）難點3指代單復(fù)數(shù)4指代用詞不準(zhǔn)確5主謂一致特殊名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)OG12-77Theonlywayforgrowerstosalvagefrozencitrusistohaveitquicklyprocessedintojuiceconcentratebeforewarmerweatherreturnsa

2、ndrotsthefruitOG12-80AreportbytheAmericanAcademyfortheAdvancementofSciencehasconcludedthatmanyofthecurrentlyuncontrolleddioxinstowhichNorthAmericansareexposedcomefromtheincinerationofwastes.OG12-5Diabetes,togetherwithitsseriouscomplications,ranksasthenationsthirdleadingcauseofdeath,surpassedonlybyhe

3、artdiseaseandcancer.主謂很近OG12-2Althoughasurgeinretailsaleshasraisedhopesthatarecoveryisfinallyunderway,manyeconomistssaythatwithoutalargeamountofspendingtherecoverymightnotlast.OG12-13Asurgeinnewhomesalesandadropinweeklyunemploymentclaimssuggestthattheeconomymightnotbeasweakassomeanalystspreviouslyth

4、ought.OG12-55Manyhousebuildersofferrent-to-buy_programsthatenableafamilywithinsufficientsavingsforaconventionaldownpaymenttomoveintonewhousingandtoapplypartoftherenttoapurchaselater.OG12-129CajunsspeakadialectbroughttosouthernLouisianabythe4,000Acadianswhomigratedtherein1755;theirlanguageisbasically

5、seventeenth-centuryFrenchtowhichEnglish,Spanish,andItalianwordshavebeenadded主語四種語言，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)主語，插入語，謂語OG12-12Risinginventories,ifnotaccompaniedbycorrespondingincreasesinsales,canleadtoproductioncutbacksthatwouldhampereconomicgrowth.OG12-68Thefirsttrenchescutintoa500-acresiteatTellHamoukar,Syria,haveyield

6、edstrongevidencethatcentrallyadministeredcomplexsocietiesinnorthernregionsoftheMiddleEastarosesimultaneouslywithbutindependentlyofthemorecelebratedcity-statesofsouthernMesopotamia,inwhatisnowsouthernIraq.（社會）和那些著名的美索不達(dá)米亞南部的城邦同時但獨立地興起，也就是在現(xiàn)在伊拉克南部。OG12-95Thepeaksofamountainrange,actinglikerocksinastre

7、ambed,produceripplesintheairflowingoverthem;theresultingflowpattern,withcrestsandtroughsthatremainstationaryalthoughtheairthatformsthemismovingrapidly,isknownas“standingwaves.主語of/for/withn謂語，從前不從后OG12-33Becauseanoversupply_ofcomputerchipshassentpricesplunging,themanufacturerhasannouncedthatitwillcu

8、tproductionbyclosingitsfactoriesfortwodaysamonth.錯選：becauseofplungingpricesforcomputerchips,whichisduetoanoversupply，這里which修飾prices,里面要用areOG12-60Whileallstatesfacesimilarindustrialwasteproblems,thepredominantindustriesandtheregulatoryenvironmentofeachstateobviouslydeterminethetypesandamountsofwast

9、eproduced,aswellasthecostofdisposal.OG12-78Fossilsofthearmofasloth,foundinPuertoRicoin1991,havebeendatedat34millionyearsold,makingthesloththeearliestknownmammalontheGreaterAntillesIslandsOG12-27Paleontologistsbelievethatfragmentsofaprimatejawbone(unearthedinBurmaandestimatedtobe40to44millionyearsold

10、)provideevidenceofacrucialstepalongthevolutionarypaththatledtohumanbeings.OG12-133LastweeklocalshrimpersheldanewsconferencetotakesomecreditfortheresurgenceoftherareKempsridleyturtle,sayingthattheircompliancewithlawsrequiringturtle-excluderdevicesonshrimpnetsisprotecting_adultseaturtles.主語謂語1and謂語2，兩

11、個謂語單復(fù)一致，都是跟隨主語OG12-66The32speciesthatmakeupthedolphinfamilyarecloselyrelatedtowhalesandinfactincludetheanimalknownasthekillerwhale,whichcangrowtobe30feetlongandisfamousforitsaggressivehuntingpods.OG12-126Theuseofliedetectorsisbasedontheassumptionthatlyingproducesemotionalreactionsinanindividual_that

12、,inturn,createunconsciousphysiologicalresponses.OG12-140Rocksamplestakenfromtheremainsofanasteroidabouttwicethesizeofthe6-mile-wideasteroid(thateradicatedthedinosaurs)_havebeendatedat3.47billionyearsoldandthusareevidenceoftheearliestknownasteroidimpactonEarth.代詞指代一致平行代詞指代一致，無論怎樣，代詞出現(xiàn)都不能破壞平行It第一次出現(xiàn)卻沒

13、有指代對象錯選的特征OG12-4Ofallthevasttidesofmigrationthathavesweptthroughhistory,perhapsnonewasmoreconcentratedthanthewavethatbrought12millionimmigrantsontoAmericanshoresinlittlemorethanthreedecades.錯選：perhaps/maybeitisnonethat.這里的it沒有指代任何東西，沒意義，去掉OG12-9LiketheBrontesandBrownings,JamesJoyceandVirginiaWoolfar

14、eoftensubjectedtothekindofvenerationthatblursthedistinctionbetweentheartistandthehumanbeing.錯選：asitisof.it第一次出現(xiàn)，不知道指代什么OG12-29Theendoftheeighteenthcenturysawtheemergenceofprize-stockbreeding,withindividualbullsandcowsreceivingawards,fetchingunprecedentedprices,andexcitingenormousinterestwheneverthey

15、wereputonshow.錯選：itexcited/ithadexcited這里it沒有指代對象，錯，而且破壞平行OG12-57Itcanhardlybesaidthateducatorsareatfaultfornotanticipatingtheimpactofmicrocomputertechnology:AlvinToffler,oneofthemostprominentstudentsofthefuture,didnotevenmentionmicrocomputersinFutureShock,publishedin1970.錯選：besaidthatitistheirfault

16、.it/besaidthatitisthefaultof.it這里it沒有指代對象OG12-71UnliketheoriginalNationalMuseumofScienceandTechnologyinItaly,wherethemodelsareencasedinglassoroperatedonlybystaffmembers,theVirtualLeonardoProject,anonlineversionofthemuseum,encouragesvisitorsto“toucheachexhibitandtherebyactivatetheanimatedfunctionsoft

17、hepiece.錯選Cexhibit,anditwillactivate這里的it沒有扌旨代對象，因為前面的touch是V的OG12-89century,butfinanciallystrainedtownshipspointoutthatdirtroadscosttwiceasmuchtomaintainaspavedroadsdo（tomaintaindirtroadsandpavedroads）錯選：Dmaintainingdirtroadscoststwiceasmuchasitdoesforpavedroads，這里的it沒有扌旨代對象代詞指代不明確（指代對象有多個）難點錯選的特征一

18、般代詞和指代對象之間不要離得太遠(yuǎn)，或者之間不要出現(xiàn)其他名詞，容易導(dǎo)致指代對象不明確代詞和指代對象中間不能有其他名詞（換位置）,或改成伴隨狀態(tài)/直接寫明去掉代詞（去it/they/one）當(dāng)出現(xiàn)“從句，主語”結(jié)構(gòu)時，注意從句的主語是誰，主句的主語和賓語位置變換會影響到從句的主語-從句和主句邏輯主語和語法主語要一致（換位置）OG12-6Inlate1997,thechambersinsidethepyramidofthePharaohMenkaureatGizawereclosedtovisitorsforcleaningandrepairbecausemoistureexhaledbytouri

19、stshadraisedthehumiditywithinthemtosuchlevelsthatsaltfromthestonewascrystallizingandfunguswasgrowingonthewalls.換位置C:becausetouristswereexhalingmoisture,whichhadraisedthehumiditywithinthemtolevelssuchthat其中which從句如果修飾的because從句（本身不對），就算可以這么修飾，其中的them變成指代tourists也改變了題意，變成游客提升了濕度。D:becauseofmoisturetha

20、twasexhaledbytouristsraisingthehumiditywithinthemtolevelsso其中raising.既可以修飾tourists也可以跳躍修飾moisture,如果是跳躍修飾需要加連接詞that/which，然后them變成指代tourists不對。E中them清晰指chambersOG12-121Salesofwinesdeclinedinthelate1980s,buttheybegantogrowagainafterthe1991reportthatlinkedmoderateconsumptionofalcohol,andparticularlyof

21、redwine,withareducedriskofheartdisease.錯選they在原句中指代sales，如果換了位置，并且前面出現(xiàn)大于一個的名詞時，就會出現(xiàn)修飾對象不明確的情況。排除BD.而且CEcausedthem這里的them離sales好遠(yuǎn)，容易指代錯誤代詞換位置OG12-23Oncedesignedwithitsweightconcentratedinametalcenter,thediscususedintrackcompetitionisnowlinedwithleadaroundtheperimeter,therebyimprovingstabilityinflight

22、andresultinginlongerthrows.錯選：文中的主語是discus，不是weight，而AB中第二句中主語it指的是weight，錯換位置OG12-58AleadingfigureintheScottishEnlightenment,AdamSmithwrotetwomajorbooksthataretodemocraticcapitalismwhatMarxsDasKapitalistosocialism.未劃線部分aleadingfigure指人，即Adam，所以ABC中緊跟著books錯誤換位置OG12-47Fivefledglingseaeagleslefttheir

23、nestsinwesternScotlandthissummer,bringingto34thenumberofwildbirdssuccessfullyraisedsincetransplantsfromNorwaybeganin1975.錯選：anditbrings/brought這里的it不知道是扌指代seaeagles還是Summer,nest反正扌指代不明確去itOG12-75Aproposalhasbeenmadetotrimthehornsfromrhinocerosestodiscouragepoachers;thequestionis_whethertouristswillc

24、ontinuetovisitgameparkstoseerhinocerosesoncetheanimalshornshavebeentrimmed.錯選：AB中aftertheirhornsare,這里的their可以指代RHINOCEROSES和TOURISTS,歧義,要直接說明。BE中seeone里面的one很曖昧。寫明對象，去oneOG12-78Fossilsofthearmofasloth,foundinPuertoRicoin1991,havebeendatedat34millionyearsold,makingthesloththeearliestknownmammalonthe

25、GreaterAntillesIslands寫明對象，去it錯選：代詞指代不明，因為sloth只是前面句子的賓語，所以后面指代時不能單純用it/this，要明確寫出sloth。OG12-101Beingheavilycommittedtoacourseofaction,especiallyonethathasworkedwellinthepast,islikelytomakeanexecutivemisssignsofincipienttroubleormisinterpretthemwhentheydoappear.錯選A中makesitlikelyto，這里的it可以扌指代executiv

26、e,courseofaction,不明確Ccourseofactionsigns.trouble,這里的it扌旨代也不明確去掉itOG12-102AsrainfallbegantodecreaseintheSouthwestaboutthemiddleofthetwelfthcentury,mostoftheMonumentValleyAnasaziabandonedtheirhomestojoinotherclanswhoseaccesstowaterwaslesslimited.Cwheretheyhad.they可以扌旨代mva或者otherclans去掉theyOG12-131Over

27、75percentoftheenergyproducedinFrancederivesfromnuclearpower,whereasnuclearpoweraccountsforjustover33percentoftheenergyproducedinGermany錯選：Ait可以指代france,nuclearpower,不明確；Eit可以指代Germany或者energy或者nuclearpower,不明確；排除去掉itOG12-112Ababyemergesfromthedarknessofthewombwitharudimentarysenseofvisionthatwouldbe

28、ratedabout20/500;anadultwithsuchvisionwouldbedeemedlegallyblind.錯選：Aasababaywithasenseofvision,it.,or.ifitwere.這里的兩個it邏輯上應(yīng)該都扌旨代baby,而語法上他們第二個扌旨代baby，第一個扌旨代senseofvision，所以錯去掉itOG12-7Asitssalesofcomputerproductshavesurpassedthoseofmeasuringinstruments,thecompanyhasbecomeincreasinglywillingtocompetefo

29、rthemassmarketsalesitwouldinthepasthaveconcededtorivals當(dāng)代詞和他所指代的名詞離得太遠(yuǎn)的時候，就會出現(xiàn)指代不明的錯誤。OG12-46InancientThailand,muchofthelocalartisanscreativeenergywasexpendedonthecreationofBuddhaimagesandon(constructionanddecoration)ofthetemplesinwhichtheywereenshrined.(這里they扌旨buddhaimages)OG12-103Yellowjacketsnum

30、beramongthe900orsospeciesoftheworldssocialwasps,(waspsthatliveinahighlycooperativeandorganizedsocietyconsistingalmostentirelyoffemales一thequeenandhersterilefemaleworkers.)括號內(nèi)的東西都在修飾wasps指代單復(fù)數(shù)OG12-30Formembersoftheseventeenth-centuryAshantinationinAfrica,animal-hideshieldswithwoodenframeswereessentia

31、litemsofmilitaryequipment,protectingwarriorsagainstenemyarrowsandspears.錯選：asamethod/protectiontoprotect這里items是復(fù)數(shù)，指代不能用單數(shù)amethod，錯OG12-32Galileowasconvincedthatnaturalphenomena,(asmanifestationsofthelawsofphysics,)wouldappearthesametosomeon(onthedeckofashipmovingsmoothlyanduniformlythroughthewater)

32、astoaperson(standingonland).這樣一個自然現(xiàn)象，對不管是在坐船在水面上滑行還是站在地面上不動的人來說，船表現(xiàn)都是一樣的。錯選：water,asitwouldtothe這里it不能指代phenomena，phenomena是復(fù)數(shù)OG12-91Nobodyknowsexactlyhowmanylanguagesthereareintheworld，partlybecauseofthedifficultyofdistinguishingbetweenalanguageandthesublanguagesordialectswithinit,butthosewhohavetr

33、iedtocounttypicallyhavefoundaboutfivethousand.注意distinguishingbetweenalanguageandthe.withinit，這里的sublanguagesanddialect是alanguage中的分支，所以within是withinalanguage，所以要用it。如果指代的是manylanguages，貝I用them。OG12-35Alongwiththedropinproducerpricesannouncedyesterday,thestrongretailsalesfiguresreleasedtodayseemtoin

34、dicatethattheeconomy,althoughgrowingslowly,isnotnearingarecession錯選：likeitisindicativethat，這里的like本身錯，就算對了，里面it指代salesfigures也錯，要變成theyOG12-124FoundthroughoutCentralandSouthAmerica,theslothhangsfromtreesbyitslongrubberylimbs,sleeping15hoursadayandmovingsoinfrequentlythattwospeciesofalgaegrowonitscoa

35、tandbetweenitstoes.女口果用復(fù)數(shù)人家以為指代treesOG12-1TheGlassHouseMountainsinQueensland,Australia,weresightedin1770bytheEnglishnavigatorCaptainJamesCook,whosonamedthemsupposedlybecausetheir_sheerwetrocksglistenedlikeglass.OG12-132Althoughtheterm“psychopathispopularlyappliedtoanespeciallybrutalcriminal,inpsycho

36、logyitreferstosomeonewhoisapparentlyincapableoffeelingcompassionorthepangsofconscience.OG12-73Combiningenormousphysicalstrengthwithhigherintelligence,theNeanderthalsappeartohavebeenequippedtofaceanyobstacletheenvironmentcouldputintheirpath,(前面只講了一種path，不用paths)buttheirrelativelysuddendisappearancedu

37、ringthePaleolithiceraindicatesthataninabilitytoadapttosomeenvironmentalchangeledtotheirextinction.OG12-40Dr.TonegawawontheNobelPrizefordiscoveringhowthebodycanconstantlychangeitsgenestofashion,seeminglyunlimitednumberofantibodies,eachtargetedspecificallyataninvadingmicrobeorforeignsubstance.OG12-85S

38、altdepositsandmoisturethreatentodestroytheMohenjo-DaroexcavationinPakistan,thesiteofanancientcivilizationthatflourishedatthesametimeasthecivilizationsintheNileDeltaandtherivervalleysoftheTigrisandEuphrates.劃線的that從句修飾civillizaion，代詞不能用復(fù)數(shù)those。OG12-139Thecompanyannouncedthatitsprofitsdeclinedmuchlessinthesecondquarterthananalystshadexpectedandthatitsbusinesswouldimproveinthesecondhalfoftheyear.錯選：it不能指代profits，要用復(fù)數(shù)they/them，排除Ahadexpecteditto;CEexpecteditwouldandhtatitwill;而且就算用了也累贅啊，想辦法避免。而且根據(jù)題意，本身expect的賓語就是analyst，再加上it或者they都不