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1、高中英語(yǔ)主謂一致 / 23專題十七主謂一致考點(diǎn)知識(shí)清單“一致 ”是指句子之間或詞語(yǔ)之間在人稱、 數(shù)、 性等方面保持的協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系。在英語(yǔ)中最主要的一致關(guān)系是主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間數(shù)的一致。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)一致,這就叫主謂一致。在判定一個(gè)句子主謂語(yǔ)是否一致時(shí), 要遵循下列三個(gè)原則: 語(yǔ)法一致、 意義一致和就近一致。 “語(yǔ)法一致 ”也就是平常說(shuō)的從語(yǔ)法形式上取得一致,即主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采用單數(shù)形式; 主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞亦為復(fù)數(shù)形式。 “意義一致 ”就是從意義著眼來(lái)處理主謂語(yǔ)一致問(wèn)題。有時(shí),主語(yǔ)形式為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞依意義而定,也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 “就近一致 ”是指

2、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)往往和其最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。知識(shí)梳理考點(diǎn)一 單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式,但是有些單數(shù)名詞形式卻含有復(fù)數(shù)意義,這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。1集合名詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致(1)集合名詞作主語(yǔ),如果表示整體概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如表示成員則用復(fù)數(shù)。常見的這部分名詞有: army, audience, class, club , committee , company, crowd , family , group , government , organization , party, personnel , public , staff, te

3、am, union , crew 等。如:Our football team is playing well. 我們的足球隊(duì)踢得很好。Our football team are having baths and are then coming back here for supper 我們的足球隊(duì)員們正在洗澡,然后將回到這吃晚飯。My family is very large 我的家庭很大。His family are waiting for him 他的家人在等他。The personnel are unhappy about these changes 所有職員者B對(duì)這些變革不滿意。注意

4、若以上集合名詞表示組成該集合體的分散個(gè)體時(shí), 與其對(duì)應(yīng)的人稱代詞也應(yīng)該使用 they , them 或 their 。如:My family did all they could for me 我的家人為我做了他們所能做的一切。The audi ence were waving their hands 觀眾都揮舞著他們的手。(2)但是有些集合名詞如: cattle, folk , people, police, poultry( 家禽 )等作主語(yǔ),總是跟復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞形式。如:The people hope to live a happy life 人民希望過(guò)上好日子。The police have

5、 caught the criminal 警察已經(jīng)逮捕了那個(gè)罪犯。Cattle feed on grass.牛以草為食。(3)有些表示某類別的總稱的集合名詞,如:machinery(機(jī)械),clothing(衣服),luggage(行李),furniture(家具),equipment(設(shè)備),jewelry(珠寶)等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。如:My luggage was sent by air 我的行李是航空郵寄的。The equipment of our factory is all imported from Britain 我們工廠的設(shè)備都是從英國(guó)進(jìn)口 的。The furnitu

6、re in my room is old now 現(xiàn)在我屋里的家具舊了。2單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ),要根據(jù)上下文的意義以及修飾這些詞的詞來(lái)確定其謂語(yǔ)形式。 常見的這部分名詞有aircraft , crossroads, deer, fish , headquarters。 means, series, sheep,species, works 等。如:The crossroads is/are dangerous. 這個(gè)(些)十字路口很危險(xiǎn)。Every means has been tried. 各種方法者B試過(guò)了。All possible means have

7、been tried 所有可能的方法都試過(guò)了。A steel works has just been built there 那兒剛建了一座鋼廠。Lots of aircraft were sent there 很多飛機(jī)被派往那兒。注意 fishes 表示 “各種各樣的魚”。3表示成雙成套的名詞,如:trousers, shoes, glasses, compasses 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:His black trousers are too long 他的黑褲子太長(zhǎng)。Your glasses are on your nose.你的眼鏡在你鼻梁上。若這類名詞與 pair 連用時(shí),謂

8、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往與 pair 一致。如:This pair of compasses is made in Beijing 這副圓規(guī)是北京制造的。A pair of glasses costs quite a lot now 現(xiàn)在一副眼鏡值很多錢。There are two pairs of gloves on the desk 桌上有兩副手套??键c(diǎn)二 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致1以“-s ”結(jié)尾的書刊名、國(guó)名、組織名作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致以 “-s ”結(jié)尾的書刊名、國(guó)名、組織名、游戲名、運(yùn)動(dòng)名(如 billiards 臺(tái)球)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如:Roots was a novel ab

9、out a slave family 根是一本有關(guān)奴隸家庭的小說(shuō)。Arabian Nights is full of interesting stories 一千零一夜充滿了有趣的故事。2.表示群島、瀑布、山脈等以-s”結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致表示群島、瀑布、山脈等以-s”結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)。如:The Philippines are in the Pacific Ocean 菲律賓群島位于太平洋。Rocky Mountains stand in the west of North America 落基山脈坐落在北美洲西部。3以 -ics 結(jié)尾的名詞的主謂一致以

10、 -ics 結(jié)尾的名詞指一門學(xué)科時(shí),常用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。但是,當(dāng)這些名詞表示實(shí)際內(nèi)容時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:economics 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)electronics 電子學(xué)physics 物理學(xué)politics 政治學(xué)mathematics 數(shù)學(xué)statistics 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)His politics were a matter of great concern to his friend 他的政治觀點(diǎn)是他的朋友關(guān)心的問(wèn)題。Politics is his favorite subject 政治學(xué)是他最喜歡的學(xué)科。Statistics show that approximately 40 perce

11、nt of all marriages in the United States end indivorce 統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字表明,大約百分之四十的美國(guó)人的婚姻以離婚而告終。Statistics is a subject that is difficult to learn 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)是一門很難學(xué)的課程。注意plastics(塑料)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞大都采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Plastics have taken the place of many materials now 如今塑料已取代了許多材料。plastics 表示 “塑料學(xué) ”時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能使用單數(shù)形式。如:Plastics is an im

12、portant branch of chemistry 塑料學(xué)是化學(xué)的一個(gè)重要分支。名詞 clothes, works(作著作”講),goods, contents, the Olympic Games 的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞律 律用復(fù)數(shù)。如:Clothes keep people warm 衣服使人保暖。His works have been translated into several foreign languages 他的著作已經(jīng)被翻譯成了好幾種外語(yǔ)。若表示 憶套衣服”,可用a suit of clothes。clothes不可與不定冠詞 a或數(shù)詞連用。若表示 “一部作品 ”用 a work,

13、“兩部作品 ”用 two works 。考點(diǎn)三 “名詞 (或代詞)+介詞短語(yǔ) ”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致1有時(shí)主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間插入一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ),該短語(yǔ)對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不產(chǎn)生影響。如:Several theories on this subject have been proposed關(guān)于這個(gè)學(xué)科的幾種理論已經(jīng)有人提出。The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly 對(duì)森林大火的危險(xiǎn)不可掉以輕心。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有with , together with , along with , accompanied by , like , in additi

14、on to ,as well as, as much as, more than , rather than, no less than, except, but , besides, including 等連接的詞組時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)不受這些詞語(yǔ)的影響。如:The rock singer , along with his bodyguard , was rushed away from the theater這位搖滾歌星被他的保鏢保護(hù)著迅速地跑出了劇院。Mr Robbins , accompanied by his wife and children , is arriving toni

15、ght 羅伯遜先生在夫人和孩子的陪伴下今晚到達(dá)。My license , rather than my credit cards , was lost是我的駕駛執(zhí)照而不是我的信用卡丟了。No one but your parents was there then 除了你的父母,當(dāng)時(shí)那里沒人。Mr Green besides his daughters likes sports 格林先生和他的女兒都喜歡體育。Tom , together with Mary and Alice , is going to swim this afternoon 湯姆,瑪麗和艾麗絲今天下午將一起去游泳。考點(diǎn)四 名詞

16、(或代詞)+of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致1由 “ some o,f plenty of , a lot of, lots of , most of , the rest of, all of , half of , part of , the remainder of 或分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+ 名詞 ”等短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與 of 后的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。一般來(lái)說(shuō),如果of 后面所接名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù);如果of 后面所接名詞為單數(shù)形式或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)就用單數(shù)形式。如:Most of the teachers are against the proposal.大部分教反對(duì)這個(gè)提

17、議。Some of the students are for the plan 有些學(xué)生贊同這個(gè)計(jì)劃。The rest of the lecture is dull 講座的其余部分是枯燥的。The rest of the bicycles are on sale today 剩余的自行車今天出售。Half of the apple is rotten 這個(gè)蘋果的一半腐爛變質(zhì)了。Half of the apples are rotten 這些蘋果有一半腐爛變質(zhì)了。A mass Masses of information has been revealed 大量的情報(bào)已被泄露出去了。A mass

18、Masses of books are kept in the library 圖書館里存放有很多的書。About one third of the books are worth reading. 大約三分之一的書值得一讀。Over 30 of the students were absent from the meeting 超過(guò)百分之三十的學(xué)生沒有參加這個(gè)會(huì)。Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea 地球表面的四分之三是海。Only 40 of the work was done yesterday 昨天只完成了百分之四十的工作。注

19、意 當(dāng)上面有些詞單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 其主謂語(yǔ)一致關(guān)系一般要遵循意義一致的原則。 如:All was silent 萬(wàn)籟俱寂。All were silent 大家都靜默著。Thirty people in my class are Arabs and the remainder are Canadians 我們班有 30 個(gè)學(xué)生是阿拉伯人,剩下的是加拿大人。All has been tried 一切都試過(guò)了。All are here now 大家都到齊了。注意 population 表示 “人口 ” ,即一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的居民數(shù)目,它作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。當(dāng)它前面有分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí), popul

20、ation 是指一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的全體居民,它作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但當(dāng)后面出現(xiàn)復(fù)數(shù)名詞與其呼應(yīng)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞最好用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:The population of Canada is about 29 million 加拿大的人口約為 2 900 萬(wàn)。Just under a third of the population now smokes smoke in this country 在這個(gè)國(guó)家目前吸煙人數(shù)不到總?cè)丝诘娜种弧bout eighty percent of the population of this country are peasants 這個(gè)國(guó)

21、家大約百分之八十的人口是農(nóng)民。2由 “ a kind o,f this kind of , many kinds of 和” “名詞 +of this kind 等,以及由與 ”kind 意義相似的 type , sort , form , part , piece, section 等構(gòu)成的類似短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of 前的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。如:A kind of birds has been discovered by them 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種鳥。A part of the book is not interesting 這本書里有一部分內(nèi)容沒趣。Parts of the book a

22、re very instructive 這本書有幾部分內(nèi)容很有教育意義。These are two different forms of the same thing 這些是同一事物兩種不同的形式。This kind of apples is highly priced. 種蘋果定價(jià)很高。Apples of this kind are highly priced 當(dāng) none of 后面接的是可數(shù)名詞時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)都可以; 如接的是不可數(shù)名詞,就只能用單數(shù)形式。但是當(dāng)either neither of.構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式 (在口語(yǔ)中也可視為復(fù)數(shù)) 。如:None

23、 of them is/are aware of the danger.他們中沒有人意識(shí)到那個(gè)危險(xiǎn)。None of the money was paid to me 連一分錢也沒有付給我。Either of the girls is Ann 那兩個(gè)女孩中有一個(gè)是安的姐姐。 s sisterNeither of them is going to give up the chance 他們兩個(gè)都不打算放棄那個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。當(dāng) “ a number of a variety ofvarieties of+ 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但the number。裱數(shù)目)和the variety

24、 of(表種類)等+可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 單數(shù)。如:A number of new houses have been built there 在那兒已建起許多新房子。There are a variety of goods on sale in the shop 那個(gè)商店出售各種各樣的商品。The number of the people who know the secret is very limited 知道這個(gè)秘密的人數(shù)很有限。The variety of goods on sale in the shop is surprising 那個(gè)商店商品的品種多得驚人。a larg

25、e amount of+5可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)?!?largemaounts of+ 不可數(shù)名詞 ”作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。“a large quantity of杯可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)?!癮 large quantity of短數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)常用復(fù)數(shù)。large quantities of不可數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)?!?a good great deal of+ 不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。A large amount of clean water is wasted every day 每天有大量干凈的水被浪費(fèi)掉。Vast amounts of mone

26、y are being invested in the local market 大量的資金投在當(dāng)?shù)氐氖袌?chǎng)上。Large quantities of beer are consumed in the city every year 這個(gè)城市每年要消費(fèi)大量的啤酒。A large quantity of money was spent on the bridge 很多錢花在建這座橋上。A large quantity of materials were spent on the building 建這個(gè)大樓耗費(fèi)了大量的建筑材料。A good deal of work has to be done

27、today 今天有大量的工作要做??键c(diǎn)五 由并列連詞連接的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致1由 and 或 both.and.連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),指的是復(fù)數(shù)概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式(不可數(shù)名詞同樣) 。如:Mr. and Mrs. Smith are engineers.史密斯夫婦是工程師。Fire and water do not agree 水火不相容。Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop ,店里出售咖啡和啤酒。注意 如果 and 連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人、 同一事物或同一概念, 則兩個(gè)名詞共用一 個(gè)冠詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù)。如:The te

28、acher and writer is her friend 這位教師兼作家是她的朋友。比較My friend and lawyer has caught a very bad cold 我的律師,同樣也是我的朋友,得了重感冒。My friend and my lawyer have caught a bad cold 我的朋友和我的律師兩人都得了重感冒。兩個(gè)名詞前都加冠詞或其他限定詞,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常作為一個(gè)整體概念來(lái)看待的組合有下面這些,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。bread and butter 黃油面包bread and cheese涂奶酪的面包a knife and fork 一副刀叉a

29、watch and chain 一只系有表帶的手表a cart and horse 一輛馬車needle and thread 針線law and order 法律和秩序Bread and butter is her favourite food. 黃油面包是她最喜歡吃的食物。Trial and error is the source of our knowledge 反復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)(不斷摸索)是我們知識(shí)的來(lái)源。Time and tide waits for no man 歲月不待人。The stars and stripes is the national flag of USA 星條旗是美國(guó)國(guó)旗

30、。2由 and 連接的兩個(gè)或三個(gè)單數(shù)主語(yǔ)前如果有every, each, no, many a 修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。Each teacher and(each)student was given a book每一位教師和學(xué)生都得到了一本書。Every hour and(every)minute is important 每一小時(shí)或每一分鐘都很重要。No employer and no employee knows how to deal with it 沒有一位雇主和雇員知道如何處理這件事。Many a teacher and many a student enjoys the bo

31、ok very much 許多老師和學(xué)生很喜歡這本書。3 or, either.or. , neither.nor., not only.but(also). 等連接的并列成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí),根據(jù)就近一致的原則處理。 離謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞近的主語(yǔ)部分是單數(shù), 就用單數(shù); 離謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞近的主語(yǔ) 是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)。如:Either the teacher or the students are to blame 或者老師或者學(xué)生們應(yīng)受到指責(zé)。Not only the students but also their teacher doesn t know about it不僅學(xué)生們不知道這件事,他們的老師也

32、不知道。He or I am to do it 這事或者他去做或者我去做。Neither you nor I nor anybody else knows how to do it 無(wú)論是你,我還是其他任何人都不知道怎么做。4主語(yǔ)由肯定否定兩部分構(gòu)成時(shí),謂語(yǔ)與肯定的一致。如:Not you but I am to answer for it I , not you , am to answer for it 對(duì)此負(fù)責(zé)的是我而不是你??键c(diǎn)六 名詞性從旬作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致 what 從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致what 引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。但如果其后是系表結(jié)構(gòu),表語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

33、詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:What she said is correct 她說(shuō)的是正確的。What he gave me are five English books 他給我的是5 本英語(yǔ)書。What he needs is money.他需要的是錢。 that 等其他詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致由 that 等其他詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:That he is a spy is true 千真萬(wàn)確,他是一個(gè)間諜。Whether they will hold a party or not has not been decided 他們還沒有決定是否舉行晚會(huì)。Who

34、 is responsible for the accident is not clear 還不太清楚誰(shuí)對(duì)這場(chǎng)事故負(fù)責(zé)??键c(diǎn)七 動(dòng)名詞或不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。如:Playing with fire is dangerous 玩火危險(xiǎn)。Your giving up the chance was a great surprise to us 你放棄這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)使我們大家都非常吃驚。若用 and 連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞、 不定式短語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)從句, 表示兩個(gè)不同的概念, 則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 用復(fù)數(shù)形式。若表示同一概念,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:Early to ri

35、se and early to bed is a good habit 早起早睡是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。When and where the bui lding will be built hasn t be en decided何時(shí)何地建大樓還未定下來(lái)。Making mistakes and learning to correct them are a part of life 犯錯(cuò)誤和學(xué)會(huì)改正錯(cuò)誤是生活的一部分。What you eat and how much you exercise are important factors in a weight loss program 你 所吃的與你鍛煉的

36、量對(duì)你的減肥計(jì)劃都是重要的因素??键c(diǎn)八 某些表示數(shù)量的名詞詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致1當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示金錢、時(shí)間、度量、距離、價(jià)格等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),往往可根據(jù)意義一致的原則,把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。如:Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt 25 美元買那件襯衣太貴了。Fifty minutes isn t enough to finish this5teSH中完成這個(gè)測(cè)試是不夠的。Ten miles seems like a long walk to me 對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō), 10 英里步行似乎很遠(yuǎn)。2在四則

37、運(yùn)算中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù),也有用復(fù)數(shù)的。減法和除法常用單數(shù)。Two and ten is are twelve 2 加 10 等于 12。Two times eight is are sixteen 2 乘以 8 等于 16。18 minus 12 is 6 18 減 12 等于 6。Two hundred and sixty-one divided by nine equals twenty-nine 261 除以 9 等于 29??键c(diǎn)九 名詞化的形容詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致1當(dāng)某些形容詞和過(guò)去分詞同定冠詞 the 連用表示某類人作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式; 當(dāng)某些形容詞同定冠詞連用表示某類事

38、物或表示某一類抽象概念作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 用單數(shù)形式。如:The poor live a hard life 窮人的日子不好過(guò)。The sick and wounded were sent home 病人和傷員被送回家。the poor 窮人the living 活著的人the rich 富人the dead 死人the wounded 傷員 the young 年輕人The beautiful lives forever 美是永存的。The old gives place to the new 新陳代謝。但是,也有例外的情況。有些形容詞加上定冠詞也可指一個(gè)人。如在句中指一個(gè)人時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用

39、單數(shù)。如:The accused asked the judge for mercy 被告請(qǐng)求法官寬恕。.以-sh, -ch和-ese等結(jié)尾的表示 國(guó)家的,民族的”這類形容詞與定冠詞 the連用,表 示整個(gè)民族,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的這類詞有:the Chinese, the English , the British ,the French, the Japanese, the Dutch , the Polish, the Swedish 等。如:The Chinese are hard-working 中國(guó)人是勤勞的。The English are said to be conser

40、vative 據(jù)說(shuō)英國(guó)人是保守的。The Chinese are kind and friendly 中國(guó)人民友好善良。比較That Chinese is a singer.那個(gè)中國(guó)人是個(gè)歌唱家。Chinese is a beautiful language 漢語(yǔ)是一種優(yōu)美的語(yǔ)言??键c(diǎn)十 there be結(jié)構(gòu)中的主謂一致there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主謂一致關(guān)系,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常和最鄰近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致。如:There is a book , two ball-pens and several notebooks on the desk 桌子上有一本書、兩支圓珠筆和幾個(gè)筆記本。There are fou

41、r chairs and a table in the room 房間里擺有4 把椅子和一張桌子??键c(diǎn)十一不定代詞 each, one, no one, somebody 等詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致不定代詞“ eac,h one, no one, some(any, no, every)+body(one 或 thing) 在句中作主”語(yǔ)或作限定詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律用單數(shù)形式。如:Each boy gets a prize.每個(gè)孩子都得到了獎(jiǎng)品。Every dog has his day 人人都有得意的時(shí)候。Someone wants to buy the house. 有人要買這所房子。Every

42、thing is ready, isn tdt?切都準(zhǔn)備好了,是吧 ?Each of the books costs five yuan. 每本書五塊錢。Somebody is using the phone 有人在用著電話。He has two sons One is a teacher; the other is an engineer他有兩個(gè)兒子。一個(gè)是老師,另一個(gè)是工程師。注意 each, all, both用作同位語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)保持一致。如:We each have an English-Chinese dictionary 我們每人有一本英漢詞典。The students

43、 are all hardworking 這些學(xué)生都很勤奮。They both like pop music 他們倆都喜歡流行音樂。考點(diǎn)十二 其他主謂一致情況1倒裝句中的主謂一致在主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)倒裝的句子中,動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和它后面的主語(yǔ)的數(shù)一致。如:On the wall are some famous paintings 墻上有一些著名的畫。Between the two windows hangs a picture 兩扇窗戶間有一幅畫。.表示數(shù)量的“one and a half+數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式。如:One and a half bananas is left on the

44、table 桌子上還剩有一個(gè)半香蕉。One and a half hours is enough 一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠了。./an+單數(shù)名詞+or two作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:A student or two has failed the exam 一兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格?!皁ne or two復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon 昨天下午有一兩個(gè)學(xué)生在植樹。.在“It+be破強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who 結(jié)構(gòu)中,be用單數(shù)形式is或was,如被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 是主語(yǔ),that w

45、ho 后的謂語(yǔ)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分的人稱、數(shù)保持一致。如:It is I who am a student 我是學(xué)生。It is they who have worked there for five years 是他們?cè)谀莾汗ぷ髁?5 年。.定語(yǔ)從句中,關(guān)系代詞 who, which, that等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其人稱和數(shù)的變化隨先行詞 而定。如:Those who have seen the film please put up your hands 看過(guò)這部電影的人請(qǐng)舉手。The man who is speaking at the meeting is our chairman 在會(huì)上講話的人是我們

46、的主席。 who, which , what 等疑問(wèn)代詞及sueh 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)其后的名詞表語(yǔ)來(lái)決定其單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Who is the girl over there? 那邊的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)?Who are the girls over there? 那邊那些女孩子是誰(shuí)?Which is your book , this one or that one?哪本是你的書,這本還是那本?Such is my plan 這就是我的計(jì)劃。Such are his words 這就是他的話。. the majority of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。the majority單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)

47、時(shí),謂語(yǔ) 既可用單數(shù),也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:The majority of boys like football 大多數(shù)男孩喜愛足球。The majority was were in favour of banning smoking 大多數(shù)人支持禁煙。The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio 多數(shù)人喜歡電視勝過(guò)廣播。. an average of+數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)與復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用,意思是 平均有;the averageof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)與單數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用,意思是“的平均數(shù)”。如:An average of 3 , 000 people co

48、me to visit this famous school every year 每年平均有三千人來(lái)這所名校參觀。The average of 14, 3 and 1 is 6 14 , 3 和 1 的平均數(shù)是6?!癮 total of+數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)與復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用,意思是 總共有” ;the total of數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)與單數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用,意思是“的總數(shù)如:A total of 300 letters were received last month 上個(gè)月總共收到了三百封信。The total of letters received last month was 300 上個(gè)月收到的信總數(shù)

49、是三百封。.當(dāng)man(人類),the world(世界上的人,人類)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如:Only man knows how to cook 只有人類懂得烹飪。Only man is capable of speech+ 只有人類才具有說(shuō)話的能力。All the world knows that the earth is round 世界上的人都知道地球是圓的。. more+數(shù)名詞+than one結(jié)構(gòu)謂語(yǔ)常用復(fù)數(shù)。如:More members than one have protested against the plan反對(duì)這項(xiàng)提議的會(huì)員不止一個(gè)。.當(dāng)many a或more than

50、 one+名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),盡管其意義是復(fù)數(shù)概念,但它的謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞仍采取單數(shù)形式。如:Many a man thinks life is meaningless without purpose 許多人認(rèn)為沒有目的的生活是毫無(wú)意義的。More than one person is involved in the matter 不止一人卷入到這件事中。.在“one+fin/out of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,一般采用語(yǔ)法一致的原則,即用單數(shù)動(dòng) 詞。如果 one 改成 two , three 等數(shù)詞,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。One of the students in our class is from Tibet 我

51、們班有一位學(xué)生來(lái)自西藏。One inout of twenty was badly damaged 每二十個(gè)中有一個(gè)嚴(yán)重受損。Three in out of ten students have failed in the exam 每十個(gè)學(xué)生中就有三個(gè)考試不過(guò)關(guān)。方法技巧清單方法技巧方法一 分清主語(yǔ),用準(zhǔn)謂語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)后跟 with , together with , along with , but , except, besides, as well as, rather than , including , no less than, as much as等短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。

52、2動(dòng)名詞、不定式或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。3確定倒裝句謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)要找準(zhǔn)主語(yǔ)。例 1 A perfect gift with many flowers to the beautiful girlA is sent B are sent C has sentD has been sent解析 句子的真正主語(yǔ)為 a perfect gift , 所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用第三人稱單數(shù)形式; 根據(jù)題 干大意此處要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。答案 D例 2 In my opinion , What Zhai Zhigang ,Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng good toour country

53、 s international pos itionA did do does B did does do C does did do D do do did解析 句子的主語(yǔ)是what 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句, 即: what Zhai Zhigang , Liu Boming and JingHaipeng did 。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),借助于助動(dòng)詞does 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ),后用動(dòng)詞原形do。答案 B例 3 Next to me sat an old lady and a country girl who looking at theforeigners in the air A are B is C wer

54、e D was解析 本句是倒裝句, an old lady and a country girl 是主句的主語(yǔ), 也是 who 引導(dǎo)的定 語(yǔ)從句的先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。答案 C方法二 分清并列連詞1兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞 ( 主語(yǔ) )用 and 或 both.and.連接時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù),但要注意前后兩個(gè) 名詞都帶有冠詞。2.并列主語(yǔ)由 or, either.or., neither.nor. , not only.but(also). , not.but. 等連接時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。例 1 Not only Tom but also Peter and M

55、ary planning to go A is B was C are D has been解析 由連接詞either.or., neither.nor. , not only.but(also). 等連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí), 句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須和緊靠它的名詞或代詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。 此題中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和Peter and Mary 一致,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)are,因此C是正確的。答案 C例 2 The writer and the educator visited our school A have B has C had D. are解析 The writer and the educator

56、 是兩個(gè)人, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 句意: 那位作家和那位 教育家參觀了我們的學(xué)校。如果換成The writer and educator ,就是一個(gè)人了,即 “那位作家兼教育家 ” ,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。答案 A方法三 記熟一些習(xí)慣用法many姒及more than one+單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ).謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。/an+單數(shù)名詞+or two作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù);而“one or two+M數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。3不定代詞 anybody , anything , something , everybody , no one, nothing 等作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。4表示 “時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格 ”等復(fù)數(shù)

57、名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。. one and a half+數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 each.and each.; every.and every. ; no.and no. ; many a.and many a. 等作主語(yǔ) 時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。.分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)與of后的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。例 1of the land in that district covered with trees and grass A Two fifth ; is B Two fifth ; are C Two fifths ; is D Two fifths ; are解析首先 五分之

58、二”應(yīng)為two fifths ,故答案應(yīng)為C、D中的一個(gè);當(dāng) 分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞” 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與of 后的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致,這里的名詞是the land 。答案 C例 2 The number of the students of this school large A are B are not C isn t D aren t解析在“the number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,“of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”的介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ), the number 是中心名詞,所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。答案 C例 3 Every boy and every girl as well as some te

59、achers who to visit themuseum asked to be at the school gate before 6: 30 in the morning A are; are B is ; is C are; is D is; are解析本題是一個(gè)帶有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句,定語(yǔ)從句修飾的是teachers,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ), 應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)保持一致, 故從句謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 句子主語(yǔ)是Every boy and everygirl,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有 with , together with , as well as等連接的詞時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)不 受這些詞語(yǔ)的影響。ever

60、y.and every.作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。答案 C互動(dòng)訓(xùn)練The public the best judge because the public always their thoughts.A. are ; express B. is ; expressC. is ; expresses D. are ; expressesI think Class One to win because Class One all football lovers.A. is likely; are B. are likely; areC. is likely; isD. are likely; isWhi

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