句子翻譯技巧英譯中

1、句子翻譯技巧英譯中第1頁，共30頁，2022年，5月20日，7點(diǎn)0分，星期二 We didnt know much about each other twenty years ago. We were guided by our intuition; you swept me off my feet. It was snowing when we got married at the Ahwahnee. Years passed, kids came, good times, hard times, but never bad times. Our love and respect has e

2、ndured and grown. Weve been through so much together and here we are right back where we started 20 years agoolder, wiser with wrinkles on our faces and hearts. We now know many of lifes joys, sufferings, secrets and wonders and were still here together. My feet have never returned to the ground. 第2

3、頁，共30頁，2022年，5月20日，7點(diǎn)0分，星期二句子翻譯1視角轉(zhuǎn)移第3頁，共30頁，2022年，5月20日，7點(diǎn)0分，星期二Words fail me!(=I cant describe or answer that, esp. because of surprise or shock. ) 我（驚得/嚇得）就是說不出話來！2. No complaints passed her lips. (A.S. Hornby) 她從不抱怨。3. To make her his queen never entered his mind. (Andersens Fairy Tales: The Lit

4、tle Mermaid) 他從來也沒有想到要把她娶為皇后。4. Not a sound reached our ears. (A.S. Hornby) 我們沒有聽到任何聲音。5. When Della reached home her excitement gave way a little to prudence and reason. (O. Henry: The Gifts) 德拉到家以后，（她）開始有點(diǎn)由興奮轉(zhuǎn)向謹(jǐn)慎和理智了）Practice第4頁，共30頁，2022年，5月20日，7點(diǎn)0分，星期二Topics to be covered:一.主體的轉(zhuǎn)移二.空間視角的轉(zhuǎn)移三.時(shí)間視角的

5、轉(zhuǎn)移四.正反視角的轉(zhuǎn)移第5頁，共30頁，2022年，5月20日，7點(diǎn)0分，星期二一.主體的轉(zhuǎn)移Conversion of Impersonal SubjectsImpersonal subjects are far more often found in English than in Chinese, hence the necessity of their conversion into personal or other subjects in Chinese. 漢語傾向于選擇有生命的生命體作為主語，而英語在使用生命體作主語的同時(shí)也經(jīng)常采用無生命體作主語。第6頁，共30頁，2022年，5

6、月20日，7點(diǎn)0分，星期二（1）The year 1949 witnessed the founding of the Peoples Republic of China1949年中華人民共和國成立。（2）Shanghai first saw the rise of the movement這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)首先在上海興起。（3）The following year saw the death of his mother第二年他媽媽去世了。（4）Many troubles visited the poor old man last year去年這個(gè)可憐的老人碰到了不少麻煩。第7頁，共30頁，2022年，

7、5月20日，7點(diǎn)0分，星期二Convert Impersonal Subjects into Personal or Other Subjects （把非人稱主語轉(zhuǎn)換為人稱主語或其他主語） Friday started with a morning visit to the modern campus of the 22000-student University of Michigan in nearby Ann Arbor, where the Chinese table tennis team joined students in the cafeteria line for lunch

8、 and later played an exhibition match. (China. USA. Table Tennis) 星期五那天，中國乒乓球隊(duì)一早就到安亞伯附近去參觀擁有22000名學(xué)生的密執(zhí)安大學(xué)現(xiàn)代校園。他們和該校學(xué)生在校內(nèi)自助餐廳一起排隊(duì)取午餐，然后舉行了一場表演賽。第8頁，共30頁，2022年，5月20日，7點(diǎn)0分，星期二2. Convert Impersonal Subjects and Split English Simple Sentences into Chinese Complex Sentences (轉(zhuǎn)換非人稱主語，把英語的簡單句拆成漢語的復(fù)合句）I am

9、very sorry that the pressure of other occupations has prevented me from sending an earlier reply to your letter. （我因?yàn)椋┙鼇砻τ诟鞣N事務(wù)，未能早些復(fù)信，深感抱歉。To accept this position would involve my living in London. 如果我接受這個(gè)職務(wù)，我就必須住在倫敦。The sight of the orphan always reminds me of her parents. 一看到那孤兒，我便想起她的父母親。第9頁，共30頁

10、，2022年，5月20日，7點(diǎn)0分，星期二常用形象的寫法賦予無生命主語以人或人的團(tuán)體所特有的動(dòng)作，以增加句子的表現(xiàn)力。類似的用法還有：My watch says five. 按我的表，現(xiàn)在5點(diǎn)了。 The one look had told Mary what sort of man she had to deal with.瑪麗看了一眼就明白她要對(duì)付的是什么樣的人了。第10頁，共30頁，2022年，5月20日，7點(diǎn)0分，星期二3. Convert Impersonal Subjects into Chinese Adverbials or Prepositional Phrases(把非人稱

11、主語轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語的狀語或介詞短語）March 1940 found me working in a small construction firm. (J. Austen) 1940年3月，我在一家小型建筑公司工作。No city on American soil had known such destruction. ( Herman Wouk) 在美國國土上，沒有一座城市曾經(jīng)遭受過如此嚴(yán)重的破壞。My conscience told me that I deserved no extraordinary politeness. 憑良心講，你待我禮貌有加，我卻受之有愧。第11頁，共30頁，20

12、22年，5月20日，7點(diǎn)0分，星期二4.Convert Impersonal Subjects and Split English Sentences, Simple or Complex, into Chinese Compound or Run-on Sentences. (轉(zhuǎn)換非人稱主語，把英語的簡單句或復(fù)合句拆成漢語的并列分句或流水句）The satisfaction of Miss Bennets mind gave such a glow of sweet animation to her face. (J. Austen) 貝內(nèi)特小姐心滿意足，不禁桃腮泛暈，流露出一絲激動(dòng)的神情來

13、。The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps. (Joseph: English 3200) 我走在厚厚的地毯上，一點(diǎn)腳步聲也沒有。第12頁，共30頁，2022年，5月20日，7點(diǎn)0分，星期二5. Convert Impersonal Subjects into Chinese “Extra-position” Elements”（把非人稱主語轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語的外位成分，漢語的主語用“這”來代 稱這個(gè)外位成分） My two great isolating experiences have given me an almost mystical

14、 sense of identity with all suffering humanity. 我有過兩次不同場合的重要經(jīng)歷，這使我產(chǎn)生了一種幾乎帶有神秘色彩的同情心而站在一切受苦人一邊。第13頁，共30頁，2022年，5月20日，7點(diǎn)0分，星期二二.空間視角的轉(zhuǎn)移Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice

15、. 極端主義者認(rèn)為，人與動(dòng)物在各方面都不同，對(duì)動(dòng)物無需考慮道德問題第14頁，共30頁，2022年，5月20日，7點(diǎn)0分，星期二Tunnel VisionPoints of interest三.時(shí)間視角的轉(zhuǎn)移The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrendered.游擊隊(duì)員寧愿戰(zhàn)斗到死，也絕不投降。He will die of hunger before he steals. 他寧愿餓死，也不愿行竊。Its a long time since I enjoyed myself so much. 好長時(shí)間沒這么痛快地玩了。第15頁，共3

16、0頁，2022年，5月20日，7點(diǎn)0分，星期二四.正反視角的轉(zhuǎn)移不同的思維方式往往需要不同的語言表達(dá)方式。譬如，正說和反說的習(xí)慣表達(dá)不同，就反映了英漢語使用者思維方法的不同。所以翻譯時(shí)常常要采用正說反譯和反說正譯的轉(zhuǎn)換法。這樣做的目的有三：1）保證語義明確；2）加強(qiáng)修辭效果；3）尊重漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，使譯文通順易懂。第16頁，共30頁，2022年，5月20日，7點(diǎn)0分，星期二1.保證語義明確1）正說反譯Her conduct is above reproach. 她的行為無可指責(zé)。Politeness is not always the sign of wisdom, but the want o

17、f it always leaves room for the suspicion of folly. 雖然有禮貌并不一定標(biāo)志著有智慧，但是無禮貌卻會(huì)使人懷疑其愚蠢。第17頁，共30頁，2022年，5月20日，7點(diǎn)0分，星期二2）反說正譯 I wont keep you waiting long. 我一會(huì)兒就回來。第18頁，共30頁，2022年，5月20日，7點(diǎn)0分，星期二2.加強(qiáng)修辭效果 1）正說反譯 Opportunity knocks but once. 機(jī)不可失，時(shí)不再來。(比較：機(jī)遇只光顧一次） 2）反說正譯 Isnt if funny? 真逗！第19頁，共30頁，2022年，5月2

18、0日，7點(diǎn)0分，星期二3. 尊重漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，保證譯文通順易懂 1）正說反譯 Mary lay awake almost the whole night. 瑪麗躺在那兒，幾乎一夜沒合眼。 I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty or give me death. 我不管別人采取什么行動(dòng)，但就我而言，不自由，毋寧死！第20頁，共30頁，2022年，5月20日，7點(diǎn)0分，星期二2）反說正譯 We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.

19、 井枯方知水可貴。第21頁，共30頁，2022年，5月20日，7點(diǎn)0分，星期二These are our tasks for the period ahead. 這些是我們今后的任務(wù)。（past-orientation vs. future-orientation)She set a good table. 她擺了一桌豐盛的菜肴。(the container vs. the things contained)3. He beat her black and blue. 他把她打得青一塊，紫一塊。（different colors) 其他：第22頁，共30頁，2022年，5月20日，7點(diǎn)0分，星

20、期二4. People began to leave the hall by ones and twos. 人們開始三三兩兩地離開大廳。（different numbers)5. Students get a discount of 20% on air fares. 學(xué)生買機(jī)票可打八折。（different angles)6. Hardbacks are usually more expensive than paperbacks. 精裝書通常比簡裝書貴。(material vs. packing)第23頁，共30頁，2022年，5月20日，7點(diǎn)0分，星期二第24頁，共30頁，2022年，5

21、月20日，7點(diǎn)0分，星期二Homework: 翻譯下面的短文，注意正反表達(dá)。 For three years we had never spent Halloween without Father getting his nose broken. This experience took the fun out of Halloween parties in our family. Of course, people said that things always go by threes, so there was no chance of its happening again. But

22、alas! When Father jumped out of bed and started into the hall to answer the telephone , he ran slam into the partly open door, and broke his nose for the fourth time, and today is Halloween!第25頁，共30頁，2022年，5月20日，7點(diǎn)0分，星期二Transition Page連續(xù)三年，我們過萬圣節(jié)，父親都碰破了鼻子。這使我們?nèi)f圣節(jié)的家庭聚會(huì)索然無味。誠然，常言道，事不過三，因此，這類事情不會(huì)再發(fā)生了。但

23、是，天呀！當(dāng)父親匆忙跳下床去廳里接電話時(shí)，一頭撞到半掩著的門上，第四次碰破了鼻子。今天是萬圣節(jié)喲！For three years we had never spent Halloween without Father getting his nose broken. This experience took the fun out of Halloween parties in our family. Of course, people said that things always go by threes, so there was no chance of its happening a

24、gain. But alas! When Father jumped out of bed and started into the hall to answer the telephone , he ran slam into the partly open door, and broke his nose for the fourth time, and today is Halloween!第26頁，共30頁，2022年，5月20日，7點(diǎn)0分，星期二請(qǐng)隨堂翻譯下文。譯完后，相互交換譯文，作必要分析，最后提出問題請(qǐng)老師解答。Einstein is often portrayed in bo

25、urgeois writing as a genius whose theories are so complicated that no one but a few best scientists can understand them. But he himself rejected the efforts to put him in a position far above other people. He was well known for his humble manner and often stressed to interviewers that his accomplishments would certainly have been achieved by others had he never lived. 第27頁，共30頁，2022年，5月20日，7點(diǎn)0分，星期二在一些作品中，資產(chǎn)階級(jí)作家常把愛因斯坦 描繪成“天才”， 說他的理論非常復(fù)雜，除了極少數(shù)最杰出的科學(xué)家外，無人能懂。但是，愛因斯坦本人反對(duì)把他擺在他人之上。他以謙卑著稱。他經(jīng)常對(duì)采訪的記者強(qiáng)調(diào)，假如世上沒有他， 其他人也肯定會(huì)取得他的這