麻醉概述英文

1、麻醉概述英文第1頁(yè)，共26頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，1點(diǎn)37分，星期五ContentsThe history of anesthesiology The scope of anesthesiologyClassification of AnesthesiaDefinition of AnesthesiaPreparing for anesthesia第2頁(yè)，共26頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，1點(diǎn)37分，星期五The History of AnesthesiologyAnesthetic practices date from ancient times第3頁(yè)，共26頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日

2、，1點(diǎn)37分，星期五The History of AnesthesiologyModern anesthesiology began in 1846 - Ether was used as an anesthetic agent in humans. William T. G. Morton (1819-1868)第4頁(yè)，共26頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，1點(diǎn)37分，星期五The History of AnesthesiologyModern inhalation anesthetics were developed from 1950s to 1960s Intravenous anesth

3、esia first began in 1872- Use of choral hydrate. From then, many other intravenous agents were developed.Muscle relaxants resulted in evolution of anesthesiology-Curare(箭毒)was firstly used in 1942第5頁(yè)，共26頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，1點(diǎn)37分，星期五The History of AnesthesiologyThe original of modern local anesthesia was c

4、redited to use of cocaine in 1884.Subarachnoid anesthesia - 1898. Caudal epidural anesthesia- 1901. lumbar epidural anesthesia - 1921第6頁(yè)，共26頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，1點(diǎn)37分，星期五The Scope of Anesthesiology1.Clinical anesthesia2.Pain management3.First-aid and resuscitation4.Intensive care第7頁(yè)，共26頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，1點(diǎn)37分，

5、星期五8術(shù)前給藥麻醉誘導(dǎo)麻醉維持呼吸管理氣管插管控制呼吸輔助呼吸循環(huán)管理麻醉深度容量血管活性藥蘇醒麻醉恢復(fù)靜脈誘導(dǎo)全憑靜脈麻醉（TIVA）拔管術(shù)后疼痛管理全身麻醉過(guò)程吸入誘導(dǎo)吸入麻醉靜吸復(fù)合麻醉第8頁(yè)，共26頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，1點(diǎn)37分，星期五Definition of Anesthesia Anesthesia is always defined by drug-induced changes in behavior or perception. The components of general anesthetic state include unconsciousness,

6、amnesia(健忘), analgesia(鎮(zhèn)痛), immobility, and attenuation of autonomic nervous system responses to noxious stimulation.第9頁(yè)，共26頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，1點(diǎn)37分，星期五Course of AnesthesiaAnesthesia inductionAnesthesia maintenanceAnesthesia recovery第10頁(yè)，共26頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，1點(diǎn)37分，星期五Classification of AnesthesiaGeneral anest

7、hesiaInhalation anesthesiaIntravenous anesthesiaCombined anesthesiaIntravenous Venous-inhalationIntrathecal block- general anesthesiaLocal anesthesiaTopical anesthesiaInfiltration anesthesiaNerve blockNerve plexus blockIntrathecal block: Subarachnoid block, epidural block and caudal block第11頁(yè)，共26頁(yè)，2

8、022年，5月20日，1點(diǎn)37分，星期五Monitoring During AnesthesiaThe Cardiovascular SystemThe Respiratory SystemLiver and kidney functionCentral nerve systemCoagulation function第12頁(yè)，共26頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，1點(diǎn)37分，星期五Pain ManagementPostoperative analgesiaDelivery analgesiaAcute and chronic pain cureCancer analgesia第13頁(yè)，共26頁(yè)，

9、2022年，5月20日，1點(diǎn)37分，星期五Preparing For AnesthesiaPreoperative visitPreoperative evaluation: History, physical examination, laboratory evaluationPreoperative fastingCoexisting disease therapyEquipment preparationPreoperative medication第14頁(yè)，共26頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，1點(diǎn)37分，星期五Purposes of the preoperative visitEstab

10、lish rapport with the patient Obtain a history and perform a physical examinationsOrder a special investigationsAssess the risks of anesthesia and surgery Institute preoperative management第15頁(yè)，共26頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，1點(diǎn)37分，星期五Routine Preoperative Anesthetic EvaluationHistoryReview of organ systemclinical e

11、xaminationLaboratory Evaluation第16頁(yè)，共26頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，1點(diǎn)37分，星期五ASA Physical Status ClassificationClassDefinition1A normal healthy patient.2A patient with mild systemic disease and no functional limitation3A patient with moderate to severe systemic disease that results in some functional limitation4A

12、patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life and functionally incapacitating5A moribund patient who is not expected to survive 24 hours with or without surgeryEIf the procedure is an emergency, the physical status is followed by “E”第17頁(yè)，共26頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，1點(diǎn)37分，星期五Preoperativ

13、e FastingThe time of fasting solid is more than 12 hours, and fluid is more than 4 hours.The time of fasting breast milk is 8 hours in baby. If necessary, baby should be transfused.第18頁(yè)，共26頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，1點(diǎn)37分，星期五 Coexisting Disease TherapyCoexisting disease may affect outcome adversely if not under

14、optimum control.The coexisting disease must be treated properly before any nonurgent surgery .Coexisting disease and drug treatment may interact with anesthesia and surgery in several ways第19頁(yè)，共26頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，1點(diǎn)37分，星期五Coexisting Disease Therapy1.The course of the disease may be modified by anesthes

15、ia or surgery.2.Influence the effects of anesthesia.3.Both disease and drug treatment may influence choice of anesthetic technique.4.Drug treatment may modify the normal compensatory physiological responses第20頁(yè)，共26頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，1點(diǎn)37分，星期五Choice of AnesthesiaFactors to choice a anesthetic technique 1.

16、Patient condition 2.Surgery category 3.The technical and theoretic level of anesthetist 4.Anesthetics 5.Anesthesia and monitor equipment第21頁(yè)，共26頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，1點(diǎn)37分，星期五Equipment and drug PreparationAnesthetic machine1.Electrical supply2.All essential equipment is present and correctly assembled3.Medi

17、cal gas supply4.Vaporizers5.Breathing system: Ventilators第22頁(yè)，共26頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，1點(diǎn)37分，星期五Equipment and drug PreparationAncillary Equipment 1.laryngoscopes, intubation aids 2.Face masks, airways, tracheal tubes and connectors 3.Suction apparatus第23頁(yè)，共26頁(yè)，2022年，5月20日，1點(diǎn)37分，星期五Equipment and drug PreparationMonitoring equipment and drug 1.NIBP, SpO2, ECG, etc. 2.Ephedrine, Atropine, etc 3.Anesthetics第24頁(yè)，共2