高中英語 英語基本句型及成分課件 新人教必修1

1、2021/8/11 星期三1基本句型高二政治針對高一學生2021/8/11 星期三2英語句子的種類中文思維導致的段落結(jié)構問題2021/8/11 星期三3英語句子的種類簡單句 (The simple sentence)并列句 (The compound sentence)復合句 (The complex sentence)2021/8/11 星期三4鞏固練習：1冬季白天短，夜晚長2十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。 3孩子們很少保持安靜。 4她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.At the age

2、of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.Children seldom keep quiet. Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.2021/8/11 星期三51 主系表結(jié)構 主語+系動詞+表語2.主謂結(jié)構 主語+不及物的謂語動詞3.主謂賓結(jié)構 主語+及物的謂語動詞+賓語4 雙賓語結(jié)構 主語+及物謂語動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語5 復合賓語結(jié)構 主語+及物的謂語動詞+賓語+賓語補足語6There be 句型 there+be+主語+狀語Eg. The girl is beautiful.My

3、 grandfather gets up early in the morning.I wrote a letter last night. I gave you a book.The sun keeps us warm. .There are 60 students in our class.2021/8/11 星期三6英語基本句型-1主系表結(jié)構 本結(jié)構是由 主語+系動詞+表語 組成，主要用以說明主語的特征，類屬，狀態(tài)，身份等。系動詞有: 1.表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;2.表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的 rema

4、in, stay, keep, 3.表示狀態(tài)變化的 become, get, turn, go, fall, come, grow; 2021/8/11 星期三7Our English teacher is thirty years old.The cake tastes delicious. The potatoes went bad in the fields.Their boss seems satisfied with the work. Deep water stays still.2021/8/11 星期三85他失業(yè)了。 6樹葉已經(jīng)變黃了7這個報告聽起來很有意思He is out

5、of work. The leaves have turned yellow.The report sounds interesting2021/8/11 星期三91. As in China, the weather is different from area to area.主系表句型的幾個特例：2. We are greatly surprised to meet him there.3. It is not a good idea to spend your vacation with strangers.4. It is kind of you to say so.5. It is

6、 not easy for them to go there by bike.6. Is it Tom who is playing the piano?7. It is a fact that they cant pass the exam.2021/8/11 星期三102主謂結(jié)構 本結(jié)構是由主語加不及物的謂語動詞構成, 常用來表示主語的動作。如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主語可有修飾語-定語，謂語可有修飾語-狀語。如: 1. The red sun rises in the east.2. So they had to travel by a

7、ir or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.5. He came back when we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.2021/8/11 星期三11鞏固練習：1她昨天回家很晚。 She went home very late yesterday evening. 2會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。 The

8、 meeting will last two hours.3在過去的十年里,我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大變化。 Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 2021/8/11 星期三1241919年，在北京爆發(fā)了“五.四”運動。 The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919. 5每天八時開始上課。 Classes begin at eight every day. 6這個箱子重五公斤。This box weighs five kilos. 202

9、1/8/11 星期三138秋天有些鳥飛到南方去。In autumn, some birds fly to the south. 9我的爺爺早晨起得很早。My grandfather gets up early in the morning. 10. 每天下午有許多學生到圖書館來借書。.Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.2021/8/11 星期三14英語基本句型-3 主謂賓結(jié)構 本結(jié)構是由主語+及物的謂語動詞+賓語構成。 賓語成分的多樣化使得這一結(jié)構異常復雜。如：1. Tom made a

10、hole in the wall. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They havent decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. 5. It took them ten years to build the dam. 7. Mother promises to give me a present.2021/8/11 星期三15鞏固練習：1昨晚我寫了一封信。I wrote a letter last night. 2今天下午我想同你談談

11、。I want to talk with you this afternoon 3這本書他讀過多次了。He has read this book many times. 4他們成功地完成了計劃They have carried out the plan successfully. 2021/8/11 星期三165那位先生能流利地說三種語言。 That gentleman can speak three languages fluently. 6我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia. 7Jim 還不會

12、自己穿衣服。 cannot dress Jim himself 8 我們大家都相信Jack 是一個誠實男孩。All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 9. 他不知道說什麼好。 He did not know what to say 10. 我開窗戶你在意嗎？Do you mind my opening the window? 2021/8/11 星期三17英語基本句型4 雙賓語結(jié)構 說明：此結(jié)構由“主語+及物謂語動詞+間接賓語（人）+直接賓語（事物）”組成。如： He brings me cookies every day.但若要先說出直接賓語

13、（事物），后說間接賓語（人），則要借助于介詞to或for。如： He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.用to側(cè)重指動作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對著某人。用for 側(cè)重指動作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語的動詞有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, promise, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find

14、, get, make, order, sing, save, 等。2021/8/11 星期三18鞏固練習：1Johnson 先生去年教我們德語。 .Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個有趣的故事。Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？ .Would you please pass me the dictionary? 4他把車票給列車員看。.He showed the ticket to the conductor2021/8/11 星期三1

15、95我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？ Shall I call you a taxi? 6新式機器將會為你節(jié)省許多勞動。The new machine will save you a lot of labour. 7他用他的第一個月工資給他媽媽買了一件毛衣。He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.2021/8/11 星期三20英語基本句型5 復合賓語結(jié)構 說明: 此結(jié)構由“主語+及物的謂語動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”構成。賓語與賓語補足語之間有邏輯上的主謂關系或主表關系，若無賓語補足語，則句意不夠完整?？梢杂米鲑e補的

16、有：名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，動詞不定式，分詞等。如： The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor.He used to do his homework with his radio on. 用 it 做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放到賓語補足語的后面，以使句子結(jié)構平衡，是英語常用的句型結(jié)構方式。即：主語+謂語+it+賓補+真正賓語。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.2021/8/11 星

17、期三21鞏固練習：1我們叫她Alice. 2我們大家都認為他是誠實的。 3他們把小偷釋放了。 4我要你把真相告訴我。 5 .衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開。 6. 每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。 7我們不會讓她在晚上外出的8我們不會讓她在晚上外出的。 We call her Alice. All of us considered him honest.They have set the thief free. I want you to tell me the truth. The guards ordered us to leave at once. Every morning we hear h

18、im read English aloud. We wont let her go out at night. We wont let her go out at night. 2021/8/11 星期三229那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了 10她正在聽人家講故事。11我從來沒看見這個字這樣用過。 12他感到很難跟你交談。 13我認為有可能用另一種方法解題。 14學校定了一條規(guī)則，開始上課時學生要起立。 The terrible sound made the children frightened. She is listening to someone telling stories. I ha

19、ve never seen the word used that way before. He felt it very difficult to talk with you. I consider it possible to work out the problemin another way. The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins. 2021/8/11 星期三23英語基本句型6 There be 句型 說明： 此句型是由“there+be+主語+狀語”構成，用以表達存在關

20、系可以稱“有”。 它其實是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導詞，并無實際語意。 此句型有時不用be動詞，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如： There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.2021/8/11 星期三24 Be 與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如： 現(xiàn)在有 there is/are 過去有 there w

21、as/were 將來有 there will be；there is /are going to be. 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be. 肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 過去曾經(jīng)有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 2021/8/11 星期三25鞏固練習：1這個村子過去只有一口井。 2客人當中有兩名美國人和兩名法國人。 3天氣預報說下午有大

22、風。 4燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。 5戰(zhàn)前這兒一直有家電影院的. 6恰好那時房里沒人。 7從前，在海邊的一個村子里住著一位老漁夫。 8公共汽車來了。 9就只剩下二十八美元了。 10鈴響了。 2021/8/11 星期三261.There was only a well in the village. 2.Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. 3.The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon. 4.The light is on. The

23、re must be someone in the office. 5.There used to be a cinema here before the war. 6.There happened to be nobody in the room. 7.Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 8.There comes the bus. 9.There remained only twenty eight dollars.10.There goes the bell. 2021/8/11 星期三27 1. I t

24、urned on the TV. We began to watch it. 2. I bought my sister a present. She didnt like it. 并列句并列句I turned on the TV and we began to watch it.I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it.并列句2021/8/11 星期三28閱讀下列各組句子,填入適當?shù)牟⒘羞B詞.1.She tried hard,_she was unsuccessful.2.Put on more clothes,_you may c

25、atch cold.butor2021/8/11 星期三294.In the old days,he could_ read _write.5.How great he is!He can_ read French _speak it well.6.He knew nothing about the man,_ he didnt trust him.neithernorbothandso2021/8/11 星期三30請用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個并列句。1.He was tired. He went to bed. 2.The child hid behind his mother.H

26、e was afraid of the dog.He was tired, so he went to bed.The child hid behind his mother, for he was afraid of the dog.2021/8/11 星期三313.He made a promise.He didnt keep it.He made a promise, but he didnt keep it. 4.Mary is opening the door.John is greeting her guests.Mary is opening the door,and John

27、is greeting her guests.2021/8/11 星期三32請用括號中所給的詞把每組句子連接為一個復合句。I still remember the day .I first came to Beijing on that day.(when)I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.2021/8/11 星期三33 各種狀語從句 e.g. Time passed quickly before we knew it. The moment we reached the farm, we got down to har

28、vesting. So long as we work harder at our lessons, well catch up sooner or later. Do call me before hand so that I can meet you at the airport. They had to wait because the rain was getting more and more heavily. 2021/8/11 星期三34 定語從句 e.g. In my opinion, cyber cafes should be a place where we can fin

29、d much useful information. Lets come to the main teaching building, at the back of which stands the school library. 各種名詞性從句 e.g. Thats what I should do. We should do a favour to whoever needs help at present.2021/8/11 星期三35中文思維對英文遣詞造句的干擾1. Good good study , day day up .2. Zhang Hang studies in Shanx

30、i Province ,Xian city, Hongqi Middle School .3. Lipin has 5 classes in the morning ,afternoon has 2 classes .4.Our country has taken place great changes .5 .Her age is young . 正:Study hard and youll make progress every day._Hongqi Middle School, Xian city, Shanxi Province _and 2 in the afternoon 正:

31、Great changes have taken place in our country .She is young . T or F:2021/8/11 星期三36 中文式表達是中國學生寫作中最常見的問題，同時也是最難解決的問題。這些中文式的表達沒有語法、句法錯誤，但就是不符合英文的表達習慣。這是中、西方思維差異帶來的語言表達上的差異。因此，要發(fā)現(xiàn)這些中式英文并有效地加以修改，從而寫出地道的英文作文，考生一定首先要了解中、西思維方式的差異，知道英文的習慣表達是什么樣的. 這些文化差異的知識需要大家讀一些相關的文章來理解，更需要大家平時通過讀原汁原味的英文來體會和模仿。下面介紹一些最基本的差

32、異供大家參考。 一、 中文表達習慣導致的搭配錯誤和問題英文表達中有一些習慣的搭配，如果不知道其用法，直接從中文字對字地翻譯成英文就造成搭配錯考生在平時的閱讀中應該留意積累英文中這些的搭配并加以記憶，這樣在寫作中才能表達地道。2021/8/11 星期三371. 主謂搭配錯誤例：Inrecentyears，peoplewhohave private cars have increased -, the number of people who have -. My study is very busy lately。Im very busy with my study lately.2動賓搭配問題

33、 考生在動賓搭配方面常常出現(xiàn)兩個問題。第一，搭配有誤。這還是由于不熟悉固定搭配，從中文表達字對字翻譯造成的。第二，更多情況下，考生找不到合適的動詞時，總是依賴一些所謂的 “萬能動詞”，如 make，take，bring，help，have等等，這樣的表達不夠精確。 2021/8/11 星期三38因此，考生在平時的英語學習中要注意積累動賓搭配，如：enrich knowledge，broaden ones horizon，to better ones life，to sharpen ones skills等等。這樣考場上寫作時才能表達自如確切.例： We can learn more knowl

34、edge with the help of Internetobtain/ gain knowledge二、中文句法導致的英語句法錯誤1. Smoke is harmful to our heath .2. Watch TV can broaden our horizon3. I take a part-time job help me make some money4. There are 30 students sit in the examination .SmokingWatching TVI make some money by taking a part-time job .sit

35、ting _2021/8/11 星期三39三、中文思維導致的中文式句子 漢語是自然語序，即思維和語言自然合拍，句子的語序基本反映了思想的過程：見到什么就先說什么，敘事是按時間發(fā)生順序。句子習慣在開頭從側(cè)面說明外圍環(huán)境，如時間、地點、原因、條件等，最后畫龍點睛，點出重要信息、下結(jié)淪、表態(tài)度。漢語多用短語或簡單句，句式中心在后。漢語中大量句子采用兼動式或連動式結(jié)構，動詞較多。 英語恰好相反，說話人在說話前先把要表達的信息組織一下，一般強調(diào)什么先說什么，習慣把主要信息置于頭，即把最重要的事，如態(tài)度、觀點、結(jié)論放在句首直截了當先說出，然后再將其他信息如理由、事實、原因、例證等補充進來。因此英語復合句較多，句子結(jié)構多為重心在前，句子呈線性，即以主謂賓為核心，首先安排主要內(nèi)容，然后借助連詞、短語、從句進行擴展，使句子成分有效地結(jié)合起來。 2021/8/11 星期三40通常一個英語單句或從句僅有一個或幾個并列動詞充當謂語，其他動作的意義則用其他類詞，如非謂語動詞、名詞化結(jié)構、介詞、副詞等充當其他成分來表示。如：After so many years of isolation，I have nowreceived your letter，so I am very gladI am very glad to have recei