非限制性定語(yǔ)從句講解及8大考點(diǎn)

1、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句也是定語(yǔ)從句的一種，在高中語(yǔ)法知識(shí)中它也是非常重要的一項(xiàng)的，老師們對(duì)于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的講解也是非常重視的。因?yàn)樵诳荚囍薪?jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)該從句的講解，下面大家就跟隨小編一起來(lái)了解該從句的講解。說(shuō)到非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的講解，還要分成不同的部分，首先大家要知道就得就是該從句的作用是什么。 其實(shí)它在句子中是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的成分， 不會(huì)受到主句的限制，把從句去掉之后，主句仍然是成立的。這也是為什么它會(huì)叫做非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。其次，大家要了解該從句的形式：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞以及主句之間的關(guān)系不甚緊密，因而通常要用逗號(hào)與主句分隔開。例如：Have you seen the film

2、Titanic, whose leading actor is world famous?你看過(guò) “泰坦尼克號(hào) ”這部電影嗎 ?它的男主演可是世界聞名的。My friend, who has served on the International Olympic Committee all his life, isretiring next month.我有位朋友，他一輩子服務(wù)于國(guó)際奧林匹克委員會(huì)，下個(gè)月就要退休了。在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句也分成不同的種類，在不同情況下，該從句的使用方法也是不一樣的，在考試中經(jīng)常會(huì)考察大家對(duì)于該從句不同類型的運(yùn)用。如果大家不能很好的掌握這些用法，在考試的時(shí)候就一定會(huì)

3、丟分了，下面就是關(guān)于該從句不同類型的介紹：who 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句Our guide ，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook. 我們的向?qū)?，一個(gè)法裔加拿大人，擅長(zhǎng)于烹調(diào)。My gardener ， who is very pessimistic ，says that there will be no apples this year. 我家的園丁非常悲觀，他說(shuō)今年將不結(jié)蘋果。whom 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞 whom 用于指人，在句中作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ)，作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞可位于句末。如：Peter, whom you m

4、et in London, is now back in Paris. 彼得現(xiàn)在回巴黎了，你在倫敦見過(guò)他。Mr Smith ， from whom I have learned a lot ， is a famous scientist.史密斯先生是一位著名的科學(xué)家，我從他那兒學(xué)了許多東西。whose 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句whose 是關(guān)系代詞 who 的所有格形式，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。 whose 通常指人，也可指動(dòng)物或無(wú)生命的事物。如：The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard. 那位小男孩學(xué)習(xí)很努力，他的父親是位工程師。A

5、bove the trees are the mountains whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects onthe surface. 在樹林的高處是山，其壯麗的景色完全映照在河面上。 The play，whose style is rigidly formal ， is typical of the period. 這劇本是那個(gè)時(shí)期的典型作品，風(fēng)格拘謹(jǐn)刻板。which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞 which 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中所指代和修飾的可以是主句中的名詞、形容詞、短語(yǔ)、其他從句或整個(gè)主句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)或

6、表語(yǔ)。which 指代主句中的名詞，被指代的名詞包括表示物、嬰兒或動(dòng)物的名詞、表示單數(shù)意義的集體名詞以及表示職業(yè)、品格等的名詞。如：These apple trees，which I planted three years ago ，have not borne any fruit. 這些蘋果樹是我三年前栽的，還沒(méi)有結(jié)過(guò)果實(shí)。She is an artist， which I am not. 她是一位藝術(shù)家，而我不是。Water，which is a clear liquid ，has many uses.水是一種清澈的液體， 有許多用途。 The two policemen were com

7、pletely trusted ，which in fact they were. 那兩個(gè)警察完全受到信任，事實(shí)上，也真是如此。 which 指代主句中的形容詞。如：She was very patient towards the children ，which her husband seldom was. 她對(duì)孩子們很耐心，她丈夫卻很少這樣。She is always careless，which we should not be.她總是馬虎大意，我們可不應(yīng)該這樣。 which 指代主句中的某個(gè)從句。如：He said that he had never seen her before，w

8、hich was not true. 他說(shuō)以前從沒(méi)見過(guò)她，這不是真的。 which 指代整個(gè)主句。如：In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable. 在那么多人面前他有點(diǎn)緊張，這是可以理解的。He may have acute appendicitis， in which case he will have to be operated on. 他可能得了急性盲腸炎，如果是這樣，他就得動(dòng)手術(shù)。When deeply absorbed in work ，which he often

9、was ，he would forget all about eatingand sleeping. 他經(jīng)常聚精會(huì)神地工作，這時(shí)他會(huì)廢寢忘食。when 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞 when 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，指代主句中表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。如：He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.他將把郊游推遲到5月 1 號(hào)，那時(shí)他將有空。where 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞 where 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，指代主句中表示地點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。如：They went to London ，where t

10、hey lived for six months. 他們?nèi)チ藗惗兀?在那兒呆了六個(gè)月的時(shí)間。They reached there yesterday, where a negotiation of sale will be held. 他們昨天抵達(dá)那里 , 有一個(gè)關(guān)于銷售的談判在那兒舉行。as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句as 引出非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)， 代替整個(gè)主句， 對(duì)其進(jìn)行說(shuō)明但通常用于像 as we allaknow, as it is know, as is know to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above,

11、 as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。 as 在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，且引出的從句位置比較靈活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中間。通常均由逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開。 as 有 “正如 ， 就像”之意。 如：As it known to the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer. 美國(guó)人都知道，馬克 ?吐溫是一位偉大的美國(guó)作家。 (as 在從句中作主語(yǔ) )He forgot to bring his pen

12、with him, as was often the case.他忘了帶筆， 這是常事。(as 在從句中作主語(yǔ))He is absorbed in work, as he often was.他正在全神貫注地工作，他過(guò)去經(jīng)常這樣。 (as 在從句中作表語(yǔ))Boy as he was， he was chosen king. 他雖是孩子，卻被選為國(guó)王。(as 在從句中作表語(yǔ) )as we all know, the earth is round. 眾所周知，地球是圓的。(as 在從句中作賓語(yǔ))The two brothers were satisfied with this decision ，

13、as was agreed beforehand.兩兄弟對(duì)此決定都滿意，這項(xiàng)決定在事前都已得到他們的同意。 (as 在從句中作主語(yǔ) ) Taiwan is ，as you know ，an inseparable part of China. 你知道， 臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)不可分割的一部分。 (as 在從句中作賓語(yǔ))(8) “介詞 +關(guān)系代詞 ”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在介詞后引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系代詞which 有時(shí)并不代表主句中某一確定的詞，而是概括整個(gè)主句的意思。介詞的選擇取決于它與先行詞的搭配或與從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配。They were short of sticks to make fram

14、es for the climbing vines ， without which the yield would be halved. 他們?nèi)贝钇咸鸭艿臈U兒，沒(méi)有它們產(chǎn)量會(huì)減少一半。They thanked Tom ， without whose support they would not have succeeded. 這些鄰居是北京來(lái)的，昨天我被介紹同他們認(rèn)識(shí)了。“名詞 /代詞 +of+which / whom ”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句It now has 20 ， 000 hectares of land， more than two-thirds of which are unde

15、r cultivation. 現(xiàn)在它擁有兩萬(wàn)公頃土地，其中三分之二之多已經(jīng)耕種。Light is the fast thing in the world, the speed of which is 300.000 kilometeThere are 30 chairs in the small hall, most of which are new. 大廳里有三十把椅子，絕大部分是新的。he textile mill has over 8 ，000 workers and staff ，eighty per cent of whom are women.這家紡織廠有8 千多職工，女職工占百分

16、之八十。通過(guò)對(duì)該從句的講解，大家可以看出，它的種類真的是非常多，不同的詞語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的從句用法都是不同的，大家要學(xué)會(huì)區(qū)分不同用法所表示的含義。雖然該從句在選擇題中考察的非常多，但是大家在閱讀題中也會(huì)看見這樣的從句，所以說(shuō)，大家學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)并不只是為了語(yǔ)法的題目，它對(duì)于大家整個(gè)英語(yǔ)水平的提升都是非常有幫助的。除此之外大家還要注意一些非限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的特殊情況：1.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不可用that 引導(dǎo)， 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中用who(作主語(yǔ)) /whom( 作賓語(yǔ))指人，用which( 作主語(yǔ)/ 賓語(yǔ))指物，用whose作定語(yǔ)( 指人/ 物)。例如：The famous basketball st

17、ar, who tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.這位試圖打反擊的著名籃球明星吸引了眾人的關(guān)注。The film, whose director is an old man, is very instructive.這部電影很有教育意義，它的導(dǎo)演是位老人。2.關(guān)系代詞在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略，若指人時(shí)，只用 whom ，不用 who。例如：York, which I visited last year, is a nice old city.我去年訪問(wèn)過(guò)的約克是個(gè)古老而美麗的城市。Please give t

18、he book to Jessica, whom we met in the hall just now.請(qǐng)把這本書交給杰西卡，就是剛才我們?cè)诖髲d里遇到的那位。3.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不可用why 引導(dǎo)，需用 for which 替代 why 。例如：None of us accepted the reason he explained, for which he was absent.我們沒(méi)有一個(gè)人接受他所解釋的缺席的理由。以上的內(nèi)容就是小編給大家總結(jié)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的講解，希望能夠在大家學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法的過(guò)程中對(duì)大家有所幫助。任何一個(gè)小的語(yǔ)法在英語(yǔ)考試中都是非常重要的，常見的語(yǔ)法考察的內(nèi)容就是單選，

19、完形和改錯(cuò)這幾個(gè)題目，所以對(duì)于語(yǔ)法考察的內(nèi)容所占的比例也是不小的，所以大家一定要重視。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的八類考點(diǎn)湖南陳根花考點(diǎn)一考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的基本用法非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的基本用法指的是定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，通常置于主句之后，但有時(shí)也置于主句中間或主句之前（僅限于as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句）。如：His best movie, whichwon several awards, was about the lifeof Gandhi. 他的最佳影片，就是榮獲幾項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)的那部，是關(guān)于甘地生平的。The train, whichtakes only two hours to get there

20、, is quicker than the bus, whichtakes three. 坐火車去那兒要比坐汽車快，坐火車只要2 小時(shí)，而坐汽車要3 小時(shí)。Anyway,that evening, whichI tellyou more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel places. 不管怎樣，那個(gè)晚上我最后待在了雷切爾那里，我以后會(huì)告訴你更多那晚的情況。The house, which was completed in 1856, was famous for its huge marble staircase. 這座房子建于 1856 年

21、，以巨大的大理石樓梯聞名。People threw coins onto the stage, as was the custom. 人們向舞臺(tái)上扔錢幣，這是他們的習(xí)俗?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】（答案為 CA ）It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all. (2012陜西卷 )A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whatBy 16:30, _ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.(2012 江西卷 )A

22、. whichB. whenC. whatD. that考點(diǎn)二考查分離型非限制性定語(yǔ)從句所謂分離型非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指的是引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞與它所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句被其他一些詞語(yǔ)（如插入語(yǔ)等）隔開，從而造成關(guān)系詞與定語(yǔ)從句的分離。如：Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which,of course, made the others envy him.海倫對(duì)她的小兒子要比對(duì)其他的兒子好，這使得其他的兒子很嫉妒他。The higher the interest rate, the greater the

23、 financialrisk,which, of course, cuts bothways. 利率越高，金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就越大，這當(dāng)然是個(gè)有利有弊的事。There are those, you know,who, by circumstance, end up homeless. 您知道，會(huì)有那么一些人，因?yàn)槊\(yùn)捉弄而落得無(wú)家可歸?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】（答案為 BB ）Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _, for some reason, had withdra wn from all human society. (2012 浙江卷 )A. whic

24、hB. whoC. whereD. whomMary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, ma de all the others upset. (2011 北京卷 )A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that考點(diǎn)三考查具有同位關(guān)系的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句所謂“同位型”，主要指“用作同位語(yǔ)的不定代詞+of which ”這類結(jié)構(gòu)。其中用作同位語(yǔ)的不定代詞主要包括all, any, each, both, either, neither, none 等。如：They produced two

25、reports, neither of which contained any useful suggestions. 他們作了兩個(gè)報(bào)告，都沒(méi)有什么有用的建議。The machines, each of whichis perhaps fivefeet in diameter, are not the largest devices in the room. 這些機(jī)器每臺(tái)直徑大約5 英尺，它們并不是這間屋里最大的設(shè)備。He has a shelf fullof things, each of whichhas associations forhim. 他的一個(gè)擱架上擺滿了東西，每一樣都能勾起他

26、許多回憶。He devotes most of hid words to two topics: money and health, each of whichhe seemed to lack in equal measure. 他用大部分篇幅論述兩個(gè)論題，即金錢和健康，而這兩樣他都同樣缺乏?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】（答案為 CA ）Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television. (20 12 山東卷 )A. themB. thatC. whichD. whatEnglish is a language sh

27、ared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it s omewhat differently. (2011 浙江卷 )A. whichB. whatC. themD. those類型四考查含有整體與部分關(guān)系的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句所謂“部分型”，主要指“先行詞這個(gè)整體中的一部分+of which/ whom”這類結(jié)構(gòu)（其中的of表示整體與部分的關(guān)系）。這類結(jié)構(gòu)中的“部分”可以是基數(shù)詞one, two, three, four 等，可以是序數(shù)詞the first,the second, the third 等（包括 the last），可以是分?jǐn)?shù)詞

28、a third,twothirds 等，可以是表示數(shù)量意義的不定代詞some, many, half, most, several, afew 等，可以是比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)（如the bigger, the biggest 等），等等。如：There are two (bottles)left, one of which is almost finished and the other of whichis not quite. 只剩兩瓶，一瓶快喝完了，另一瓶沒(méi)完全喝完。I bought a dozen eggs, six of whichbroke when I dropped the box.

29、 我買了一打雞蛋，六個(gè)在我失手掉了盒子時(shí)摔碎了。There were a lot of computers at the exhibition,any (one) of which wouldhave suited me perfectly.展覽會(huì)上有很多電腦，無(wú)論哪一種都會(huì)非常適合我用。I was given three books on cooking, the firstof whichI really enjoyed. 有人給我三本關(guān)于烹飪的書，其中的第一本我特別喜歡。注意，“表示整體中一部分的詞語(yǔ) +of which / whom ”有時(shí)也可說(shuō)成“ of which / wh om

30、+表示整體中一部分的詞語(yǔ) ”。如：There were 500 passengers, 121 of whom drowned.=There were 500 passengers, of whom 121 drowned. 共有 500 位乘客，其中有121 人被淹死了?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】（答案為 CA ）1.A.In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses. (2012 四川卷 ) in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of themThe settlement is home to nearly 1,

31、000 people, many of _ left their villagehomesA.fora better lifein the city. (2010 浙江卷 )whomB. whichC.themD. those類型五考查含所有關(guān)系的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句所謂“所有型”，主要指在“名詞+of which/ whom ”這類結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞of表示所有關(guān)系，如the price of the vase，假若在出題語(yǔ)境中the vase 用作了先行詞，那么該結(jié)構(gòu)就會(huì)變?yōu)?the price of which 。如：In 1980 he caught a serious illness the

32、effects of whichhe still suffers from. 1980 年他患了到現(xiàn)在對(duì)他仍有影響的重病。The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of whichwere saved for other purposes. 該工廠使用了65%的原材料，其余的原材料被節(jié)省下來(lái)用作其他用途。【真題再現(xiàn)】（答案為 CD ）She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _ had taken m ore than three years

33、. (2011 江西卷 )A. for whichB. with whichC. of whichD. to whichThe newly built caf ,the walls of _ are painted light green, is really a peac eful place for us, specially after hard work. (2010 江蘇卷 )A. thatB. itC. whatD. which類型六考查“介詞+關(guān)系代詞 ”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞 ”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，要特別注意正確選用其中的介詞這個(gè)介詞既可能與先行詞的搭配

34、習(xí)慣有關(guān)，也可能與定語(yǔ)從句中的某個(gè)名詞、動(dòng)詞或形容詞等的搭配習(xí)慣有關(guān)。如：The Towerof London, in whichso many people lost their lives, is now a tourist attraction. 在倫敦塔中曾有許多人喪命，它現(xiàn)在是旅游勝地。（注意搭配in the Tower of London）Eric received trainingin computer for one year, after whichhe found a job in a bigcompany. 埃里克接受了為期一年的計(jì)算機(jī)培訓(xùn)，這之后他在一家大公司里找到一份

35、工作。（注意搭配after he received trainingin computer forone year）The Acme Travel Agency, with whichour company has been dealing for several years, has opened four new branches. 我們公司與之打了好幾年交道的艾科米旅行社開設(shè)了四個(gè)新的分社。（注意搭配 deal with the Acme Travel Agency ）【真題再現(xiàn)】（答案為 BD ）1.100 is the temperature _ whichwater willboi

36、l.(2012 全國(guó)卷 II)A. forB. atC. onD. of2. Care of the soul is a gradual process, _ even the small details of lifeshouldbe considered. (2012 湖南卷 )A. what B. in what C. which D. in which類型七考查關(guān)系代詞作定語(yǔ)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句能用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞通常只有兩個(gè)whose 和 which 。它們的區(qū)別是：which 用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)， 其意義相當(dāng)于指示代詞this 或that；whose 用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)， 其意義相當(dāng)于物主代

37、詞（ ones）或所有格結(jié)構(gòu)（the of ）。如：The postman comes at6.30 inthe morning,at which time I am usually fast asleep. 郵遞員早晨6 點(diǎn) 30 分來(lái)，這個(gè)時(shí)候我通常還睡著大覺呢。（at whichtime 在此相當(dāng)于and at that time ）He won twant to eat it unless he sreally hungry, in which case he lleat almost anything.除非很餓，否則他不會(huì)吃東西，一旦餓了，他幾乎什么都吃。（ in which case在此相當(dāng)于 and in that case）Have you seen the film“ Titanicwhose”, leading actor is worldfamous? 你看過(guò)那部由世界著名演員主演的電影 泰坦尼克嗎？（whose 在此相當(dāng)于and its）I went to see my friends the Forrests, whose childrenI used to lookafter w