高三英語情態(tài)動詞總結(jié) 完整版課件PPT

1、2010屆英語復(fù)習(xí)語法專題情態(tài)動詞 最近幾年高考試題中常常借助語境來考查情態(tài)動詞的基本用法及其區(qū)別，因此在平時學(xué)習(xí)時準(zhǔn)確理解和掌握情態(tài)動詞的基本用法十分重要。情態(tài)動詞的用法復(fù)雜多變，在高考試題中，命題者常常利用語境和句子之間意義上的細(xì)微差別來考查學(xué)生對情態(tài)動詞的理解和掌握。對于情態(tài)動詞，除了要求考生能夠準(zhǔn)確掌握它們的基本用法外，還要充分利用高考試題所設(shè)置的語境來分析句子之間所體現(xiàn)的特殊關(guān)系。下面就近幾年來高考試題中出現(xiàn)的情態(tài)動詞的考點進行歸納分析，以便同學(xué)們復(fù)習(xí)掌握。一、用“情態(tài)動詞have done”結(jié)構(gòu)表示對過去動作的推測，高考試題中常用過去時態(tài)或過去的時間狀語給以暗示。情態(tài)動詞的這一用法

2、可以用 “對立統(tǒng)一”來概括。1當(dāng)試題的前句和后句在動作和意義上相互補充說明，且整個句意在動作和時間上是一個整體時，我們可用“統(tǒng)一”關(guān)系來解決這樣的試題。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：must have done： 表示對過去動作的肯定推測，常譯作“一定做了”，只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式為cantcouldnt have done 疑問式為CanCould.have done。could might have done：表示對過去發(fā)生的動作的可能性推測，常譯作“可能做了”。如：1) Sorry Im late I have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to

3、 sleep again (北京 2000春)A might B should C can D will該題前句說明了結(jié)果，后句接著說出了產(chǎn)生這種結(jié)果的可能性，對前句進行補充說明。分析選項可知本題應(yīng)選A。解析2) My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he your lecture (上海 2000)A couldnt have attended B neednt have attended C mustnt have attended D shouldnt have attended 該題前句敘說一個客觀

4、事實，后句對前句進行補充說明，分析選項可知C是錯誤的 而B、D兩項不符合題意。故本題選A。 解析Jack yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me (上海06)A mustnt have arrived B shouldnt have arrived C cant have arrived D need not have arrived解析cant have arrived 表示強烈的否定的猜測。語氣較弱時用couldnt have done or might not have done or may not have done .2當(dāng)試題的前后句在

5、動作和意義上構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系時，常借助“but, however, instead”等詞來表示過去的動作與客觀事實不符，這時我們就可以用“對立”關(guān)系來解決這樣的試題。這種結(jié)構(gòu)常見的有：should have done ought to have done：表示過去本應(yīng)該做某事而實際上沒有做。should not have done ought not to have done：表示過去本不應(yīng)該做某事但事實上卻做了。need not have done：表示過去本來沒有必要做某事，但事實上卻做了。3) I was really anxious about you You _ home without

6、 a word (NMET2001)A mustnt leave B shouldnt have left C couldnt have left D neednt leave分析該題前后句之間的關(guān)系和語氣可知，事實上是 “本不應(yīng)該離家出走卻走了”，故本題選B。解析4) I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I for her (NMET04)A had to write it out B must have written it outC should have written it out D ought to write it out由句中的

7、連詞but可知前后句之間是對立關(guān)系，分析題意可知本題應(yīng)選C。解析5) How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods and fields, the days when I had played and_! should have studied B. had studiedC. could have studied D. studied解析I should have studied。本來該學(xué)習(xí)的，但是卻逃學(xué)到樹林里玩了。6）“Its our own fault, ”I thought bitterly. “We should have cut aw

8、ay the jungle brush. ” A. didnt cut away B. must have cut awayC. should have cut away D. couldnt have cut away解析從Its our own fault可以看出：問題出在我們身上。“我們本應(yīng)該在灌木沖中砍出一條路來。二、考查情態(tài)動詞基本用法之間的比較和辨析。最近幾年高考試題中常借助具體的語境來考查考生對那些最常見的情態(tài)動詞的基本用法的理解和掌握，因此在做這樣的試題時應(yīng)認(rèn)真分析語境中所含的實際意義，并結(jié)合情態(tài)動詞的基本含義和用法做出正確的選擇。1. Is John coming by tr

9、ainHe should, but he not He likes driving his car (NMET2002)A must B can C need D may解析mustnt 表示“禁止、不準(zhǔn)”；cannot 表示“不可能”；need not 表示“不必要”；may not 表示“可能不”。分析語境可知本題應(yīng)選D。2) I hear youve got a set of valuable Australian coins I have a lookYes, certainly (北京2005春)A Do B May C Shall D Should分析語境可知這是在征求對方的許可，

10、may表示“允許、可以”，語氣比較委婉 shall常用于第一、三人稱作主語的疑問句中,表示征求對方意見和指示，如果此空用shall，則意為“要（我）看一下嗎？”，不符合上下文意思。故本題選B。 解析3) Mr Bush is on time for everything How it be that he was late for the opening ceremony (上海2001春)A can B should C may D must must be 表示肯定的猜測，只能用于肯定句中，由題意可知本題應(yīng)選A。 解析4) Are you coming to Jeffs partyIm n

11、ot sure I go to the concert instead (NMET2000)A must B would C should D might 解析由題意和下句中的 “Im not sure” 可知這段對話中存在一種可能性推測，might可以用來表示一種比較委婉的可能性判斷，故本題選D。 5）I should have been there, but I not find the time (上海2000春)A would B could C might D should分析題意可知第二個分句表示過去的某種能力；C 項只表示語氣上的可能性，與題意不符。故本題選B。解析6) John

12、ny, you play with the knife, you hurt yourself (NMET96)A wont; cant B mustnt; may C shouldnt; must D cant; shouldnt mustnt 表示“不可以；禁止”，分析題意可知第二個空表示某種可能性，故本題選B。 解析7) Will you stay for lunchSorry, My brother is coming to see me (NMET99)A I mustnt B I cant C I neednt D I wont 分析題意可知因為“我弟弟要來看我”，所以“不能留下”，

13、因此對別人的邀請或要求應(yīng)給予禮貌的拒絕。A 項表示“禁止”；C項表示“不必要”；而D項表示“不會”，均不符合題意。故本題選B。 解析8)When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoonThey be ready by 1200 (NMET98)A can B should C might D need該題考查情態(tài)動詞should的基本含義，表示揣測，表示可能或期望，意思是照理說來、應(yīng)該。分析句意可知本題應(yīng)選B。 解析He should be having class now.他現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該是在上課。 As far as I

14、know you shouldnt have any problems there.就我所知，在那里你不會遇到任何問題。According to the schedule, they should have arrived in Shanghai by now/ yesterday.按照計劃，他們現(xiàn)在/昨天應(yīng)該已經(jīng)到達(dá)上海了吧。又如：9) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out(NMET97) A had to B would C could D was able to該題考查了could和be a

15、ble to的區(qū)別，二者都可表示過去時間的能力，但如果表示過去成功地做了某事只能使用was were able to do，故本題選D。解析Though, at first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble. The plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet.Byrd now k

16、new that he would be able to reach the South Pole which was 300 miles away.The aircraft was able to fly over the endless white plains without difficulty.又如：10) Shall I tell John about it No, you Ive told him already (NMET94)A neednt B wouldnt C mustnt D shouldnt 情態(tài)動詞shall在試題中表示征詢對方意見或請求指示。答句暗示 “沒有必要

17、了”，故本題選A。解析I promise her daughter _ get a nice present on her birthday.Will it be a big surprise to her?A. should B. must C. would D. shall解析shall表示”允諾”，根據(jù)講話人語氣可以知道，選項部分表示講話是給對方的一種承諾，故應(yīng)該選情態(tài)動詞shall用于第二或第三人稱用作主語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中。答案D。 Just as we were sitting down to have dinner, the telephone _ ring.A. mustB. cou

18、ldC. mightD. need解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要準(zhǔn)確把握情態(tài)動詞must的特殊意義在語境中的用法。must 在此表示說話人的愿望或感到不耐煩，意思為偏要。句子意思為：正當(dāng)我們要坐下來吃飯時，偏偏電話鈴響了。其它選項無此意義，答案A。解析Mrs Smith, I will fetch ten chairs for the meeting.You _fetch ten; six will do.A. may not B. mustnt C. needntD. cantmay not不可以，表示允許； mustnt一定不，表禁止； neednt沒必要，表示一種建議；cant不能，表示某種可能性。

19、根據(jù)說話人語氣，應(yīng)選neednt。答案C。解析You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.A. cantB. should C. mustD. neednt解答該題的關(guān)鍵是對cant.too.to固定短語的理解。根據(jù)句子意義：無論怎么注意你的閱讀技巧都不過分。同時句中由于有了too.to結(jié)構(gòu)，只有cant 可以與它構(gòu)成固定短語，有此含義。其它選項無此意。答案A。解析情態(tài)動詞用法小結(jié)一、表示可能或預(yù)測can,could,will,would,shall,should,must,ought to

20、1.can 和 could 用于表示可能或預(yù)測：He cant be at home. (否定句） 他不可能在家。2) Can the news be true ? (將情態(tài)動詞 can 置于主語 the news 前就成疑問句) 這消息可能是真的嗎?3)Anybody can make mistake. (只表示理論上的可能性) 任何人都可能犯錯誤。4) At that time we thought the story could not be true. (表示過去的可能性)那時我們認(rèn)為所說的故事不可能是真的。5) An accident can happen if you do thi

21、s. (表示事情肯定會發(fā)生)如果你這樣做，可能會發(fā)生意外。2.may 和 might 用于表示事實上的可能性或預(yù)測：1)It may rain tomorrow.(表示可能會發(fā)生)明天可能會下雨。2)It may snow later this afternoon. (表示預(yù)測)今天下午可能會下雪。3)You might be right. (表示有可能)你可能是對的。6)If you took some exercise, you might not be so fat. (might 用于條件句)要是你鍛煉鍛煉，可能不會這樣胖。4)It is possible he may have ca

22、lled while we were out. (現(xiàn)在完成式型mayhave called)當(dāng)我們出門后，他有可能會打電話來。5)Sam might have taken the money, but it seems unlikely. (過去完成式型might have taken)錢可能會是Sam拿走的，但又不太像。3. will 和 would 用于表示預(yù)測或習(xí)慣性：1)I think he will be all right now. (will be 表示一定會)我想他現(xiàn)在一定好了。2)He would come to see me when he was in London. (

23、would 表示習(xí)慣地) 他在倫敦時，常來看望我。3)He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.(will 表示經(jīng)常的) 他經(jīng)常一連幾個小時坐在那兒看著河水。4. must 用于表示必定，必會：1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定)這肯定對你是有益的。2.All mankind must die.(表示必然會發(fā)生的事) 所有的人一定會死的。3.Mustnt there be a mistake ? (mustnt 多用于疑問句) 那肯定會有錯誤嗎？5. ought to 用于表示想必

24、會(語氣較must 弱)：1)They ought to be there by now.他們想必已到那兒了。2) He ought to stop smoking. 他最好不要抽煙了。二、表示許可、請求(Can, Could, Will, Would, Shall, Should, May, Might, Must)1can 和 could 用于表示許可、請求：1) Can I go with you ? (請求)我能跟你一起走嗎？2) Father said I could go to cinema. (表示過去的許可)爸爸說我可以去看電影。3) Could I ask you somet

25、hing ? (請求,用 could 比 can 更婉轉(zhuǎn))我可以問你一件事嗎？4) Cant you do it now ? (表示反問)你不能現(xiàn)在做嗎？ 5. You cannot smoke in the meeting room. (cannot 表示禁止)會議室里不許吸煙。2. will 和 would 用于表示請求Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office ?(表示客氣請求)請問到郵局怎么走？2. Would you give me your address ? (用 would 比 will 表示更客氣)請你告訴我你的地址，

26、好嗎？ 3. shall 和 should 用于第一人稱，表示征求對方的意見Shall we talk?我們談?wù)労脝幔?) What should we do next ? (用should 比 shall 表示更客氣)下一步我們該怎么做？3) Shall he come to see you ? (用于第三人稱疑問句)要不要他來看你？4. may 和 might 用于表示許可(口語中多用 can )You may take a walk. (表示給予許可)你可以散散步。2) You might read the story for me. (比may更婉轉(zhuǎn))是否請給我讀一讀這故事。3) Ma

27、y I make a suggestion ? 我可以提個建議嗎？4) Might I take a look of your work ?我看看您的大作行嗎？5) Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不許可或禁止)學(xué)生不得在圖書館里吵鬧。6) If I may say so, you are not right. (用于條件句，表示請求)你是不對的，如果我可以這么說的話。5. must 用于表示禁止，不準(zhǔn)： Cars must not be parked here. (must not表示不許可)此地不準(zhǔn)停車。2) A

28、ll of you mustnt fishing in the pool. (must not 語氣方面比 may not 更強)你們不準(zhǔn)在池里釣魚。三、情態(tài)動詞的用法：表示“應(yīng)該”、“必須”（Shall, Should, May, Might, Must, Ought to)1. Shall 和 Should 用于表示“必須”：Each member shall wear a name card. (表示規(guī)定)每一個會員必須配帶名卡。2) I should answer his letter as soon as possible. (表示應(yīng)該)我應(yīng)該盡快給他回信。3) You should

29、nt judge a man always by the clothes. (shouldnt “不應(yīng)該”含有勸告的意思)你不應(yīng)該總是以貌取人。4) The rules shall take effect onJan. 1st.(shall 用于規(guī)章等，表示義務(wù)和規(guī)定)新規(guī)則于一月一日起生效。2. May 和 Might 用于表示“應(yīng)該(用于法律等條文，一般上多用 shall ):Payment may be paid by check.(表示規(guī)定)應(yīng)以支票付款。2) You might ask before you use my computer.(might表示應(yīng)該)你應(yīng)該先問過再使用我的

30、電腦。3. Must 用于表示“必須”、“務(wù)必”：1) You must keep the place clean. (務(wù)必)你務(wù)必保持地方干凈。2) We must obey orders. (表示有義務(wù))我們必須服從命令。3) Must I pay now ? (用于疑問句) (如回答不必時，需用 neednt 或 dont haveto)我現(xiàn)在就得付款嗎？4. Ought to 用于表示“應(yīng)該”(強調(diào)客觀上)：(大多情況可用 should 代替)1) You ought to go to see the doctor. (ought to 的語氣比must 弱) 你應(yīng)該去看看醫(yī)生。2)

31、You oughtnt (ought not) to smoke so much. (oughtnt 用于否定句)你不應(yīng)該抽這么多煙。3) Ought you to smoke so much? (用于疑問句) 你應(yīng)該抽這么多煙嗎？四、情態(tài)動詞的用法：表示“意圖”、“打算”(will, would, shall, should)1.will 和 would 用于表示某種意圖：1) Ill will call you as soon as possible.(will 主要用于第一人稱)我會盡快打電話給你。2) Will you accept this invitation ? (用would

32、則表示得客氣) 你愿意接受這邀請嗎？3. Who will do the job ? (用于條件句，可用于各種人稱) 誰愿意做這事？4. We wont (will not) stay here too long. (will not 表示不愿) 我們不愿呆在這里太久。2. shall 和 should 用于表示說話人的意圖：1) We shant (shall not) to if it rains. (shall not 也可用 will not)如果下雨，我們就不打算走了。2) I shant go with you. (shall 只用在第一人稱)我不打算和你一同走。五、情態(tài)動詞的用法

33、：表示“意愿” （will, would, shall, should)1. will 和 would ：She will do it if you ask her.(表示主語的意愿) 如果你問她，她會做的。 Would you have another cup of tea ? (用 would 比 will 客氣) 你想再來一杯茶嗎？ 3. Will you have some cookies ? (will 用于疑問句，表示問人是否愿意)你想吃些烤餅嗎？4. If he will he can do it. (will 用于條件句，用于第二、三人稱)如果他愿意，他會做的。5. Would

34、 you excuse me ? (would 表示婉轉(zhuǎn)語氣)你能原諒我嗎？六、情態(tài)動詞的用法：表示“決心”(will, would, shall, would)1. will 和 would ：1) I will stop smoking.(will 表示主語 I 的決心。不能用 Ill) 我決心戒煙了。2) If you will go, you may go at once. (用于條件句，用于第二、三人稱) 如果你非走不可，你可以馬上就走。能力提升1. Whatever you want, you have it on condition that you get the best r

35、esult. said the boss.would B. ought to C. shall D. could2. Whats wrong with your pen.?The ink _come out.A. cant B. doesnt C. hasnt D. won t3. Will you stay here for supper, Jane?Sorry, I _. My parents are waiting for me at home.A, cant B. neednt C. mustnt D. wont4. It rained so heavily that I had no

36、 choice but to stay at home. Anybody in your position_. the same.A. does B. will do C. has done D. would have done5. It is said that China will soon be a member of WTO. Well, its wonderful that the Chinese people _have made so much progress these years.A. must B. can C. should D. may6. They didnt wa

37、nt to come with us at first, but then we _ persuade them.would B. could C. were able to D. had to7. She the hospital so soon, for she has not yet recovered.A. wouldnt have left B. shouldnt have leftC. mustnt have left D. didnt have to leave7. Considering that Tom always did well in all his subjects,

38、 he in the final exam.A. mustnt fail B. couldnt have failedC. ought not to fail D. mustnt have failed8. Shall I go and buy two more bottles of beer?No, Ive already bought twenty. That be enough for us two.A. ought to B. will C. may D. might9. Tom, would you like to come to our dinner party? .Yes, I

39、would B. Yes, with pleasure C. No, I cant come D. Yes, I may10. Is there a flight to Paris this evening? There _ be. I 11 phone the airport and find it out.A. must B. would C. might D. can11. A man answered the phone. I suppose it was her husband. It _ her husband. He has been dead for ages.A. mustn

40、t be B. couldnt have beenC. may not have been D. mustnt have been12. I didnt go to work yesterday afternoon because my car broke down. You mine. I wasnt using it.A. might borrow B. could have borrowedC. can have borrowed D. ought to borrow13. I wonder if I smoke here. No, you. Could you see the sign

41、 No Smoking there?can, neednt B. shall, wont C. must, cant D. may, mustnt14. There are only eight photos here. I twenty-two.A. ought to have been B. ought to beC. ought to have D. ought to have had15. He was taken away by the police. He for a robber.A. must be mistaken B. was being mistakenC. must m

42、istake D. must have been mistaken16. I wonder why Mr. Wang didnt attend the lecture. He another one.A. could have B. must have C. might have had D. should have had17. Shall I book a table for the dinner? _. The restaurant wont be full this evening.A. Yes, you may B. No, you mustntC. No, you neednt D

43、. No, you cant18. English is a language that many people around the world _not speak perfectly but at least understand.A. may, can B. would, might C. will, must D. could, might19. You must phone us every week. Yes, I .must B. have to C. will D. should20. Did you visit the famous museum? No, we _, but we spent too much time shopping.A. could have B. must have visitedC. didnt have time D. shouldnt 21. The line is