經(jīng)典全面中考定語從句講解與練習(xí)(含答案)

1、 經(jīng)典全面中考定語從句講解與練習(xí)（含答案）定語從句(一)關(guān)系代詞TheAttributiveClauseRelativePronoun一、定義：在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后，對(duì)其先行詞起限定作用。二、關(guān)系詞定語從句的關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中可作主語、賓語、表語、定語等。關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作狀語。三、關(guān)系代詞代替人代替物代替人或物主語whowhichthat賓語whom/whowhichthat定語whosewhosethat的用法that既可以指人，也可以指物

2、，指人時(shí)可與who,whom互換，指物時(shí)有時(shí)可與which互換。在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語。Hisfatherworksinafactorythat/whichmakescar.他父親在一家汽車制造廠工作。作主語，指物Thelady(that/who/whom)IwanttovisittaughtmeFrenchatthattime.我要去拜訪的那位女士那個(gè)時(shí)候教我法語。作賓語，指人Theschoolthat/whichwevisitedyesterdayisagoodone.我們昨天參觀的學(xué)校是所好學(xué)校。作賓語，指物which的用法which一般指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語，作賓語時(shí)可以

3、省略(放在介詞后除外)。Which也可以指代這個(gè)主句。Adictionaryisabookwhich/thatgivesthemeaningofwords.字典就是講解單詞意思的書作主語Hereisthebook(which/that)theteachermentionedyesterday.這就是老師昨天說得那本書作賓語Thesunheatsthesun,whichmakesitpossibleformantolive.太陽給地球熱量，這使得人類能夠生存代替整個(gè)主句I1()WI1OH1的用法Whom在從句中用作賓語，現(xiàn)在僅用于正式文體。用who代替whom在從句中做賓語，主語用于口語。如：T

4、hegentlemanwhomRoseencounteredaddressedherwithcourtesy.羅斯遇到的那位先生很有禮貌地和她講話。(正式文體)ThemanwhoIsawiscalledSmith.我見到的那個(gè)人名叫史密斯。(非正式文體)在口語中，who,whom,which在從句中做動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí)，常常省去。如：Idon，tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.我不喜歡光說不練TOC o 1-5 h z的人。|作主語Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate?你認(rèn)識(shí)我們?cè)陂T口遇見的那個(gè)年輕人嗎？|作賓語Hedidn

5、tbecomethepersonwhohisfatherwantedhimtobe.他沒有成為他父親希望的那種人。廠作表語注意：whom在從句中作介詞的賓語，且介詞提到whom前面時(shí)，不能用who代替。IhavemanyfriendstowhomIwillsendpostcards.我有許多需要寄賀卡的朋友。4.whose的用法whose在從句中作定語，可以指人也可以指物。Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.這個(gè)女孩學(xué)習(xí)很努力，她指人WehaveEnglishclassesintheclassroomwhosedoorisbroken.我們?cè)?/p>

6、那個(gè)門壞了的教室上英語課。|指物四、限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開，從句不可省去，非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開，起補(bǔ)充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。限制性定語從句：主句和從句不隔開，從句不能省略，否則就會(huì)失掉意義不能成立。如：Heisreadingabookwhichistoodifficultforhim.Hereistheboywhodamagedtheglass非限制性定語從句:主句和從句用逗號(hào)隔開，從句對(duì)修飾的部分起到進(jìn)一步說明的作用，拿掉后其它部分

7、的語意仍保持完整。如：ThebookiswrittenbyGuoJinming,whoisonly19yearsoldBobsfather,whowasanengineer,spent4yearsinEgyptShanghai,whichisdevelopingfast,hasbecomeoneofworldstradecenters【注意】：非限制性定語從句不能用that引導(dǎo)SheisveryfondofFrench,whichindeedshespeaksquitewellwhich還可以用來指代上文中的一件事情Theirhouseiswashedawaybythefloods,which

8、madethemverysad.Helosthisjobfinally,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.五、關(guān)系代詞的省略引導(dǎo)限制性賓語從句的關(guān)系代詞在作賓語、表語時(shí)可以省略，但作主語和引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞不可省略。Ihavebeenthecitytwice(which/that)youjustvisited你剛參觀完的那座城市，我去過兩次。After10years,Johnisnotthenaughtyboy(who/that)heusedtobe.10年后，約翰已經(jīng)不是當(dāng)年那個(gè)淘氣的男孩了。A.用符號(hào)標(biāo)出下列句子的主句、定語從句、先行詞和關(guān)系詞：主句：定

9、語從句：()先行詞：先行詞關(guān)系詞：that例：Thisisthebook(thatIhavebeenlookingfor).Themoviethatwesawlastnightisveryexciting.Haveyouboughtthebookwhichwetalkedabout?Istillrememberthedaywhichwespenttogetherlastweek.Hestilllivesinthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.TheboywhosefatherisapolicemanspeaksEnglishmostfluentlyinourclass.

10、ThegirlwhoyoumetwasJohnssister.B填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞Ihaveafriendlikeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.YesterdayEmmywaswearingthenewdressIgaveher.Themanlegwasbrokeninamatchwasafootballplayer.Kevinisreadingabookistoodifficultforhim.ThefamilyImstayingwithlivesinthecountry.Iknowthestudentbookwaspublished.Betty,hasneverbee

11、nabroad,isstudyingEnglishhard.Myparentsliveinahouseismorethan100yearsold.TheboywithJohnspokeismybrother.ShanghaiisthecityIvisitedlastsummer.1who2whichtha/3whose4which/that5that/省略6whose7who8which/that9whom10that/which/省略C.單項(xiàng)選擇Whoisthemanisreadingabookoverthere?（杭州）A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.whatThemanist

12、alkingwithmyteacherisTomsfather（四川眉山）A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whichLiMeiisthestudenthandwritingisthebestinourclass.（貴州銅仁）A.whoseB.whomC.whoD.thatThepeoplehelpedusbuildourhometownarefromBeijing.（四川德陽）A.whichB.whomC.whoTherewillbeastampshowinthemuseumwevisitedlastweek.（嘉興、舟山）A.whoB.whenC.whichD.whatPeterli

13、kesmusicisveryloudandenergetic.（山東臨沂）A.thatB.whoC.whomD./OneofthemostinterestingplacesinYangzhouareoftenvisitedbyforeignersistheWestSlenderLake.（揚(yáng)州）A.whatB.whoC.thatD./Whoisyournewheadteacherthissemester?（黃岡）Thewomaniswearingaredskirt.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.whichDoyouknowthemanisreadingthebookoverthere

14、?（湖北襄陽）Yes,hesMr.Green,ourPEteacher.A.whichB.whatC.whomD.whoIvebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.（湖北十堰）A.whoB.whereC.whenD.whichWhatareyoulookingfor?（長(zhǎng)沙）Imlookingforthebookyoulentmeyesterday.A.thatB.whoC.whoseTony,tellmetheresultofthediscussiony

15、ouhadwithyourdadyesterday.（河南）A.whatB.whichC.whenD.who5AAACC6-14CBDA1112AB定語從句（二）關(guān)系副詞TheAttributiveClauseRelativeAdverb一、關(guān)系副詞系副詞在句子中作狀語。常用的關(guān)系副詞有where,when,why,that等。關(guān)系副詞先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謜hen表示時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)間狀語where表示地點(diǎn)的名詞地點(diǎn)狀語whyreason原因狀語二、關(guān)系副詞的用法when的用法when指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，它的先行詞通常為time,day,morning,night,week,year等

16、。IllneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing我永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記來北京的第一天。Hecameatatimewhenweneededhelp.他在我們需要幫助的時(shí)候來了。where的用法where指地點(diǎn),在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。它的先行詞通常有place,factory,street,house,room,city,town,country,village,school等。ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.這就是我出生的房子。Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.他父親工作的那

17、家工廠在城市的東邊。why的用法why指原因，在從句中作原因狀語，其先行詞通常是reason。Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool沒有人知道他為什么總是遲到。Whocantellmethereasonwhythetrainwasdelayed?誰能告訴我火車延誤的原因？引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞代替與其相應(yīng)的先行詞，并且在從句中分別做時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語，關(guān)系副詞在意義上常常相當(dāng)于一個(gè)“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Ishallneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmet.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們第一次相遇的那一天。=Ishallnev

18、erforgetthedayonwhichwefirstmet.BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.北京是我出生的地方。=BeijingistheplaceinwhichIwasborn.Isthisthereasonforwhichherefusedouroffer?這就是他拒絕我們的理由嗎？=Isthisthereasonwhyherefusedouroffer?由此可見：r;awhen=on(in,at,during.)+whichwhere=in(at,on.)+whichwhy=forwhich名詞/代詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞Iboughtadozeneggs,h

19、alfofwhichwerebrokenwhenIgothome.我買了一打雞蛋，當(dāng)我到家時(shí)，碎了一半。A填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞ShanghaiistheplaceIwentlastsummer.ThereasonPeterissohappyisthathepassedthedrivingtest.Irememberthedaymydogdied.IwillgobacktothecityIgrowup.Sep.1stisthedaytheschoolstarts.Thefactorymyfatherworksmakestelephones.Thisistheroomshedoesherhomewor

20、keveryday.Wewenttovisitthehousethegreatwriterwasborn.Iwillneverforgetthedaywefirstmet.Pleasetellmethereasonyouwerelateagain.Key1訕阮2.wfty3WhenOwhich4where5when6where7where8where9.when10whyB.分別用關(guān)系副詞、介詞+關(guān)系代詞填空ThelibraryIoftenborrowbooksisnotfarfromhere.ThelibraryIoftenborrowbooksisnotfarfromhere.Isthis

21、thebusyouleftyourumbrella?Isthisthebusyouleftyourumbrella?October1,1949wasthedaythePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded.October1,1949wasthedaythePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded.Childrenarelookingforwardtotheholidaystheycanplaytogether.Childrenarelookingforwardtotheholidaystheycanplaytogether.Whoknowsth

22、ereasonthegirliscrying?Whoknowsthereasonthegirliscrying?Thereasontheflowersaredeadistoomuchwater.Thereasontheflowersaredeadistoomuchwater.Key1fromwhich;where2onwhich;where3onwhich;when4inwhich;when5.forwhich;why6.伽which;whyC單項(xiàng)選擇AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltownhegrewupasachild

23、.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.whenInthedarkstreet,therewasntasinglepersonshecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhomIsthistheplanehecametoNewYork?A.whichB.bywhichC.thatD.inwhichThisistheschoolIstudiedthreeyearsago.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.whichWhatdoyouusuallydoinyourleisuretime?Ienjoyreadinginthelibrary

24、Ilosemyselfinaworldofgoodbooks.A.whichB.thatC.whereIcantforgetthetimetheearthquakehappenedinYushu.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.whereIstillremembertheparkwefirstmet.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whenTheoldmanhastwosons,arelawyers.A.bothofthemB.bothofwhoC.bothofwhomD.bothoftheyHeisamanofgreatknowledge,muchcanbelearne

25、d.A.inwhomB.aboutwhomC.fromwhomD.ofwhomHehasleftBeijing,ameetingistobeheld.A.whenB.whereC.asD.whichKey:15BDDAC610ACCCBD.自我挑戰(zhàn)Illgiveyoumyfriendshomeaddress,Icanbereachedmostevenings.（北京）A.whichB.whenC.whomD.whereAlltheneighboradmirethisfamily,theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.（安徽）A.whyB.wher

26、eC.whichD.thatLifeislikealongracewecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.（重慶）A.whyB.whatC.thatD.whereWhatdoyouthinkofteaching?Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajobyouaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.（北京）A.whereB.whichC.whenD.thatSalesdirectorisapositioncommunicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesab

27、ility.（重慶）A.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereWeliveinanagemoreinformationisavailablewithgreateasethaneverbefore.（浙江）A.whyB.whenC.towhomD.onwhichKey:16DBDADB定語從句（三）定語從句的難點(diǎn)TheAttributiveClause一、只能使用that,不用which,who的情況1當(dāng)先行詞是all,much,few,little,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等不定代詞時(shí)；Allthatcanbedonehasbee

28、ndone.能做的都已經(jīng)做了。Ididntmeanthisone;Imeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday.我不是指這個(gè)，我是指昨天買的那個(gè)。2先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,theright,few,just等詞修飾時(shí)；Theresnodifficultythatwecantovercome沒有我們克服不了的困難。Ivereadallthebooksthatcanbeborrowedhere.我已經(jīng)讀完了這里能借的所有書。先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾，或先行詞本身就是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高

29、級(jí)時(shí)；ThisisthefirstletterthatlvewritteninJapanese.這是我用日語寫得第一封信。Sheisthemostcarefulgirlthatlveeverknown她是我認(rèn)識(shí)的最認(rèn)真的女孩。Hewasthefirstthatgaveussomeusefuladvice.他是第一個(gè)給我們一些有用建議的人。當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)；Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthattheyhadvisited.他們談?wù)摿怂麄円娺^的老師和學(xué)校。Thespeakertalkedofsomewritersandbooksthawereunk

30、nowntous.演講者提到的一些作者和作品我們都不知道。當(dāng)主句是以who,which或what開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)；Whoisthemanthatiswaitingatthebusstop?在車站等車的那個(gè)人是誰？Whichisthecarthatovertookusyesterday?昨天超過我們的是哪輛車？當(dāng)主句以Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)開頭時(shí)，或關(guān)系代詞在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中作實(shí)義主語，先行詞為物。如：Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.Therearetwoticketsofthefilmthatareforyou.二、只能用which,不用that

31、的情況：在非限制性定語從中。如：Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.會(huì)議延期了，這正是我們所希望的。定語從句由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，先行詞是物時(shí)。如：Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.他考慮的這件事非常重要。先行詞本身是that時(shí)。如：Idontlikethatwhichhedid.我不喜歡他做的那件事。三、只用who不用that的情況先行詞是指人的不定代詞，如one,anyone,noone,all,nobody,anybody,those等；Onewhodoesnotw

32、orkhardwillneversucceed.AnyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunishedSheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeentotheUSA.Thosewholearnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.在以therebe的句子中，先行詞為人時(shí)；Thereisacomradeoutsidewhowantstoseeyou.當(dāng)定語從句中又有定語從句，且先行詞都為人時(shí)；Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhowo

33、rkshard.當(dāng)指人的先行詞被一些指物的名詞修飾時(shí)；TheresonlyonestudentintheschoolwhoIwanttosee.Doyouknowthewomaninbluewithababyonherbackwhoisworkinginthefields?在非限制性定語從句中指人Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromAmerica.A.單項(xiàng)選擇lastweekhasbeenoutoforder.Theradiosetlastweekhasbeenoutoforder.A.IboughtB.IboughtitC.which

34、IboughtitD.whatIboughtAlltheapplesfelldownfromthetreewereeatenupbythepigs.A.whichB./C.thatD.theyIcantellyouhetoldmelastweek.A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.allthatThisisthebiggestlabwehaveeverbuiltinouruniversity.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whereIsoxygentheonlygashelpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.whatAir,webre

35、atheeveryday,isaroundusallthetime.A.thatB./C.itD.whichThisisthemuseumwesawanexhibitiontheotherday.A.thatB.whichC.whereThisisthemuseumyousawtheotherday.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichHehasleftBeijing,ameetingistobeheld.A.whenB.whereC.asThisistheveryplaceImwishingtolivein.A.whereB.whichC.thatIsitinthatfactory“

36、RedFlag”carsaremade?A.inwhichB.whereC.whichD.inthatD.inthatD.whichD.inwhichD.inthatD.inthatD.whichD.inwhichD.thatA.that;becauseB.why;thatC.why;becauseD.that;thatAllisneededisasupplyofoil.A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.whichFinally,thethiefhandedeverythinghehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that

37、HetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersonstheyrememberedintheA.whichB.thatC.whomD.whatschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.whatKey:5ACPCA670DCABC1115DBBDBB.把下列各句子合并成定語從句Johnisaverykind-heartedman.Youcanturntohimforhelp.Thebookiswrittenbythatfamouswriter.Iamveryinterestedinit.Tomistheboy.Iwenttothecinemawithhimtogethe

38、r.Haveyourememberedthefactory?Weworkedinitlastyear.?Itisthegolddiamond.Ispentallmymoneyonit.Key1Johniaverykind-heartedmanwhom、oucanturntoforhdpJohniaveryknd-heartedmantowhomyoucanturnforhdp2、Thebodkwhich7amveryinterestediniswrittenbthatfmouswiiterTheboQkinwhich7amveryinterestediswrittenbthatfamouswr

39、iter.3Tomitheboywhom7wenttothecinemawithto買ether.Tomistheboywithwhom7wenttothecinematogether.4Haveyourememberedthefactorywhichweworkedinlast、ear?lHaveyourememberedthefactoryinwhichweworkedlastyear?5.Itithegolddiamondwhich7spentallmymoneyonJ7tithegolddiamondonwhich7spentdUmymoney.C改錯(cuò)1.Isthishospitalt

40、hattheywanttovisitnextweek?2.IsthisthemuseumtheonesomeGermanfriendsvisitedtheotherday?Hehastwosons,eachofthemlookslikehim.Hewillneverforgetthedayswhenhespentwiththevillagers.PleasetellusaboutthepeopleandinterestingthingswhichyouhaveseeninAmerica.Theknifewhichsheoftenusesittocutthebreadisverysharp.Pl

41、easepassmethebookthatcoverisred.Thesunheatstheearth,thatisveryimportant.Key1hospital前力口the2去掉museum前的the3將them改為whom4將when改為that5.將which改為that6、去掉i7將that改為whose8.將that改為whichD.中考真題1.“Whatdoyouthinkoftheschooluniforms?”“Verygood.Ilikeclothesmakemefeelcomfortable.”A.thatB.whatC.who2.Therewillbeaflowershowintheparkwevisitedlastweek.A.whoB.whenC.whatD.WhichNowmanypeoplesmokeandgetill.Soweshoulddosomethingcanhelpstopsmoking.A.whatB.whoC./D.thatIstillrememberthetimewespenttogetheratXisaiMountain