醫(yī)學(xué)英語課件資料：動脈粥樣硬化

1、詞根同義多詞科技名詞縮寫難句翻譯Foks A C, van Puijvelde G H M, Bot I, et al. Interruption of the OX40OX40 Ligand Pathway in LDL ReceptorDeficient Mice Causes Regression of AtherosclerosisJ. The Journal of Immunology, 2013,191(9):4573-4580.OX40-OX40L通路與動脈粥樣硬化有關(guān)動脈粥樣硬化退化血管外膜T細(xì)胞減少Th2應(yīng)答減弱IL-4、IL-10減少IL-5增加IL-5誘導(dǎo)IgMIgE減少

2、、MC減少Anti-OX40L干擾OX40-OX40L通路IL-5增加-IgM增加Th2減少-MC減少動脈粥樣硬化退化醫(yī)學(xué)詞根Medical TerminologyAtherosclerosisArteriosclerosis = artery + hardening * artery thicker, harder, less elastic *Atherosclerosis * hardening from plaque * “atheromatous plaque” in endotheliumArteriolosclerosis = arterioles * hardening of

3、arterioles *AtherosclerosisEndothelium * Protects vessel wall* Prevent clottingDamageLow Density Lipoprotein - * Smoking* High blood pressureLow Density Lipoprotein - Dead Monocyte “Foam cells ”- Fatty streak - Platelets * Release platelet-derived growth factorEncourage smooth muscle growthTunica me

4、dia- tunica intimaSecretes collagen, proteoglycans, elastic fibrous cells -Internal carotid & middle cerebral -Superior mesenteric -Popliteal artery -Downstream cellular injury/deathAngina+ myocardio infarctionStroke + Cerebral atrophy Small intestinePeripheral ischemia(gangrene+claudication )Weaken

5、 walls - Aneurysm (abdominal aortic) Renal arteries -Kidney-Thinks blood pressures low, Activates renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, Blood volume increase, HypertensionBreak off-Embolism-Blocks small vessels Cholesterol cleft PreventionMaintain normal blood pressure Dont smokeAvoid sugary & fatty

6、 foodsRisk factorsRisk increase with agesmalesPostmenopausal females (premenopausal less risk)Family historyMonckeberg (Medial calcific) sclerosisCalcium crystals in muscle layerHardening Diameter not affected = Blood flow unaffected Often detected incidentally e.g. mammogramsArteriolosclerosisHarde

7、ning of small vessels HypertensionDiabetesHyaline arteriolosclerosis High pressure Protein buildup Stiffens arterioles Lumen narrowerHypertensionBlood flow reduced Decreased oxygen * Kidney Low blood flow Glomerulus scars Arterioloephrosclerosis* Chronic renal failureDiabetesHigh blood sugar* Damage

8、d endothelium(by altering carb and fat metabolism * Damage the basement membrane of the blood vesselsHyperplastic arteriosclerosisExtremely high pressureSmooth muscle growthSmaller lumenIschemiaArteriole walls in kidneyRenal ischemiaSmall hemorrhages (look like insects bites)同義多詞Synonyms敖天讓201301006

9、阻斷、干擾Interruption of the OX40OX40 Ligand PathwayWe hypothesized that interference with the OX40OX40L pathwayBlockade of the OX40OX40L pathway假設(shè)、認(rèn)為We hypothesized that interference withWhereas Feig et al. argued that promoting the emigrationIn line with these findings, we suggest that IgE may play an

10、 important role增加或減少Increase & decreaseReduce & reductionInduce & induction（？）Examplesa 47% decrease in CD4+OX40+ T cells; a 68% decrease in IgE levels；reduced Th2 responses; reduced mast cell presence and activationa 20% reduction in mast cells; decrease the extent of disease; decreases in GATA-3,

11、IL-4, and IL-10 expressioninduces a strong reduction；induce regression(Furthermore, a robust loss in macrophage content was observed in both control and anti-OX40Ltreated mice compared with baseline mice.)（Robustness：魯棒性）促進或抑制EnhanceInhibitFacilitatePromote Enhance inflammationOX40L deficiency rende

12、rs mice less susceptible to atherosclerosis, whereas OX40L overexpression enhances the development of atherosclerosisAn additional pathway via which OX40OX40L blockade may facilitate lesion regression isPromoting reverse cholesterol transport表示獲得Harvest：Mice were sacrificed and tissues were harveste

13、d.Bone marrow cells were harvested from the femur and tibia.Obtain：Mice were weighed and blood samples were obtained.(After sacrificing the mice, blood, spleen, and peritoneal cells were isolated.)表示進行了什么樣的實驗Perform：To determine the number of adventitial T cells, CD3 staining was performed using ant

14、i-mouse CD3 Quantitative gene expression analysis was performed on(cytokine concentrations were determined by ELISA, )(IL-33 production was analyzed with flow cytometry, )(To study the regression of atherosclerotic lesions, we investigated)雜Sacrifice:a baseline group was sacrificed to determine dise

15、ase extent at the beginning of the treatment. mice were sacrificed and tissues were harvestedTreat/Treatment:given anti-OX40L treatmentwe treated male ST2L-/-micethe percentage of B1 cells in ST2L-/- mice treated with anti-OX40L was increased compared with control treatment.Population & subset:a 47%

16、 decrease in CD4+OX40+ T cells within the CD4 population was observed inThe other T cell subsets, Th1, Th17, and Tregs, remained unaffected under hypercholesterolemic conditions.Parallel:This large increase suggests that T cells are attracted to the lesion and parallels the decrease in the number of

17、 macrophages, which may indicate that macrophage death within the lesion results in the attraction of these adventitial T cells. 連接詞和表達邏輯關(guān)系的短語Whereas, howeverFurthermore, in addition to, additionally, moreoverSubsequentlyWhereas differentiation of IL-4producing T cells is dependent on STAT6 and GATA

18、-3, IL-5producing T cells differentiate independently of STAT6 and GATA-3。To this end:To study the regression of atherosclerotic lesions, we investigated. To this end, we put LDLR-/- mice that had been fed a Western-type diet for 10 wkWith respect to:With respect to the composition of the lesion, no

19、 differences were found in又是雜Indeed, a 4-fold increase in IL-33 expression in the spleen was observed in anti-OX40Ltreated mice compared with control mice.In line with these findings, we suggest that IgE may play an important roleModulation, mediate, meditate科技名詞S&T Terms雷奇201301079StructureSoftware

20、: XmindSoftware: XmindGoogle translateWebsite: Website: VocabularyWestern type dietChow dietWestern type dietSoftware: YoudaoChow dietSoftware: YoudaoCNKI translateWebsite: Search resultWebsite: Search resultWebsite: BiodictWebsite: Result: no item foundDXYProvide five possible translations for “cho

21、w diet”中國飲食（和西方飲食相對）規(guī)則飲食常規(guī)飲食普通飲食標(biāo)準(zhǔn)飼料Website: SummaryGoogle translate有道詞典CNKI翻譯助手生物醫(yī)藥大辭典丁香園More vocabularies on go Technical words:SYBR Green technologyIMDMFlow cytometryBioMedical words:Ad. Libitumi.p.Isotope switchOthers:SEMSYBR Green technologySG雙鏈嵌合熒光染色結(jié)合于dsDNA雙螺旋小溝區(qū)域SYBR Green I的熒光信號強度與雙鏈DNA的數(shù)量相

22、關(guān)可以根據(jù)熒光信號檢測出PCR體系存在的雙鏈DNA數(shù)量。IMDMIscoves modified Dulbecco medium適合B淋巴細(xì)胞和其他細(xì)胞高密度培養(yǎng)。Vs DMED培養(yǎng)基flow cytometry流式細(xì)胞儀對細(xì)胞進行自動分析和分選的裝置Ad. Libitum Latin for “at liberty/at ones pleasure”自由地其他常用拉丁詞:latinAbbr.ad libitumAd. libAnte cibosa.c.Bis in dieb.i.dPer os p.o.Queque 4 horaq.4.hi.p.Intraperitoneal 腹腔內(nèi)注射其他

23、常用詞Abbr.i.p.i.m.i.h.i.d.i.v.i.v.gttp.o.Isotope switching同種型轉(zhuǎn)換1964年Nossal等發(fā)現(xiàn)B淋巴細(xì)胞存在著類型的轉(zhuǎn)換。Ig類型轉(zhuǎn)換（class switch)或稱同種型轉(zhuǎn)換（isotype switch)是指一個B淋巴細(xì)胞克隆在分化過程中VH基因片段保持不變，而發(fā)生CH基因節(jié)段的重排、比較CH基因片段重排后基因編碼的產(chǎn)物，V區(qū)相同而C區(qū)不同，即識別抗原特異性不變SEMStandard error of mean 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)平均值方差其他常用統(tǒng)計學(xué)名詞平均值 means方差 variance正態(tài)分布 normal distribution縮寫

24、 Abbreviations常用縮寫&生物因子龍安吟201301072常用縮寫RBCs/WBCs: Red Blood Cells/White Blood Cells 紅細(xì)胞/白細(xì)胞 e.g. RBCs were lysed using erythrocyte lysis buffer.Ag/Ab: Antigen/Antibody 抗原/抗體 e.g. TCR-mediated Ag stimulation. Ab treatment against a specific epitope of oxLDL.常用縮寫APCs: Antigen Presenting Cells 抗原呈遞細(xì)胞（具

25、有攝取、處理及呈遞抗原能力的細(xì)胞） e.g. The increase in IL-5 production was mediated by IL-33 production by APCs.SNPs: Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms 單核苷酸多態(tài)性（基因組上單個核苷酸的變異） e.g. SNPs in both the OX40 and OX40L genes affect the incidence of cardiovascular disease.生物因子OX40OX40L: OX40OX40 Ligand, belong to the TNF/TNFR

26、 family. OX40L配體表達于樹突細(xì)胞、B細(xì)胞等抗原呈遞細(xì)胞表面， 受體為表達于活化T細(xì)胞表面的OX40。 能提供T細(xì)胞增殖和刺激信號； 誘導(dǎo)Th2細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生細(xì)胞因子； 促進B細(xì)胞分化成漿細(xì)胞； 促進抗體產(chǎn)生等。e.g. Interruption of the OX40OX40 Ligand Pathway in LDL ReceptorDeficient Mice Causes Regression of Atherosclerosis.(Title)生物因子TNF/TNFR: Tumor Necrosis Factor（Receptor） 腫瘤壞死因子及其受體 一種能夠直接殺傷腫瘤細(xì)

27、胞而對正常細(xì)胞無明顯毒性的細(xì)胞因子， 主要由活化的巨噬細(xì)胞，NK細(xì)胞及T淋巴細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生。e.g. OX40 and OX40L belong to the TNF/TNFR family.生物因子LDL/oxLDL: (Oxidized) Low-Density Lipoprotein （氧化）低密度脂蛋白 一種運載膽固醇進入外周組織細(xì)胞的脂蛋白顆粒， 可被氧化成氧化低密度脂蛋白， 當(dāng)?shù)兔芏戎鞍?，尤其是氧化低密度脂蛋白過量時， 其攜帶的膽固醇便積存在動脈壁上，引起動脈粥樣硬化。e.g. Patients are usually treated with statins to lower LDL

28、 cholesterol.生物因子 IgE/IgM/IgG Immunoglobulin E/M/G 免疫球蛋白E/M/G 具有抗體活性或化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)，與抗體分子相似的球蛋白。 分為五類，即免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白M（IgM）、免疫球蛋白D（IgD）和免疫球蛋白E（IgE）。 是化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)上的概念，即所有抗體的化學(xué)基礎(chǔ)都是免疫球蛋白，但免疫球蛋白并不都具有抗體活性。e.g. IgE levels were decreased, as demonstrated by reduced mast cell presence and activation.生物因子 IL-5

29、/IL-33 Interleukin 1-38 白細(xì)胞介素 1-38 最初指由白細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生又在白細(xì)胞間起調(diào)節(jié)作用的細(xì)胞因子， 現(xiàn)指一類分子結(jié)構(gòu)和生物學(xué)功能已基本明確，具有重要調(diào)節(jié)作用而統(tǒng)一命名的細(xì)胞因子。 在傳遞信息，激活與調(diào)節(jié)免疫細(xì)胞，介導(dǎo)T、B細(xì)胞活化、增殖與分化及炎癥反應(yīng)中起重要作用。e.g. The increase in IL-5 production and IgM was mediated by IL-33 production by APCs upon OX40L blockade.難句翻譯Tough Sentences毛進柱201301035難句翻譯Patients suffe

30、ring from cardiovascular disease have well-established atherosclerotic lesions, rendering lesion regression of therapeutic interest.難句翻譯Patients suffering from cardiovascular disease have well-established atherosclerotic lesions, rendering lesion regression of therapeutic interest.難句翻譯Patients suffe

31、ring from cardiovascular disease have well-established atherosclerotic lesions, rendering lesion regression of therapeutic interest.難句翻譯Patients suffering from cardiovascular disease have well-established atherosclerotic lesions, rendering lesion regression of therapeutic interest.心血管疾病患者形成動脈粥樣硬化損傷，引起損傷退化治療的研