牛津深圳版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)Unit1知識(shí)點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法精講精練-學(xué)案

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)Module 1 Social communicationUnit 1 Helping those in need（1）Wordsraise v. 籌募，增高，增加 permission n.準(zhǔn)許，不可數(shù)名詞 ask permission報(bào)請(qǐng)批準(zhǔn) disabled adj.喪失能力的 able adj. 有能力的 be able to = can offer v.主動(dòng)提出 offer to do sth.主動(dòng)提出做某事， serious adj. 嚴(yán)重的 ly adv.

2、 organize v. 組織 organization n. lonely adj. 孤獨(dú)的 alone difficulty n.困難 difficult adj. 困難的 hurt v.傷害 hurt oneself 傷了自己 (hurt , hurt )pay v. 付費(fèi) pay for 與 take cost spend 的區(qū)別 （2）Phrasesin need 需要幫助的 voluntary work 義務(wù)工作 ask permission 報(bào)請(qǐng)批準(zhǔn)suffer from 因受苦 raise ones spirits 使振奮 = cheer up in order to 目的在于

3、so that 為的是 與so that的區(qū)別 make friends with 與交朋友 look after = take care of = care for 照顧 because of 因?yàn)?與because 的區(qū)別 talk to / with / about 談?wù)?teach sb. to do sth. 交某人做某事 offer to do sth 主動(dòng)提出做某事take photos of 照相 help sb. do / with sth. 幫助某人做某事 continue to do sth. 繼續(xù)做某事 need to do sth. 需要做某事 in good hea

4、lth 身體健康 be afraid of + n. / pron / doing害怕 enjoy oneself / doing 玩的愉快/喜歡做某事 decide to do sth. 決定做某事（3）Sentences1 I met a girl called Cindy. 我遇見(jiàn)一個(gè)叫森迪的女孩。過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ) called = named2 We taught them to tell stories .我們教他們講故事。 tell talk speak say 的區(qū)別 tell “告訴，講述”，把某事/ 信息傳達(dá)給別人 tell stories tell a lie talk

5、“交談，講話”，talk to / with sb. talk about sth. speak “說(shuō)，發(fā)言”，+ 語(yǔ)言 say “說(shuō)”， 強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話的內(nèi)容。3 We spent time with a girl called Vivien . 我們和一個(gè)叫薇薇安的女孩共度時(shí)光。spend “花費(fèi)” 主語(yǔ)（人）+ spend(s) + money / time + （in）doing sth. / on + n.4 I taught them to sing because music can bring then joy and peace . 我教他們唱歌是因?yàn)橐魳?lè)可以給他們帶來(lái)快樂(lè)和寧?kù)o。

6、teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事bring take get carry 的區(qū)別bring “帶來(lái)”+ 雙賓語(yǔ) -來(lái) Remember to bring me the pictures.take “帶到，去” 去- I wont take you here .get 去某處將某人/ 物帶到說(shuō)話人處 Please get some paper for me .carry 強(qiáng)調(diào)負(fù)重或搬運(yùn) Hecarried a baby on his back .5 One of them had difficulty walking . 其中有一位病人行走困難。One of + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

7、/ 代詞復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)One of + the + 形容詞最高級(jí) + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 “最之一”6 He used to love sport until he hurt his legs in an accident .他過(guò)去熱愛(ài)運(yùn)動(dòng)，直到他在一起事故中雙腿受傷。until “直到才”a until 與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用肯定形式。e.g.We walked until it got dark .b until 與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用否定形式。 e.g.The little girl didnt stop crying until she saw her mother .(4)Gr

8、ammar 動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)： to + 動(dòng)詞原形 （有時(shí)to可省略）用法： 1 作賓語(yǔ) （作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，不作介詞賓語(yǔ)） Remember to post the letter .2 作賓補(bǔ) 放在賓語(yǔ)后，表示賓語(yǔ)是什么或怎么樣。 ask , tell , like , love , hate , would like , teach , want , etc. e.g.The doctor wanted him to have a good rest .3 作目的狀語(yǔ) 常用逗號(hào)與句子隔開(kāi)，在末尾時(shí)，則不用。e.g.To get there on time , we set out at fi

9、ve in the morning .He goes there to enjoy the fresh air .(5)Practicemillions of 數(shù)百萬(wàn)的 be unable to不能 be able to能 = can since then 從那時(shí)以來(lái) close to 靠近 in order to 為了in hospital生病住院 in the hospital在醫(yī)院(6)Exercise用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1 I plan _ (go) to Canada this summer .2 Did they enjoy _ (them) in the park ?

10、3 He decided _ (live) in another city .4 It took us two hours _ (get) to Beijing by train .5 A restaurant needs lots of water for _ (wash) the dishes .6 What do we use _ (clean) toilets ?7 My father is too tired . He needs _ (rest) .8 Thank you for _ (look) after my sister .9 Dont forget _ (close) t

11、he window when you leave .10 It is very bad _ (pollute) the groundwater .11 They offered to _ (help) those in need .12 He is _ (disabled) to swim in the river .13 Jack was _ (serious) hurt in the accident .14 Tom didnt come to school today because he was _ (illness) .15 I like _ (organize) parties .

12、It is very interesting .16 She fell onto the ground and felt very _ (pain) .17 Last night , my parents went out . So I watched TV _ (lonely) .18 Miss White has no friends , so she often feels _ (lonely) .19 The new neighbour is very _ (friendship) .20 This book is very _ (difficulty) for me .Unit 1

13、Helping those in need一重點(diǎn)詞匯詳解：1. Helping those in need.in need:意為“有困難的”常位于名詞后作后置定語(yǔ)in need of 需要什么 例：A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患難見(jiàn)真情！The buildings is in need of painting. 這座建筑需要粉涮。2. Could you give me a hand? Here you are!give sb a hand: = 幫助某人3. to ask permission to raise money（1）permissio

14、n n. = agreement 準(zhǔn)許；批準(zhǔn) ask permission (to do sth) 報(bào)請(qǐng)批準(zhǔn)permit v. - 過(guò)去式： - 過(guò)去分詞： permit sb. to do sth. = . 允許某人做某事 （2）raise v. 籌集；提升；增加=move it higher第三人稱單數(shù)： 過(guò)去式： 過(guò)去分詞： 現(xiàn)在分詞： 搭配：raise ones voice 提高嗓門；raise a family 養(yǎng)家糊口；raise money 籌款； raise price 提高價(jià)格；raise ones spirits 打起精神 raise = keep 有“飼養(yǎng)，撫養(yǎng)”的意思，

15、如： raise children（撫養(yǎng)孩子） 辨析：raise, rise(rise-rose-risen)的區(qū)別這兩個(gè)詞都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。raise是及物動(dòng)詞，其主語(yǔ)通常是人；而rise是不及物動(dòng)詞，其主語(yǔ)通常是物。例如：The sun rises and bathes the earth. 太陽(yáng)升起，普照大地。 If you want to ask question, please raise your hand. 如果你想問(wèn)問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)舉手！4. Three teenagers offered to do some voluntary work during t

16、he school holidays.（1）teenagers：n 青少年 在口語(yǔ)中常用 teen 來(lái)表示“青少年” （2）offer：v. =be willing to do something 主動(dòng)提出offer to do sth. 主動(dòng)提出 Peter offered to teach them water-skiing. 彼得主動(dòng)提出教他們滑水。 辨析：provide, offer, give的區(qū)別： 1). provide僅僅是出于某種責(zé)任，強(qiáng)調(diào)提供必須用的東西，尤其是生活用品。常用于provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 的固定搭

17、配中。2). offer表示主動(dòng)提供服務(wù)、工作等。常用于offer sb. sth.或offer sth. to sb. 固定搭配中。例如：offer sb.主動(dòng)提出幫助某人；offer sb. a good salary 給某人一個(gè)好工資。 3). give 意為“給”常用于 give sb sth=give sth to sb 給某人某物 （3）voluntary：adj. 自愿的，自發(fā)的；無(wú)償?shù)?；adv： 自愿地 自愿者 練習(xí)：1. Schools need _ to help children to read. 學(xué)校需要義務(wù)工作者幫助兒童閱讀。 2. In her spare time

18、 she does _work.她在業(yè)余時(shí)間做義工。5. The children there all suffer from serious illnesses. （1） suffer：v （因疾病等） 受苦，受折磨 She suffered greatly as a child. 她童年深受苦難。suffer from因而痛苦, 指長(zhǎng)期的或習(xí)慣性的痛苦或困難。1). suffer from+疾病名詞（或者他人閑言碎語(yǔ)、勞累、記憶力減退等），表示患病、為受苦。She suffers from headache. 她患頭痛病。2). suffer from+自然災(zāi)害China suffered

19、 from bad floods in 2013. 2013年中國(guó)遭受嚴(yán)重的水災(zāi) （2） serious：adj 嚴(yán)重的 = bad and dangerous adv. serious還有以下意思： 1). 認(rèn)真的： He is a serious student and works very hard. 他是一個(gè)認(rèn)真的學(xué)生，學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。 2). 嚴(yán)肅的： Be serious! Dont make fun of me. 嚴(yán)肅點(diǎn)！別拿我開(kāi)玩笑?。?） illness n. （某種）病= in bad health ill (adj.) 生病的; 壞的 注意：當(dāng)illness表示某種具體的疾

20、病時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞，但當(dāng)表示“疾病，生病期間”是不可數(shù)名詞。fall ill 病倒了 feel ill 感覺(jué)不舒服、生病 speak ill of sb. 說(shuō)某人的短處例：The children there all suffer from serious illness. 那里的孩子都遭受疾病的折磨。 同根詞：ill adj. 有病的 （比較級(jí)：worse, 最高級(jí)：worst） 辨析：ill, sick的區(qū)別： 1). ill和sick都有“生病的；有病的”之意，但用法并不完全相同。ill表示“生病的；有病的”這一意思時(shí)，一般用作表語(yǔ)，不能作定語(yǔ)；而sick既可以作表語(yǔ)又可以作定語(yǔ)，如“病人

21、”可以說(shuō)a sick man或the sick, 但不能說(shuō)an ill man或the ill。例如：She is ill/sick in bed. 她臥病在床。 She is looking after her sick father. 她在照顧她生病的父親。 2). sick 有“惡心的；厭倦的”之意。例如：The smell makes me sick. 這氣味使我感到惡心。 ill作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)是“壞的；邪惡的”之意。例如：He is an ill child. 他是一個(gè)壞孩子。6. We organized a painting competition for them.（1）or

22、ganize v. 組織策劃 (n.) 組織者 (n.) 組織 （2）competition n. 競(jìng)賽 (v.) 競(jìng)賽 (n.) 競(jìng)賽者 (adj.) 有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的 7. I met a girl called Cindy. Called 被叫做 =named 名為 The girl called Lucy is one of the best students in our school. 那個(gè)被叫做Lucy的女孩是我們學(xué)校最好的學(xué)生之一8. We taught them to tell stories. Taught -(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))： 教師： 用法：teach sb to do sth

23、教某人做某事 teach sb how to do sth 教某人怎樣做某事 Teach us English 教某人英語(yǔ) teach oneself 自學(xué)9. This helps them express their feelings.（1）help v/n 意為“幫助” 用法：help sb to do sth/do sth 幫助某人做某事 help sb with sth 幫助某人某事 With the help of sb = with ones help 在的幫助下（2）express v. 表達(dá)；表露 (n.) 表達(dá);表情; 習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)(常用復(fù)數(shù)) 當(dāng)express 表示“表達(dá)，表

24、示”之意是后不加雙賓語(yǔ) 1). He expressed his thanks to her. 2). He expresses her his thanks. X 練習(xí)：1). Words cannot _ how pleased I am. 言語(yǔ)無(wú)法表達(dá)我的愉快心情。2). Teenagers often have difficulty _ themselves. 青少年在表達(dá)思想方面常常有困難。10. My friends dont understand my pain. pain n (身體上的)疼痛 adj 痛苦的，煩惱的11. She is unhappy and very lon

25、ely. lonely adj 孤獨(dú)的，寂寞的 辨析：lonely，alone的區(qū)別： 1). alone 既可以用作形容詞，又可以用作副詞，意為“獨(dú)自的（地），單獨(dú)的（地）”，側(cè)重于說(shuō)明獨(dú)自一人，沒(méi)有同伴或助手，指的是客觀情況，alone用作形容詞時(shí)，一般與be動(dòng)詞連用，在句子中作表語(yǔ) She is alone at home. I like to work alone. 2). Lonely 只作形容詞，在句子中既可以作定語(yǔ)，又可以作表語(yǔ)，其比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式：lonelier-loneliest Lonely用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，意為“無(wú)人煙的，荒涼的，偏僻的”等，用作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表示“孤獨(dú)的，寂

26、寞的”之意，帶有濃厚的感情色彩，具有“渴望得到同伴”的含義。 That is a lonely island. I was alone but I didnt feel lonely. 11. She needs friendship. friendship n. 友情；友誼 同根詞：friend n. 朋友 復(fù)數(shù)：friends. friendly adj. 友好的 friendliness n. 友善 12. I will continue to visit Vivien. continue to do sth = go on doing sth 意為“繼續(xù)做某事”13. I wanted

27、 to help disabled children. disabled adj. 有傷殘的；喪失能力的；不中用 I taught disabled children to sing. 我教殘疾的孩子唱歌。 同根詞：disable v. = make (sb.) unable to do sth. 使無(wú)能力；使殘廢，使傷殘 the disable 表示殘疾這一類人。 enable v. = make (sb.) able to do sth. 使（某人）能夠做某事 搭配：mentally disabled 有智力缺陷 learning disabilities 學(xué)習(xí)障礙14. They hav

28、e difficulty walking and moving.have difficulty (in) doing sth 表示“做某事有困難”= have trouble (in) doing sth若后接名詞：則常用have difficulty with sth 的結(jié)構(gòu) 15. Because music can bring them joy and peace. joy (n.) = happiness / pleasure高興，喜悅，快樂(lè) (adj.)高興的 (adv.)高興地 to ones joy 使某人高興的是. 練習(xí)：1. Looking after the baby is

29、 both painful and .2. They greeted him _ _.3. We should study with _ _.peace n. 平靜；寧?kù)o adj. 和平的；愛(ài)好和平的；安靜的；平靜的 t he Nobel Peace Prize 諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng) Evening in the country is a very peaceful time. 鄉(xiāng)村里的今晚是平靜安謐的時(shí)刻。16. He hurt his legs in an accident, but he has lots of courage.courage n. 勇氣；勇敢 He showed great c

30、ourage and determination. 他表現(xiàn)得十分勇敢和果斷。 同根詞：encourage v. 鼓勵(lì)，鼓舞；支持；促進(jìn)； encourage sb to sth 鼓勵(lì)某人做某事 My English teacher often encourages us to read English aloud.Unit 1 Helping those in need按要求寫(xiě)單詞。permission（動(dòng)詞）： volunteer（形容詞）： ill（名詞）： lonely（比較級(jí)）： difficult（名詞）： pain（形容詞）： expression（動(dòng)詞）： joy（形容詞）： p

31、ay（過(guò)去式）： organize（名詞）： peaceful（名詞）： raise（現(xiàn)在分詞）： 二. 從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z(yǔ)并用其正確形式填空。ask permission raise money in need voluntary work offer to suffer from spend time with continue to have difficulty raise ones spirits1. My grandfather has a serious heart disease for a long time.2. My friend drive me to the ai

32、rport last week because it was raining hard and I couldnt find a taxi.3. The students completing the project without any help from adults. So most of them asked their parents for help.4. I think you need to before you use Wendys computer.5. We should use the money to help those people .6. I dont wan

33、t to go to Paris for such a short holiday. Id rather stay at home and my kids.7. Cheer up. Simon! Drink a cup of coffee now and it may .8. The students at Guangzhou Middle School will for the children in poor areas.9. Nowadays, more and more teenagers take part in to help people they dont know at al

34、l.10. After Judy completed her Maths homework, she do more Physics exercises.三. 根據(jù)劃線部分在句中的意思，找出意思最接近的選項(xiàng)。1. The ole man is ill in these days. A. worried B. in good health C. in bad health D. nervous2. If you know the answer, please raise your hand.A. get up B. put up C. use up D. stand up3. Do you ha

35、ve trouble learning English.A. difficulty B. decisions C. memory D. ideas4. The fans were very happy when the team won the final match.A. in trouble B. in low spirits C. in high spirits D. in danger5. Jack got up early to catch the school bus.A. because of B. instead of C. so that D.in order to6. Af

36、ter his wife died, he lived alone.A. unhappily B. by himself C. lonely D. badly7. Tony didnt go to school because he was sick yesterday.A. lonely B. ill C. glad D. fit8. They offered to help those in need.A. refused to B. provided C. were willing to give D. helped9. They have permission to build 500

37、 new schools.A. are made B. have decision C. have direction D. are allowed10. Tim fell off the bike and hurt his legs.A. injured B. made C. expressed D. stayed四用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子。1. They have (difficult) walking or moving.2. Why do you think it is very important to ask your parents . (permit)3. Mothe

38、r (pay) ten dollars for the English dictionary.4. In her spare time she does _ (volunteer) work.5. Looking after the baby is both painful and (joy).6. I am really hungry. Can I stop (eat) something.7. Mr. Liu often teaches us how (speak) English well.8. I asked him (lend) me ten Yuan, but he didnt.9

39、. Lets (go) shopping today if it doesnt rain.10. It took me two days (finish) the job.11. Please tell the boys (not make) any noise, my baby is sleeping.12. The girl (name) Lucy is one of the best students in our school.13. If you know the answer, you can (raise) your hand.14. You should (expression

40、) your feeling clearly.15. I didnt decide when (go) yesterday.語(yǔ)法：動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，可以在句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等。動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式是“to+動(dòng)詞原形”，但to有時(shí)可以省略。動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中不做謂語(yǔ)，所以沒(méi)有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。一動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)：基本結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式可以在agree, choose, decide, learn, plan, hope, promise, want, seem, would, like等后面做賓語(yǔ)。 如：I want to play

41、basketball. 我想玩籃球。 I agree to meet Susan outside the cinema. 我同意在電影院外跟蘇珊見(jiàn)面。 有些動(dòng)詞后面可以跟“疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”這種結(jié)構(gòu)，這些動(dòng)詞包advise，ask，decide，discuss，forget，know，learn，remember，show，teach，tell等 如：We teach him how to walk. 我們教他走路。 I forgot what to do. 我忘記要做什么了。 二動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：基本結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)（名詞/代詞）+動(dòng)詞不定式 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，有帶to和省略

42、to 的兩種情況。常跟帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有advise，ask，tell，order，invite，allow，wish，get，want，encourage等。如: My teacher often encourages us to study hard. 我的老師經(jīng)常鼓勵(lì)我們要努力學(xué)習(xí)。 Tom asked me not to sleep in class. Tom叫我不要在課堂上睡覺(jué)。常跟省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：使役動(dòng)詞let, make, have等，感官動(dòng)詞see, feel, notice等。 如：You can let the girl go

43、first. 你可以讓那個(gè)女孩子先走。 I saw him open the door. 我看見(jiàn)他開(kāi)門。三動(dòng)詞不定式表目的：動(dòng)詞不定式還可以用來(lái)表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的目的。動(dòng)詞不定式也可以位于句首。如：She went to the department store to buy a new book. 她去百貨商店是為了買本新書(shū)。 To learn English well, you should speak English as much as possible. 想學(xué)好英語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該盡可能多的說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式專題練習(xí)一用括號(hào)內(nèi)“動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)完成下列句子。It is spring

44、now. Our monitor_ (want, organize) a class trip.What would you _ (like, drink), tea or coffee?I _ (hope, travel) around the world when I grow up.At last, her parents _ (agree, live) in the city with her.Sandy _ (prepare, make) a speech at the evening party now.The two boys will_ (learn, swim) in the

45、 Swimming Club.You have poor eyesight, so you can _ (choose, sit) in the front of the classroom.Please_ (remember, close) the door when you leave the room.Dont _ (forget, take) an umbrella with you because it is going to rain.Look! The little girl_ (try, wake) her mum up.The police _ (make) everyone

46、 _ (leave) the building at once.The driver_ (let) the old. _ (travel) on the bus without a ticket.Jack _ (have) his brother _ (wash) the dishes yesterday.I dont_ (let) people _ (smoke) in my car!二連詞成句。注意使用正確的時(shí)態(tài)：(Tomorrow/l/encourage/Janet/enter/the competition.)_(I was already tired, but I/force/mys

47、elf go on working.)_ (Ann/teach/Mary/drive/last year.)_(Dont worry! Tomorrow I/persuade/my father/see/a doctor.)_(Last Sunday, John/invite/Sheila/come/for lunch.)_(Next year the teachers/allow/the students /use/ calculators in exams.)_三.根據(jù)括號(hào)中的內(nèi)容提示,用動(dòng)詞不定式完成句子:(Policewoman: Can everyone please stay in

48、doors?) The policewoman asked everyone _(Jane: Remember to come home early, Tim.) Jane reminded Tim_(Manager: You must work more quickly.) The manager wants us_(Captain: Lets do our best in the game.) The captain encouraged us _(Joe: Can you come to my party next Saturday?) Joe invited me _ Unit 1 H

49、elping those in need一、重點(diǎn)詞匯講解1. raise v. 籌集；提升；增加第三人稱單數(shù)：raises 過(guò)去式：raised 過(guò)去分詞：raised 現(xiàn)在分詞：raising搭配：raise money 籌款；raise money for 為籌款 raise ones voice 提高嗓門； 例如：They raised money for homeless people. raise price 提高價(jià)格；raise ones spirits 打起精神 raise = keep 有“飼養(yǎng)，撫養(yǎng)”的意思，如： raise cattle = keep cattle（飼養(yǎng)牲口

50、）和raise children（撫養(yǎng)孩子）辨析：raise, rise(rise-rose-risen)的區(qū)別(1) 這兩個(gè)詞都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。 raise是及物動(dòng)詞，其主語(yǔ)通常是人；而rise是不及物動(dòng)詞，其主語(yǔ)通常是物。例如：The sun rises and bathes the earth. 太陽(yáng)升起，普照大地。Bath n. 沐浴，浴室 bathe v. 沐浴，洗，（光線）充滿(2) raise和rise用于同一事物時(shí)含義不同。例如： The price of TV sets has been raised recently. 最近電視機(jī)提價(jià)了。（政府或

51、廠家主動(dòng)行動(dòng)） The price of TV sets has risen recently. 最近電視機(jī)提價(jià)了。（市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)）2. permission n. = agreement 準(zhǔn)許；批準(zhǔn)搭配：Ask permission 報(bào)請(qǐng)批準(zhǔn) Write a letter to the head teacher to to raise money. 給校長(zhǎng)寫(xiě)一封信請(qǐng)求允許籌錢。同根詞：permit v. = allow you to do it 許可，準(zhǔn)許；默許 The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder.知識(shí)拓展：表

52、示請(qǐng)求某人允許自己做某事，通常與動(dòng)詞ask, ask for, request連用。 She asked for permission to leave work early.她請(qǐng)求許可早點(diǎn)下班。表示允許某人做某事，通常與動(dòng)詞give連用。Who gave you permission to come here? 誰(shuí)準(zhǔn)許你到這里來(lái)的 (3)表示不允許某人做某事，通常與動(dòng)詞refuse/ deny 連用。 The school has been refused permission to expand.學(xué)校擴(kuò)充未得到允許3. disabled adj. 喪失能力的；有殘疾的 I taught d

53、isabled children to sing. 我教殘疾的孩子唱歌。 同根詞：disable v. = make (sb.) unable to do sth. 使殘廢，使傷殘 He is disabled from voting. 他失去了選舉資格。 enable v. neb()l = make (sb.) able to do sth. 使（某人）能夠做某事 The new test should enable doctors to detect the disease early. 新的檢測(cè)手段應(yīng)該能夠使醫(yī)生們盡早查出這種疾病。 搭配：mentally disabled 有智力缺陷

54、 learning disabilities 學(xué)習(xí)障礙4. offer v. = be willing to do something 主動(dòng)提出搭配： offer to do sth. 主動(dòng)提出去做某事，愿意做某事Peter offered to teach them water-skiing. 彼得主動(dòng)提出教他們滑水。搭配：offer ones hand 伸出友好的手 offer sb. sth. 為某人提供某物They have offered me a large sum of money to go away. 他們?cè)鵀槲姨峁┮淮蠊P搬遷費(fèi) 辨析：provide, offer的區(qū)別： p

55、rovide用于表示無(wú)主動(dòng)慷慨之意地為人或物提供需要或有用的東西，僅僅是出于某種責(zé)任，強(qiáng)調(diào)提供必須用的東西，尤其是生活用品,多數(shù)情況是免費(fèi)的。常用于provide sb. with sth. 或provide sth. for sb. 的固定搭配中。offer表示主動(dòng)提供服務(wù)、工作等，對(duì)方可以接受，也可以不接受。常用于offer sb. sth.或offer sth. to sb. 固定搭配中。例如：offer sb.主動(dòng)提出幫助某人；offer sb. a good salary 給某人一個(gè)好工資。 Somehow she managed to provide her children wi

56、th food and clothing. 她總算設(shè)法使她的孩子有飯吃，有衣穿。 He offered me a glass of wine. = He offered a glass of wine to me. 他端給我一杯酒。 5. illness n. （某種）病 The children there all suffer from serious illness. 那里的孩子都遭受疾病的折磨。 同根詞：ill adj. 有病的 （比較級(jí)：worse, 最高級(jí)：worst） 辨析：ill, illness, sick的區(qū)別：illness是ill的名詞形式，是可數(shù)名詞。ill和sick

57、都有“生病的；有病的”之意，但用法并不完全相同。 ill表示“生病的；有病的”這一意思時(shí)，一般用作表語(yǔ)，不能作定語(yǔ)；sick既可以作表語(yǔ)又可以作定語(yǔ)，如“病人”可以說(shuō)a sick man或the sick, 但不能說(shuō)an ill man或the ill。例如： She is ill/sick in bed. 她臥病在床。 She is looking after her sick father. 她在照顧她生病的父親。 sick 有“惡心的；厭倦的”之意。例如：The smell makes me sick. 這氣味使我感到惡心。 ill作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí)是“壞的；邪惡的”之意。例如： He i

58、s an ill man. 他是一個(gè)邪惡的人。一言辨異：Although I am ill, I have to look after my sick sister at home today. Because of illness, she cant go to school.盡管我病了，但是今天我必須在家照看我生病的妹妹。因?yàn)榧膊。龥](méi)有去上學(xué)。 6. organize v. 組織 In the end, we all decided to organize a concert for Easter. 最終，我們一致決定組織一場(chǎng)復(fù)活節(jié)音樂(lè)會(huì)。同根詞：organization n. 組織；機(jī)

59、構(gòu) organizer n. 組織者organized adj. 有組織的 What do you know about our organization? 關(guān)于我們的組織你知道些什么？ Students need organized activities. 學(xué)生們需要有組織的活動(dòng)。 Who is the organizer of the exhibition? 誰(shuí)是這次展覽會(huì)的組織者？ 7. express v. 表達(dá)；表露 This helps them express their feelings. 這有助于他們表達(dá)他們的情感。 同根詞：expression n. 表現(xiàn)，表示，表達(dá)；表情

60、 She gave expression to her sadness. 她流露出了悲傷之情。 8. lonely adj. 孤獨(dú)的；寂寞的；荒涼的 （比較級(jí)：lonelier最高級(jí)：loneliest） It felt like the loneliest place in the world. 感覺(jué)這就像是天底下最荒涼的地方。 辨析：lonely, alone的區(qū)別： alone為形容詞，意為“單獨(dú)的”，只作表語(yǔ)，不能作定語(yǔ)。側(cè)重說(shuō)明獨(dú)自一人，沒(méi)有助手或同伴，沒(méi)有感情色彩的只表示客觀的狀態(tài)。 lonely意為“孤獨(dú)的”，表示主觀上感到孤獨(dú)、寂寞，有較濃的感情色彩，指因缺少朋友、同情、友誼等