2022年電路專業(yè)術(shù)語及英文翻譯

1、Chapter 1 Elements and Laws of Eletrical Circuits電路electrical circuit電路模型Circuit model電源source負(fù)載load導(dǎo)線line開關(guān)switch電荷electric charge電流current電壓voltage電位potential電位升potential rise電位降potential drop電位差potential difference參照點Reference point線性電阻linear resistance磁通鏈magnetic flux linkage功率power能量energy電阻器re

2、sistor電阻resistance電動勢electromotive force （e.m.f ）伏安特性u-i characteristicvolt-ampere characteristic電導(dǎo)器conductor電導(dǎo)conductance電感器inductor電感inductance電容器capacitor電容capacitance歐姆定律Ohms Law廣義歐姆定律generalized Ohms Law參照方向reference direction電壓極性voltage polarity正極positive polarity負(fù)極negative polarity開路open-circ

3、uit短路short-circuit抱負(fù)獨立電壓源ideal independent voltage source實際電壓源physical source抱負(fù)獨立電流源ideal independent current source抱負(fù)受控源ideal dependent / controlled source壓控電壓源voltage controlled voltage source（VCVS）壓控電流源voltage controlled current source（VCCS）流控電壓源current controlled voltage source（CCVS）流控電流源current

4、 controlled current source（CCCS）節(jié)點node支路branch回路loop途徑path網(wǎng)孔mesh網(wǎng)絡(luò)network基爾霍夫電流定律Kirchhoffs current law（KCL）基爾霍夫電壓定律Kirchhoffs voltage law（KVL）閉合面closed surface集總參數(shù)lumped parameter集總（參數(shù)）電路lumped circuit集總（參數(shù)）元件lumped element分布參數(shù)distributed parameter分布（參數(shù)）電路distributed circuit直流direct current（DC）交流al

5、ternating current（AC）有源元件active element無源元件passive element無損電路lossless circuitChapter 2 Analysis methods to simple resistor circuits端鈕terminal串聯(lián)series connection分壓voltage division并聯(lián)parallel connection分流current division等效變換equivalent transformation等效電阻equivalent resistance入端電阻input resistance最大功率傳播定理

6、Maximum power transfer theoremY-變換Wye-Delta transformationChapter 3 methods of Analysis節(jié)點法node analysis / node voltage method支路電流法branch current method回路電流法loop analysis / loop current method外網(wǎng)孔o(hù)uter mesh網(wǎng)孔電流法mesh analysis / mesh current method自導(dǎo)納self admittance互導(dǎo)納mutual admittance矩陣matrix行row列colum

7、n參照節(jié)點reference node平面電路planar circuit方程equation消去法elimination technique克萊姆法則Cramers rule代入法substitution method運算放大器operational amplifier(op amp)同向輸入端noninverting input反向輸入端inverting input輸出端output等效電路模型equivalent circuit model開環(huán)放大倍數(shù)open-loop gain閉環(huán)放大倍數(shù)closed-loop gain入端電阻input resistance輸出電阻output r

8、esistance線性工作區(qū)linear region正向飽和區(qū)positive saturation反向飽和區(qū)negative saturation同向放大器noninverting amplifier反向放大器inverting amplifier加法器summing amplifier / summer積分器integrator微分器differentiator自激振蕩self-excited oscillationChapter 4 Circuit Theorems疊加原理superposition theorem齊性原理homogeneity property輸入/鼓勵input /

9、 excitation輸出/響應(yīng)output / response線性電路linear circuit代數(shù)和algebraic sum替代定理substitution theorem戴維南定理Thevenins theorem諾頓定理Nortons theorem二端網(wǎng)絡(luò)two-terminal circuit開路電壓open-circuit voltage短路電流short-circuit current特勒根定理Tellegens theorem功率平衡定理power-balancing theorem互易定理reciprocal theorem對偶原理principle of duali

10、ty對偶元件dual element對偶圖dual graph對偶電路dual circuitChapter 5 Analysis of Op Amp Circuits運算放大器operational amplifier(op amp)同向輸入端noninverting input反向輸入端inverting input輸出端output等效電路模型equivalent circuit model開環(huán)放大倍數(shù)open-loop gain閉環(huán)放大倍數(shù)closed-loop gain入端電阻input resistance輸出電阻output resistance線性工作區(qū)linear regio

11、n正向飽和區(qū)positive saturation反向飽和區(qū)negative saturation同向放大器noninverting amplifier反向放大器inverting amplifier加法器summing amplifier / summer積分器integrator微分器differentiator自激振蕩self-excited oscillationChapter 6 First-order Circuit動態(tài)電路dynamic circuit一階電路first-order circuit一階微分方程first-order differential equation過渡過

12、程transient process/ transient線性非時變電路linear time-invaried circuit單位階躍函數(shù)unit step function單位沖激函數(shù)unit impulse function單位斜坡函數(shù)unit ramp function起始條件initial condition起始值initial value換路定則switch law零輸入響應(yīng)zero-input response零狀態(tài)響應(yīng)zero-state response穩(wěn)態(tài)響應(yīng)steady-state response暫態(tài)響應(yīng)transient response時間常數(shù)time consta

13、nt指數(shù)函數(shù)exponential function沖激響應(yīng)impulse response階躍響應(yīng)step response自由響應(yīng)natural response自由分量natural component逼迫響應(yīng)forced response強制分量forced component全響應(yīng)complete response穩(wěn)態(tài)值final value卷積convolution時域延遲time delay換路switching跳變現(xiàn)象jump phenomenon脈沖持續(xù)時間pulse duration脈沖反復(fù)周期repeating period of pulse Chapter 7 Seco

14、nd-order Circuit常系數(shù)微分方程constant coefficients differential equation齊次微分方程homogeneous differential equation二階電路second-order circuit特性方程characteristic equation特性根characteristic root特性值eigenvalue特性向量eigenvector特解particular solution通解general solution自然頻率natural frequency衰減系數(shù)damping factor諧振頻率resonant fre

15、quency過阻尼狀況overdamped case欠阻尼狀況underdamped case臨界狀況critically damped case固有頻率natural frequency衰減振蕩damped oscillation無損lossless正弦響應(yīng)sinusoidal response波形waveform復(fù)數(shù)complex衰減attenuationChapter 8-9 Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis復(fù)數(shù)complex number幅值amplitude / magnitude相位phase相位差phase difference角頻率angular

16、 frequency周期period頻率frequency正弦的sinusoidal初相角initial phase angle瞬時值instantaneous value最大值maximum有效值effective value / root-mean-square valueu 領(lǐng)先 i u leads i by u 落后 i u lags i by 同相in phase反相opposite in phase實部real part虛部imaginary part直角坐標(biāo)形式rectangular form極坐標(biāo)形式polar form指數(shù)形式exponential form相量phasor參

17、照相量reference phasor旋轉(zhuǎn)相量rotating phasor電壓三角形voltage triangle瞬時功率instantaneous power平均功率average power阻抗impedance阻抗角impedance angle阻抗三角形impedance triangle導(dǎo)納admittance電抗reactance電納suspectance感性inductive感抗inductive reactance感納inductive suspectance容性capacitive容抗capacitive reactance容納capacitive suspectance

18、正弦穩(wěn)態(tài)響應(yīng)sinusoidal steady-state response時域time-domain相量域phasor-domain瞬時概率instantaneous power視在/表觀功率apparent power功率因數(shù)power factor (pf)復(fù)功率complex power功率三角形power triangle復(fù)共軛complex conjugate有功分量active component有功功率active power無功分量reactive component功率守恒定理theorem of conservation of power無功功率reactive powe

19、r阻抗匹配impedence matching共軛匹配conjugate matching串聯(lián)諧振series resonance并聯(lián)諧振parallel resonance諧振頻率resonance frequency品質(zhì)因數(shù)quality factor特性阻抗characteristic impedence頻率響應(yīng)frequency response選擇性selectivity選頻特性frequency-selection characteristicChapter 10 Magnetically Coupled Circuits耦合couple互感mutual inductance自感s

20、elf-inductance磁通magnetic flux線圈coil鐵心線圈iron core coil匝數(shù)turn耦合系數(shù)coupling coefficient變壓器transformer空心變壓器air-core transformer原邊primary coils / windings副邊secondary coils / windings引入阻抗reflected impendence抱負(fù)變壓器ideal transformer全耦合unity coupling coefficient全耦合變壓器perfect coupling transformer變比turns ratio /

21、 transformation ratio自耦合變壓器auto transformer多繞組變壓器multiple-winding transformer激磁電感magnetizing inductance右螺旋定則right-hand screw rule漏感l(wèi)eakage inductance同名端dotted terminalterminals of same magnetic polarityChapter 11 Three-phase Circuits對稱三相電路symmetrical three-phase circuit三相電源three-phase sources中線neutr

22、al line中性點neutral point三相四線制three-phase four-wire system相電壓phase voltage線電壓line voltage相序phase sequence正序positive / abc sequence負(fù)序negative / acb sequence相電流phase current線電流line currentChapter 12 Steady-State Response of Periodic Excitation信號signal周期函數(shù)periodic function周期性非正弦鼓勵nonsinusoidal periodic e

23、xcitation帕斯瓦爾定理Parsevals theorem指數(shù)形式的付里葉級數(shù)exponential Fourier series付里葉系數(shù)Fourier coefficient基波fundamental harmonic基波頻率fundamental frequency諧波harmonic wave高次諧波higher harmonic頻譜frequency spectrum譜線spectrum line線狀頻譜line spectrum奇次諧波oddharmonic偶次諧波even harmonic奇對稱odd symmetry偶對稱even symmetry半波對稱half-wave symmetry三角形式的付里葉級數(shù)trigometric Fourier seriesChapter 15 State Variables Approach狀態(tài)變量state variable狀態(tài)方程state equation輸出方程output equation狀態(tài)空間state space列向量column vector特性值cha