英語句子成分市公開課獲獎?wù)n件

1、 句子成份第1頁第1頁句子成份主語 subject謂語 predicate賓語 object表語 predicative賓補 complement定語 attribute狀語 adverbial同位語 appositive第2頁第2頁1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主語謂語定語賓語同位語狀語第3頁第3頁1.主語（subject)：主語是一個句子主題，是句子所陳說主體，普通放于句首，能夠是人，也能夠是物，指動作執(zhí)行者。例:那個學(xué)生問了老師一些問題.The student asked the teacher some que

2、stions.主語例:今天天氣非常好.The weather is very nice today.主語第4頁第4頁2.謂語（predicate)：謂語普通是指主語動作或狀態(tài)，由動詞或動詞短語充當，位置普通放于主語后面。例:他工作非常努力.He works very hard.謂語例:今天天氣非常好.The weather is very nice today.謂語例:他在字典里查出了這個單詞. He looked up the word in the dictionary.謂語第5頁第5頁3. 賓語（object)：賓語在句子中主要充當動作承受者，普通放于及物動詞之后。例:老師把燈關(guān)了.Th

3、e teacher turned off the lights.介賓例:他們將不會傷害我們.They wont hurt us.動賓例:他在上個星期放棄吸煙了. He gave up smoking last week.介賓賓語動賓介賓第6頁第6頁賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語指物,間接賓語指人.He gave me some books.間接賓語直接賓語Please pass me the book.He bought me some flowers.第7頁第7頁4. 表語：表語主要用于表述主語特性，狀態(tài)，身份等。它位于連系動詞后，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。連系動詞例:我是一個老師.I am a

4、teacher.表語例:這種水果嘗起來味道較好. This kind of fruit tastes very delicious.表語1.be動詞(am, is, are, was, were)3.感官動詞(look, smell, hear, feel)+表語2.表狀態(tài)改變動詞(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay)例:那個女孩變得非常緊張.The girl got worried. 表語第8頁第8頁5. 定語:(attribute)定語是用來闡明名詞（代詞）品質(zhì)與特性詞，形容詞通常作定語。這是一節(jié)生動有趣課This is a lively and intere

5、sting class.有一些難題要處理There is something difficult to deal with.前置定語后置定語It took him quite a little time to get familiar with the routes _ to the nest-shaped stadium.花了很長時間他才熟悉通往鳥巢形體育館路。leading第9頁第9頁定語He is a clever boy.They are building a stone bridge.There are 54 students in our class.Do you known Be

6、ttys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.I met a friend on my way home.(形容詞)(名詞)(數(shù)詞)(名詞所有格)(動名詞)(現(xiàn)在分詞)(過去分詞)(副詞)第10頁第10頁. 狀語:(adverbial)狀語是修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞以及全句句子成份；按用途分，可分為時間，地點，原因，結(jié)果，目的，條件，讓步，程度，方式，伴隨情況等。表時間：yesterday, today, tomorrow Shall we

7、 go shopping today or tomorrow?我們是今天還是明天出去買東西啊？表地點：in China, at the airport I saw a student in the classroom.我在教室里看見一個學(xué)生第11頁第11頁表原因: because, as, for, since他由于生病因此今天沒有去上學(xué) Because he was ill, he didnt go to school today.表結(jié)果：to+do, v+ing, 從句那個男孩從樹上掉下來了，頭撞到地上了The boy fell off the tree, striking his hea

8、d against the ground.表目:in order to, in order that, for the purpose為了考入一個愈加好學(xué)校，我必須愈加努力In order to get into a better school, I must study even harder .第12頁第12頁表條件: as/so long as, if, unless,只要努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就會取得好成績As long as you study hard, you can get a high mark.表讓步: in spite of, despite, although, though他即

9、使不結(jié)識我，但卻幫了我He helped me although he didnt know me.表程度: very, enough, to some extent那里風(fēng)景非常美麗The scenery there is very beautiful.第13頁第13頁表方式: like that, as, as if不要那樣看我Dont look at me like that!表伴隨情況：老師走進教室，手里拿著一本書The teacher came into the classroom, catching a book in his hand.with第14頁第14頁. 補語:(compl

10、ement)補語主語補足語：賓語補足語：補充闡明主語動作或狀態(tài)補充闡明賓語動作或狀態(tài)我又累又困，就去睡了。Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.2我發(fā)覺那本書很有趣。I found that book very interesting.主語補足語賓語補足語你朋友來上學(xué)時心情很不好。Your friend comes to school very upset.第15頁第15頁8. 同位語:(appositive)當兩個同一事物句子成份放在同等位置時，一個句子成份可被用來闡明或解釋另一個句子成份，前者就叫做后者同位語。我們有兩個孩子，一男一女We have two chi

11、ldren, a boy and a girl.那人是我老師，他從來都不騎自行車The man, my teacher, never rides a bike.I want this diary itself to be my friend. P 77第16頁第16頁句子分類簡樸句復(fù)合句并列復(fù)合句主從復(fù)合句有兩個或兩個以上簡樸句用連詞連接而成。如：and, but, or, so等定語從句狀語從句名詞性從句由一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）構(gòu)成句子.eg:Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draw

12、s pictures for the newspaper.由主句和從句組成，且主從句分別有不同主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。第17頁第17頁五大基本句型一: (主謂)二: (主系表)三: (主謂賓)四: (主謂間賓直賓)五: (主謂賓賓補)第18頁第18頁基本句型 一:(主謂)謂語:不及物動詞(vi.)沒有賓語, 形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。如: We come.(不及物動詞)1. The sun rose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly第19頁

13、第19頁基本句型二：(是系動詞) (表語) 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell in love. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 6. Our well has gone dry. 7. His face turned red. 第20頁第20頁基本句型 三: (主謂賓)此句型特點是：謂語動詞都是及物動詞,必須跟有一個賓語, 即動作承受者, 才干使意思完整。(及物動詞)(賓語

14、)1. Whoknowsthe answer? 2. He has refusedto help them. 3. Heenjoysreading. 4. Hesaid“Good morning.”5. Headmitsthat he was mistaken. 第21頁第21頁基本句型 四: (主謂間賓直賓)有些及物動詞能夠有兩個賓語, e.g. give/pass/bring/show。這兩個賓語通常一個指人(間接賓語); 一個指物(直接賓語)。-Give me a cup of tea please.-Give a cup of tea to me please.give sb sth=

15、 give sth to sb第22頁第22頁(及物)(多指人)(多指物)She ordered herself a new dress. 2. He brought you a dictionary. 3. I showed him my pictures. 4. I told him that the bus was late. 5. He showed me how to run the machine. 第23頁第23頁基本句型 五: (主謂賓賓補)此句型特點是: 動詞即使是及物動詞, 但是只跟一個賓語還不能表示完整意思, 必須加上一個補充成份來補足賓語, 才干使意思完整。賓語補足語:

16、 位于賓語之后對賓語作出闡明成份。能夠用作賓語補足語有名詞, 形容詞, 不定式,動名詞, 分詞, 介詞短語等。第24頁第24頁The war made him a soldier. New methods make the job easy.I often find him at work.The teacher ask the students to close the windows.I saw a cat running across the road.名詞形容詞介詞短語動詞不定式動名詞第25頁第25頁 (及物) (賓語) (賓補) 1. They painted the door gr

17、een. 3. They found the house deserted. 4. He asked me to come back soon. 5. I saw them getting on the bus. 第26頁第26頁 慣用英語句子除了基本句型成份不變通常是在這些成份前面或后面增長一些修飾語（modifier）而加以擴大。這些修飾語能夠是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也能夠是 各種類型短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語）。 We found the hall full. 我們發(fā)覺禮堂坐滿了。 We found the great hall full of student

18、s and teachers. 我們發(fā)覺大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師。句子擴展第27頁第27頁 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我們發(fā)覺大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽一個主要匯報。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current af

19、fairs in East Europe. 我們發(fā)覺大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽人民日報一位同志作相關(guān)東歐局勢主要匯報。句子擴展第28頁第28頁a. b. c. d. e. 1. Pleas tell us a story. _2. She smiled. _3. His job is to train swimmers. _4. He noticed a man enter the room. _5. Please look at the picture. _dabec第29頁第29頁學(xué)案II. 翻譯下列句子1.你故事聽起來很有趣。You story sounds very interest

20、ing.2.我感到有一點累。I felt a bit tired. 3.我妹妹是在農(nóng)村長大。 My younger sister grew up in the country.4.這家醫(yī)院創(chuàng)建于1950年。 This hospital was set up in 1950. 5.他由于車子開得太快而違反了交通規(guī)則。 He broke the traffic rule because he drove his car too fast.第30頁第30頁6、他拿出一瓶啤酒，不久將其喝光。He brought out a bottle of beer and drank it up quickly.

21、7、順便問一下，她把錢付給你了嗎？By the way, has she paid you the money?8、下學(xué)期誰教你們生物？Who will teach you biology next term?9、他總是把他臥室收拾得干潔凈凈He always keeps his bedroom clean. 10、什么促使你這樣想？What made you think so?第31頁第31頁劃分句子成份You will tell your friend that youve got to school. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window.3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.4. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me enti