英語(yǔ)句子成分市公開課獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

1、 句子成份第1頁(yè)第1頁(yè)句子成份主語(yǔ) subject謂語(yǔ) predicate賓語(yǔ) object表語(yǔ) predicative賓補(bǔ) complement定語(yǔ) attribute狀語(yǔ) adverbial同位語(yǔ) appositive第2頁(yè)第2頁(yè)1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)第3頁(yè)第3頁(yè)1.主語(yǔ)（subject)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子主題，是句子所陳說(shuō)主體，普通放于句首，能夠是人，也能夠是物，指動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者。例:那個(gè)學(xué)生問(wèn)了老師一些問(wèn)題.The student asked the teacher some que

2、stions.主語(yǔ)例:今天天氣非常好.The weather is very nice today.主語(yǔ)第4頁(yè)第4頁(yè)2.謂語(yǔ)（predicate)：謂語(yǔ)普通是指主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)，位置普通放于主語(yǔ)后面。例:他工作非常努力.He works very hard.謂語(yǔ)例:今天天氣非常好.The weather is very nice today.謂語(yǔ)例:他在字典里查出了這個(gè)單詞. He looked up the word in the dictionary.謂語(yǔ)第5頁(yè)第5頁(yè)3. 賓語(yǔ)（object)：賓語(yǔ)在句子中主要充當(dāng)動(dòng)作承受者，普通放于及物動(dòng)詞之后。例:老師把燈關(guān)了.Th

3、e teacher turned off the lights.介賓例:他們將不會(huì)傷害我們.They wont hurt us.動(dòng)賓例:他在上個(gè)星期放棄吸煙了. He gave up smoking last week.介賓賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)賓介賓第6頁(yè)第6頁(yè)賓語(yǔ)分為直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ).直接賓語(yǔ)指物,間接賓語(yǔ)指人.He gave me some books.間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)Please pass me the book.He bought me some flowers.第7頁(yè)第7頁(yè)4. 表語(yǔ)：表語(yǔ)主要用于表述主語(yǔ)特性，狀態(tài)，身份等。它位于連系動(dòng)詞后，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。連系動(dòng)詞例:我是一個(gè)老師.I am a

4、teacher.表語(yǔ)例:這種水果嘗起來(lái)味道較好. This kind of fruit tastes very delicious.表語(yǔ)1.be動(dòng)詞(am, is, are, was, were)3.感官動(dòng)詞(look, smell, hear, feel)+表語(yǔ)2.表狀態(tài)改變動(dòng)詞(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay)例:那個(gè)女孩變得非常緊張.The girl got worried. 表語(yǔ)第8頁(yè)第8頁(yè)5. 定語(yǔ):(attribute)定語(yǔ)是用來(lái)闡明名詞（代詞）品質(zhì)與特性詞，形容詞通常作定語(yǔ)。這是一節(jié)生動(dòng)有趣課This is a lively and intere

5、sting class.有一些難題要處理There is something difficult to deal with.前置定語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ)It took him quite a little time to get familiar with the routes _ to the nest-shaped stadium.花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間他才熟悉通往鳥巢形體育館路。leading第9頁(yè)第9頁(yè)定語(yǔ)He is a clever boy.They are building a stone bridge.There are 54 students in our class.Do you known Be

6、ttys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.I met a friend on my way home.(形容詞)(名詞)(數(shù)詞)(名詞所有格)(動(dòng)名詞)(現(xiàn)在分詞)(過(guò)去分詞)(副詞)第10頁(yè)第10頁(yè). 狀語(yǔ):(adverbial)狀語(yǔ)是修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞以及全句句子成份；按用途分，可分為時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，結(jié)果，目的，條件，讓步，程度，方式，伴隨情況等。表時(shí)間：yesterday, today, tomorrow Shall we

7、 go shopping today or tomorrow?我們是今天還是明天出去買東西啊？表地點(diǎn)：in China, at the airport I saw a student in the classroom.我在教室里看見(jiàn)一個(gè)學(xué)生第11頁(yè)第11頁(yè)表原因: because, as, for, since他由于生病因此今天沒(méi)有去上學(xué) Because he was ill, he didnt go to school today.表結(jié)果：to+do, v+ing, 從句那個(gè)男孩從樹上掉下來(lái)了，頭撞到地上了The boy fell off the tree, striking his hea

8、d against the ground.表目:in order to, in order that, for the purpose為了考入一個(gè)愈加好學(xué)校，我必須愈加努力In order to get into a better school, I must study even harder .第12頁(yè)第12頁(yè)表?xiàng)l件: as/so long as, if, unless,只要努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就會(huì)取得好成績(jī)As long as you study hard, you can get a high mark.表讓步: in spite of, despite, although, though他即

9、使不結(jié)識(shí)我，但卻幫了我He helped me although he didnt know me.表程度: very, enough, to some extent那里風(fēng)景非常美麗The scenery there is very beautiful.第13頁(yè)第13頁(yè)表方式: like that, as, as if不要那樣看我Dont look at me like that!表伴隨情況：老師走進(jìn)教室，手里拿著一本書The teacher came into the classroom, catching a book in his hand.with第14頁(yè)第14頁(yè). 補(bǔ)語(yǔ):(compl

10、ement)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：補(bǔ)充闡明主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)補(bǔ)充闡明賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)我又累又困，就去睡了。Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.2我發(fā)覺(jué)那本書很有趣。I found that book very interesting.主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)你朋友來(lái)上學(xué)時(shí)心情很不好。Your friend comes to school very upset.第15頁(yè)第15頁(yè)8. 同位語(yǔ):(appositive)當(dāng)兩個(gè)同一事物句子成份放在同等位置時(shí)，一個(gè)句子成份可被用來(lái)闡明或解釋另一個(gè)句子成份，前者就叫做后者同位語(yǔ)。我們有兩個(gè)孩子，一男一女We have two chi

11、ldren, a boy and a girl.那人是我老師，他從來(lái)都不騎自行車The man, my teacher, never rides a bike.I want this diary itself to be my friend. P 77第16頁(yè)第16頁(yè)句子分類簡(jiǎn)樸句復(fù)合句并列復(fù)合句主從復(fù)合句有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上簡(jiǎn)樸句用連詞連接而成。如：and, but, or, so等定語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句名詞性從句由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）構(gòu)成句子.eg:Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draw

12、s pictures for the newspaper.由主句和從句組成，且主從句分別有不同主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。第17頁(yè)第17頁(yè)五大基本句型一: (主謂)二: (主系表)三: (主謂賓)四: (主謂間賓直賓)五: (主謂賓賓補(bǔ))第18頁(yè)第18頁(yè)基本句型 一:(主謂)謂語(yǔ):不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.)沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ), 形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。如: We come.(不及物動(dòng)詞)1. The sun rose. 2. Who cares? 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly第19頁(yè)

13、第19頁(yè)基本句型二：(是系動(dòng)詞) (表語(yǔ)) 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell in love. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 6. Our well has gone dry. 7. His face turned red. 第20頁(yè)第20頁(yè)基本句型 三: (主謂賓)此句型特點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都是及物動(dòng)詞,必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ), 即動(dòng)作承受者, 才干使意思完整。(及物動(dòng)詞)(賓語(yǔ)

14、)1. Whoknowsthe answer? 2. He has refusedto help them. 3. Heenjoysreading. 4. Hesaid“Good morning.”5. Headmitsthat he was mistaken. 第21頁(yè)第21頁(yè)基本句型 四: (主謂間賓直賓)有些及物動(dòng)詞能夠有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ), e.g. give/pass/bring/show。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)通常一個(gè)指人(間接賓語(yǔ)); 一個(gè)指物(直接賓語(yǔ))。-Give me a cup of tea please.-Give a cup of tea to me please.give sb sth=

15、 give sth to sb第22頁(yè)第22頁(yè)(及物)(多指人)(多指物)She ordered herself a new dress. 2. He brought you a dictionary. 3. I showed him my pictures. 4. I told him that the bus was late. 5. He showed me how to run the machine. 第23頁(yè)第23頁(yè)基本句型 五: (主謂賓賓補(bǔ))此句型特點(diǎn)是: 動(dòng)詞即使是及物動(dòng)詞, 但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表示完整意思, 必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成份來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ), 才干使意思完整。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):

16、 位于賓語(yǔ)之后對(duì)賓語(yǔ)作出闡明成份。能夠用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有名詞, 形容詞, 不定式,動(dòng)名詞, 分詞, 介詞短語(yǔ)等。第24頁(yè)第24頁(yè)The war made him a soldier. New methods make the job easy.I often find him at work.The teacher ask the students to close the windows.I saw a cat running across the road.名詞形容詞介詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)名詞第25頁(yè)第25頁(yè) (及物) (賓語(yǔ)) (賓補(bǔ)) 1. They painted the door gr

17、een. 3. They found the house deserted. 4. He asked me to come back soon. 5. I saw them getting on the bus. 第26頁(yè)第26頁(yè) 慣用英語(yǔ)句子除了基本句型成份不變通常是在這些成份前面或后面增長(zhǎng)一些修飾語(yǔ)（modifier）而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語(yǔ)能夠是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也能夠是 各種類型短語(yǔ)（主要是介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)和分詞短語(yǔ)）。 We found the hall full. 我們發(fā)覺(jué)禮堂坐滿了。 We found the great hall full of student

18、s and teachers. 我們發(fā)覺(jué)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師。句子擴(kuò)展第27頁(yè)第27頁(yè) We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我們發(fā)覺(jué)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽一個(gè)主要匯報(bào)。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current af

19、fairs in East Europe. 我們發(fā)覺(jué)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽人民日?qǐng)?bào)一位同志作相關(guān)東歐局勢(shì)主要匯報(bào)。句子擴(kuò)展第28頁(yè)第28頁(yè)a. b. c. d. e. 1. Pleas tell us a story. _2. She smiled. _3. His job is to train swimmers. _4. He noticed a man enter the room. _5. Please look at the picture. _dabec第29頁(yè)第29頁(yè)學(xué)案II. 翻譯下列句子1.你故事聽起來(lái)很有趣。You story sounds very interest

20、ing.2.我感到有一點(diǎn)累。I felt a bit tired. 3.我妹妹是在農(nóng)村長(zhǎng)大。 My younger sister grew up in the country.4.這家醫(yī)院創(chuàng)建于1950年。 This hospital was set up in 1950. 5.他由于車子開得太快而違反了交通規(guī)則。 He broke the traffic rule because he drove his car too fast.第30頁(yè)第30頁(yè)6、他拿出一瓶啤酒，不久將其喝光。He brought out a bottle of beer and drank it up quickly.

21、7、順便問(wèn)一下，她把錢付給你了嗎？By the way, has she paid you the money?8、下學(xué)期誰(shuí)教你們生物？Who will teach you biology next term?9、他總是把他臥室收拾得干潔凈凈He always keeps his bedroom clean. 10、什么促使你這樣想？What made you think so?第31頁(yè)第31頁(yè)劃分句子成份You will tell your friend that youve got to school. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window.3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.4. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me enti