僅供參考別人的ron筆記cr lecture

1、RonsCR1) AnMPTIONisat AWORDOFNotetheLARGEdifferencen “findthemption”andYoumustALWAYSbeawareoftherequirementsofthePROBLEMFINDTHEMPTION(questionle:whichofthefollowingisanmptionaretRonsCR1) AnMPTIONisat AWORDOFNotetheLARGEdifferencen “findthemption”andYoumustALWAYSbeawareoftherequirementsofthePROBLEMFI

2、NDTHEMPTION(questionle:whichofthefollowingisanmptionaretNEEDtobetrue,andNOTEXPLICITLYheSARY! In other-Dontjust pickstrengtheners!Make t the ement is ifyou*Whenyoufindvethismption,thentheargumentmptions,youneedtostayheSCOPEofthe*When youre looking for an MPTION, weaker/ more moderate ements are mptio

3、ns are generally t are TAKEN he argument, so, shouldnotexpectthemtobeterribly le:whichofthefollowingwouldbemostuseful*itsperfectlyokforthoseanswerstobeOUTSIDEtheDIRECTSCOPEofthe*WhenyoulookforSTRENGTHEN/WEAKEN:moreextremeementsaregoodthis*ThebestweaponyouhaveistoSIMPLIFYTHETRYFOR: , THEREFORE, -only

4、applythetoyourSIMPLIFIED tmanytSEEMEDrelevantarereally2) BOLDFACE*DecidewhethereachboldfaceisaFACTora-SomeementscanbeheANSWERtrestrictthosetofactsor MUSTBECLAIMS:;ition;stance;prediction;hypothesis;be f; 3) IN GENERAL you have a situation in which something might be expected to happen, but iteOVERAL

5、LREVIEWOFHESITUATION”CR1* The PRIMARY CHALLENGE of these problems is to UNDERSTAND WHAT THE QUESTION ACTUALLY IS.2*ThecorrectanswerwillAlwaysbeOUTSIDETHESCOPEofthepassageeastsome-ifyouseeat*does*stayINSIDEthescopeofthepassage,OVERALLREVIEWOFHESITUATION”CR1* The PRIMARY CHALLENGE of these problems is

6、 to UNDERSTAND WHAT THE QUESTION ACTUALLY IS.2*ThecorrectanswerwillAlwaysbeOUTSIDETHESCOPEofthepassageeastsome-ifyouseeat*does*stayINSIDEthescopeofthepassage,thenits3*youwillhavetomakeREASONABLEDONOTUSEFORMALMPTIONStomaketheconnection(s)Thinklikea“real”includingthetsuchpeoplewould4) StrengthenWeaken

7、andEvaluatetheSPECTRUMofwaysinwhichretWHENYOUDOSTRENGTHEN/WEAKENUITIVE ntheements,isn *Whenyoureadementshepassage-Makecommonsenseheanswer-retheMOSTPROBABLEreal-worldsortof*DONTUSEFORMAL*DONTWORRY-Classifying-Tryingtofindgeneraltgeneratecorrect5) s 6) Moreproblemswith“ProblemswithWhenyouseeabl s”areN

8、OTaseparatetypeof,theproblemndshouldooneofthe Findthemption(passageisan Draw(passageisnotan MAKESMOST*NO*additional *NOT*formalFORMALe.g., S/We.g.,drawhesituation/)7) Draw Moststrongly*YouneedtopicktheanswertisPROVEDBEYONDAREASONABLEHEGIVENWhatisINSCOPE:Whenyouseeinxhesituation/)7) Draw Moststrongly

9、*YouneedtopicktheanswertisPROVEDBEYONDAREASONABLEHEGIVENWhatisINSCOPE:Whenyouseeinxx”the“if”(hypothetical)doesvetoWhat can bePROVED BEYOND AREASONABLEDOUBT: t hypothetical, youstill have beabletoPROVEfromwhatyou8) Numbersandistics(partIf a percentage of something goes up, t result doesnt sary signif

10、y an tyitself.(SamegoesforIftheyaskyouaquestionabout“componentpercentages”,thisisveryoftentheThey want to give you t dont require extensive calculationthey want to give ttesttheCONCEPTSbehindtheIfyougetSPECIFICNUMBERS,thenWORKWITHIfyougetgeneralconceptslike%andabsolutenumber,thenthink1*WatchoutforTD

11、ONTCOMPORTWITHEACHE.g.Percentages/proportions/ratiosVSabsolute (E.g.poundsroductionworkerVStotal2*MaketyouBOILARGUMENTSDOWNTOTHEIRESSENTIALS回歸論點(diǎn)的本質(zhì)FigureoutWHATAFFECTSorLINEOF he 9) ProblemswithNumbersandistics(partRemember:EvenwhenCRproblemsareisticalinnature,theyarestillThespecificvaluesofthenumbe

12、rsarealmostnever n2*EXTRAVARIABLES:WhatmightaffectthesesntbeenGENERALLESSON:Inproblemsitsofties are given WITHOUT units such as “more likely e victims in problemFYties.Inotherwords,givethem*WhenyouAREgivenunits:-Notice-Thinkwhetheranyconsiderations tthescoreisNOTthemostimportantthingaboutapracticeWh

13、at matters on practice tests is the weak t areproblemFYties.Inotherwords,givethem*WhenyouAREgivenunits:-Notice-Thinkwhetheranyconsiderations tthescoreisNOTthemostimportantthingaboutapracticeWhat matters on practice tests is the weak t are , and the opportuniti s Strengthen/weakenproblemshaveaVERYNAR

14、ROWThereisusuallyONEEtyouaretryingtoaddress;youshouldignoreallother.FindoutmptionsshouldrevealwhatistheMAINsary to explicitly identify EheIts mptions before judging whether a strengthensorweakenstheIfyoutrytoidentify,youaremakingthetaskmoreALLstrengthenersandweakenerscomefromOUTSIDETHEEXISTINGSCOPEo

15、fwhatisIngeneral,strengthenersandweakenersshouldbeNEWREMEMBERthereareothertypes(suchas“boldface”)onwhichyouSHOULDNTgothroughanswer;instead,youshouldjustpredicttheThe difference here argument and its im throughtheanswerchoit there will be, in general, many ways to weaken or strengthen sible l which o

16、ne youre going to see. Therefore, you need to .DonttrytoREMEMBER-Theseproblemsarenot“confirm/destroy”;theyare“strengthen/PROVEthetAFFECTthetyoushoulduseforstrengtheningandTherewillbeANtype Eheargument.UsuallythisEcanbeheformofaIfthethiseisnot 2thingstobecarefulTherearelotsofwaystostrengthen/weakentw

17、ontbeingoutmptionsismuchRemember:youcannotquestionaWhat are we weakening? Claimbecause we are just GUESSINGtthisisthecase. HOW DO YOU WEAKEN A CAUSE-EFFECT ARGUMENT?ay to weaken “X causes Y” is to give tYactuallycausest itsBACKWARD in #2anotherwayistotSOMETHINGRemember:youcannotquestionaWhat are we

18、weakening? Claimbecause we are just GUESSINGtthisisthecase. HOW DO YOU WEAKEN A CAUSE-EFFECT ARGUMENT?ay to weaken “X causes Y” is to give tYactuallycausest itsBACKWARD in #2anotherwayistotSOMETHINGELSEcausesBOTH“X”andWhentherearelotsofwordsoyourownwords(i yourheSituationNGinproblemslike1*IDENTIFYWHATyouareactuallytryingtoSIBLEwitheachtrectifiesthe“weirdness”twouldhelpthefactstMUSTbe-NOTanhe2thingsyoucandowithheweirdness”Thereshouldbelotsofwaystoexplainwhateverweird