語法通霸非謂語

1、第五章非謂語第一部分考點精講精練考點1.謂語和非謂語在英語中，一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)中只能有一個謂語，再出現(xiàn)動詞時，要變成非謂語形式。（參看：P錯誤!未定義書簽。錯誤!未找到引用源。）英語中非謂語動詞包括：動名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞和動詞不定式。無論它們在句中作什么成分，他們都保持著自己本身的屬性特點。動名詞：具有名詞功能，常在句中作：主語，賓語；作定語時表功能；現(xiàn)在分詞：表主動和正在進行,常在句中作：定語，狀語，賓補；過去分詞：被動和已完成，常在句中作：定語，狀語補語；動詞不定式：表將來具體某一次，常在句中作；主語定語，狀語，補語，賓語等。要學(xué)好非謂語，掌握它們的本身屬性很關(guān)鍵第1講作主語考點1動詞不

2、定式作主語與動名詞作主語的區(qū)別動詞原形是不能作主語的。動詞作主語時，如果側(cè)重于表示經(jīng)常性，在動詞后面加ing構(gòu)成動名詞來做主語；如果側(cè)重于表示將來特定的某一次，則用動詞不定式來做主語。Playingbasketballismyfavoritesport.（打籃球指經(jīng)常性，因此用動名詞。）Togotoakeycollegeishisdream.（上名牌大學(xué)”指特定的將來的某一次，用不定式）有時為了對稱，主語，賓語（或表語）要么都用不定時，要么都用動名詞。Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungando

3、ld.A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walktosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoonesskin.A.ExposedB.havingexposedC.BeingexposedD.AfterbeingexposedToanswercorrectlyismoreimportantthan.A.thatyoufinishquicklyB.finishingquicklyC.tofinishquicklyD.finishquicklynowseemsimpossible.A.SavingmoneyB.TosavemoneyC.Beingsa

4、vedmoneyD.Tobesavedmoney【2009四川】HetolduswhetherapicnicwasstillunderdiscussionA.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had考點2.what在問句中作主語時，常用動名詞短語來回答WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupsethernewbicycle.A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing寫作專練1正確選擇不定式或動名詞做主語(P33)第2講作賓語作主語用動詞不定式還是動名詞主要是看主語表示的動作是將來還是經(jīng)常性；作賓語用動詞不定式還是動名詞主要是看謂語

5、動詞的搭配。考點1有些動詞只能跟不定式作賓語這類及物動詞常見的有：agree（同意）,ask（請、要）,attempt（試圖），afford付得起agree同意ask要求apply申請care（想要），choose（決定、要）,decide（決定），desire（希望），determine（決心）,help幫助expect（期望），fail（未能）,hope（希望）,intend（打算）,learn（學(xué)習(xí)）,manage（設(shè)法），offer（愿意）,plan（計劃、打算）,pretend（假裝）,refuse（拒絕、謝絕）,wish（希望）,promise（答應(yīng)），want（想要）等等。Wea

6、sked_toworkinthecountryside.A.tobesentB.tosendC.tobesendingD.sending【2010江西】Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting.A.todiscoverB.tobediscoveredC.discoveredD.beingdiscoveredIexpectedyourfriend,butmycarbrokedownontheway.A.IllmeetB.meetingC.tomeetingD.tomeetShetoldmethatshehaddecidedagain.A.ben

7、otlateB.notbelateC.nottobelateD.tobenotlateAlmosteveryonefailsonthefirsttry.A.inpassinghisdriverstestB.topasshisdriverstestC.tohavepassedhisdriverstestD.passinghisdriverstestThetwoweaverspretendedveryhard,thoughtheydidnothingatthelooms.A.workB.workingC.tobeworkedD.tobeworkingWhenhegotoffthetrain,ith

8、appened.A.torainB.toberainingC.rainingD.torainingIdidntituntilyouhadexplainedhow.A.managetodoB.managedtodoC.managetohavedoneD.managedoingTheyoungdriverofferedthepatientoutofthecar.A.tohandB.handingC.handsD.wouldhandThewhitehorserefusedthestonewall.A.itsjumpingB.tojumpC.jumpingupD.tojumpat考點2.有些動詞只能跟

9、動名詞作賓語下列動詞習(xí)慣上可接動名詞作賓語，但不能接不定式作賓語：admit承認advise建議allow允許appreciate感激avoid避免consider考慮delay推遲deny否認discuss討論dislike不喜歡enjoy喜愛escape逃脫excuse原諒fancy設(shè)想finish完成forbid禁止forgive原諒giveup放棄imagine想象keep保持mention提及mind介意miss沒趕上pardon原諒permit允許practice練習(xí)prevent阻止prohibit禁止putoff推遲risk冒險stop停止suggest建議feellike想做

10、某事Iwouldappreciatebackthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.yourecallingSheenjoyslightmusic.A.tohearB.hearingC.listeningtoD.tolistentoYoucankeepthebookuntilyou.A.havefinishedreadingB.finishtoreadC.willfinishreadingD.havefinishedtoreadAlisaidthatshewouldntmindaloneathome.A.leftB.beingleftC

11、.tobeleftD.leavingIfyoukeepEnglish,youcanlearnEnglishwell.A.practicingspeakB.practicingspeakingC.practicingtospeakD.topractisespokenWeareconsideringanewplan.A.makingB.beingmadeC.tomakeD.tohavemadeThesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissedA.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatchCanyouimagineyourselfonad

12、esertislandA.stayingB.stayC.havestayedD.beingstayedWecanunderstandwhyheavoidstous.A.tospeakB.speechC.havingspokenD.speakingPleaseexcusemyinwithout.A.come,askingB.coming,askingC.tocome,beingaskedD.coming,beingaskedWhyhavetheydelayedthenewschoolA.openingB.toopenC.havingopenedD.tohaveopenedShethekey.A.

13、admitedtakingB.admittedtakeC.admittedhavingtakenD.admittedtohavetaken【2008上海春】Asanewdriver,IhavetopracticethecarinmysmallgarageagainandagainA.parkingB.toparkC.parkedD.park【2009上海】BillsuggestedameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.A.havingheldB.toholdC.holdingD.hold【2011四川】Lydiadoesnt

14、feellikeabroad.Herparentsareold.A.studyB.studyingC.studiedD.tostudy考點3.有些動詞既可跟不定式也可跟動名詞，但意思上有差別forget/rememberdoing/havingdone跟動名詞作賓語，記得還是忘了以前曾經(jīng)做的事forget/remembertodo還未做regretdoingsth.對做過的某事表示后悔regrettosay,很抱歉的說meantodo,打算作某事；meandoing,意味著trytodo,盡力作某事；trydoing,嘗試著作某事want/need/requiredoingsth,表示被動等于

15、want/need/requiretobedonelike/hatedoing,經(jīng)常性的like/hatetodo,特定的某一次be/getusedtodoing習(xí)慣于做某事usedtodo過去經(jīng)常做某事beusedtodo被用來做canthelpdoing=canthelpbutdo忍不住做某事canthelp(to)do不能幫助做某事stopdoing停止正在做著的某事stoptodo停下來做別的事情(todo是目的狀語)goondoing繼續(xù)做原來做的事goontodo接著干別的事情LittleJimshouldlovetothetheatrethisevening.Atobetaken

16、B.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking-“Didyouclosethedoor-“Yes,Irememberit.A.tocloseB.toclosingC.closingD.closed【2012安徽】IrememberedthedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.A.lockingB.tolockC.havinglockedD.tohavelockedImsorryIforgotyourdictionary.LetsborrowonefromLiMing.A.totakeB.takingC.tobrin

17、gD.bringingHenryalwaysforgetsthingshehasdone.Yesterdayheforgotandlookedforiteverywhere.A.toposttheletterB.tohavetheletterpostedC.tohavepostedtheletterD.havingpostedtheletterMybrotherregrettedalecturegivenbyProfessorLiu.A.missingB.tomissC.missedD.beingmissedIregretyouthatweareunabletoofferyouajob.A.i

18、nformingB.havinginformedC.toinformD.toinformingIfelttiredwithwalking,soIstoppedabreakforanhour.A.havingB.tohaveC.takingD.totakingTheteachertoldthestudentstostoptohim.A.towriteandlistenB.writingandlisteningC.towriteandlisteningD.writingandtolisten-Iusuallygotherebytrain.-WhynotbyboatforachangeA.totry

19、goingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing【2008湖南】Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetriedalone,butshedidntlikeitandmovedbackhome.A.livingB.toliveC.tobelivingD.havinglivedYoudidnthearuscomeinlastnight.Thatsgood.Wetriednoisy.A.tobenotB.nottobeC.notbeingD.beingnotThegrasshasgrownsotallthatitneeds.

20、A.tocutB.tobecutitC.cuttingD.beingcutTherearelotsofplacesofinterestinourcity.A.needsrepairingB.needingrepairedC.neededrepairingD.needingtoberepairedTheseyoungtreesrequirecarefully.A.lookingafterB.tolookafterC.tobelookedatD.lookingforThesentencewantsoncemore.A.toexplainB.explainingC.beingexplainedD.t

21、obeexplaineditHehasntgotusedinthecountrysideyet.A.liveB.toliveC.tolivingD.livingAverywell-knownpersoninthishouse.A.isusedtoliveB.usedtoliveC.isusedtolivingD.usedtolivingMissingthetrainA.towaitC.beingwaited124.ImeantA.tocallonmeansforanhour.B.tobewaitedD.waitingmeansforanhour.B.tobewaitedD.waiting_yo

22、u,butIwassobusy.B.callingonD.callingatA.tothinkC.thinkingImbusy_B.andthinkD.beingthoughtB.andthinkD.beingthoughtfortheentranceexamination,soIcantA.preparing,doingB.preparing,todoC.toprepare,doingD.toprepare,todo考點4.except,but后跟不定式時，如果前面有實意動詞do的形式，不用to,否則要帶toThereisnothingtodoexcept_tillitstopsrainin

23、g.A.towaitB.waitingC.waitD.waitsStandingonthetopofthehill,Iwouldnotdoanythingbut_theflowingofthesmogaroundme.A.enjoyB.enjoyingC.enjoyedD.toenjoy考點5.RemaintobedoneItremainswhetherJimwillbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.A.seenB.tobeseenC.seeingD.toseeHavingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitre

24、mainswhethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen考點6.介詞后跟動名詞做賓語【2012北京】Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesandthem.A.correctsB.correctC.tocorrectD.correcting【2012福建】ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfromintheSouthChinaSea.A.attackingB.hav

25、ingattackedC.beingattackedD.havingbeenattacked考點7.含有用作介詞to的?？级陶Zbeaddictedto沉溺于；對上癮Heisaddictedtogambling.他沉溺于賭博。devoteoneselftodoingsth./bedevotedto獻身于做某事/專心致力于做某事把Shedevotedherselftohelpingthepoor.她致力于幫助窮人。Charliedevoteshistimetoreading.查理的時間都用于讀書。Herlifewasdevotedtocaringforthesickandneedy.她一生都致力于

26、關(guān)心照顧貧病交迫的人。beequaltodoingsth等于做某事，能勝任做某事Thisisequaltosayingthatheknowsherwell.這就等于說他很熟悉她。Shedidntfeelequaltoreceivingvisitors.她感到身體不適,不能會客。objecttodoingsth反對做某事,haveanobjectiontodoingsth反對（反感）做某事Heobjectedtobeingtreatedlikeachild.他反對被當(dāng)作小孩子看待。Hehasastrongobjectiontogettingupsoearly.他很反感這么早就起床。beoppos

27、edtodoingsth反對做某事Sheseemsverymuchopposedtoyourgoingabroad.她好像很反對你出國。22.Imopposedtotellinghimthenewsatonce.我反對馬上告訴他這個消息。reducesb.todoingsth使某人淪為做某事Hungerreducedthemtostealing.饑餓使他們淪落為盜賊。Hewasreducedtobeggingforfood.最后他淪為乞丐。payattentiontodoingsth注意做某事Weshouldpaymoreattentiontounitingandworkingwiththec

28、omradeswhodifferwithus.我們應(yīng)該更注意團結(jié)那些與自己意見不同的同志工作。beusedtodoingsth/beaccustomedtodoing習(xí)慣于做某事Johnhasgotusedtosleepinglate.約翰已習(xí)慣很晚睡覺了。Iamnotaccustomedtobeingtreatedlikethis.我不習(xí)慣被這樣對待。getdowntodoingsth開始做某事，認真處理某事Itstimewegotdowntosomeseriouswork.我們該認真干點正事了Afterlunchwegotdowntodiscussingtheissueofpay.午餐之后

29、,我們開始認真討論報酬的問題。lookforwardtodoingsth盼望做某事Wearelookingforwardtoreceivinghisletter.我們盼望收到他的回信。Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.盼早日收到你的來信。come/benear/closetodoingsth幾乎做某事,差點就做某事Iwasneartoscreaming.我險些喊叫起來。Icameneartoforgettingmyraincoat.我差點把雨衣給忘了。第3講考點1.動詞不定式作表語同動名詞作表語的區(qū)別表示將來某一次時常用動詞不定式作表語，表示經(jīng)常性時常用動名詞作表語。H

30、erwishisanengineer.A.becomingB.becomeC.tobecomeD.beingcomeSomepeoplesgreatestpleasureis.A.fishingB.tofishC.tobefishingD.beingfish考點2.動詞不定式作表語時，to的省略問題動詞不定式作表語時，如果前面有實義動詞do的形式，作表語的不定式常省略toWhatYangLiweiwantedtodowhenhegotoutofthespaceshipwas_thejoywithalltheChinese.A.shareB.sharedC.havingsharedD.about

31、toshareIthinkthebestthingyoushoulddoisanotherjob.A.lookingforB.lookedforWehadanoutstandingseasonandcamesoclosetowinningthetitleagain.inadditiontodoingsth除做某事之外Inadditiontogivingmesomeadvice,hegavemesomemoney.他不僅給我提了些忠告,而且還給了我一些錢。keytodoingsth做某事的關(guān)鍵Yettransportationisthekeytogettingthisfoodtothechild

32、renandtheirfamilies.交通是把這事物送給那些孩子和他們家人的關(guān)鍵。makecontributionsto對作貢獻Everyoneshouldmakeacontributiontoprotectingtheenvironment.每一個人都應(yīng)當(dāng)對保護環(huán)境做出貢獻。whenitcomesto談到時Thereisnoshortageofideaswhenitcomestoimprovingtheeducationofchildren.當(dāng)談及改善孩子教育時，是不缺乏主意的。寫作專練2.掌握后面跟不定式做賓語和后面跟動名詞做賓語的常用動詞及to做介詞(P33)C.lookforD.ab

33、outtolookfor考點3.動名詞作表語同進行時的區(qū)別動名詞作表語時是說明主語的職責(zé)和功能等，和主語是對等關(guān)系，沒有正在進行之意，而現(xiàn)在分詞有正在進行之意如：Myjobislookingafterthechildren.（looking為動名詞）Heislookingafterthebaby.（looking為現(xiàn)在分詞）考點4.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語時相當(dāng)于-ed形容詞和-ing形容詞-ing形容詞，令人。的；-ed形容詞，令人感到。的，有被動意味。（參看P錯誤!未定義書簽。錯誤!未找到引用源。）Tomsoundsverymuchinthejob,butImnotsurewhetherh

34、ecanmanageitA.interestedB.interestingC.interestinglyD.interestedlyClimbingmountainswas,soweallfeltA.tiring;tiredB.tired;tiringC.tiring;tiringD.tired;tiredWemusttreasureeveryminutebecausetimeisforever.A.lost,losingC.losing,losingPleaseremain_B.lost,lostD.losing,lostB.lost,lostD.losing,lostuntilthepla

35、nehascometoA.tosealB.tobeseatedC.seatingD.seated考點5betoblame應(yīng)為某事負責(zé)（參看P8考點4.）Thecarelessdriverwastoblamefortheaccident.那個粗心的司機應(yīng)為這場事故負責(zé)。寫作專練3非謂語做表語時應(yīng)注意(P34)第4講作定語現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞，動詞不定式和動名詞都可作定語。一般不用非謂語的完成式作定語。考點1現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞，動詞不定式作定語時，看與所修飾詞之間的關(guān)系如果構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系（有時還表正在進行）用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，（已完成）用過去分詞；表將來特定某一次，用動詞不定式?！局鲃雨P(guān)系和

36、被動關(guān)系：參看P錯誤!未定義書簽。錯誤!未找到引用源。Thelittleboystillneedsthe20dollarstodowithsomethings_.A.remaining,remainedtobesettledB.remaining,remainingtobesettled.C.remained,remainedtosettleD.remained,remainingtosettleThepictureonthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghungThebelltheendoftheperi

37、odrang,ourheateddiscussion.A.indicating,interruptingB.indicated,interruptingC.indicating,interruptedD.indicated,interruptedTigersmeat-eatinganimalsmeat.A.belongedto,fedonB.belongingto,feedonC.belongingto,feedingonD.belongedto,feedingon-Haventyouseenthesign“NOPHOTO-ImsorryIdidnt.A.readsB.toreadC.read

38、D.reading【2009湖南】Attheageof29,Davewasaworker,inasmallapartmentnearBostonandwhattodoabouthisfuture.A.living;wonderingB.lived;wonderingC.lived;wonderedD.living;wondered【2010浙江】Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourandlessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.A.beingweighedB.toweighC.weighedD.

39、weighing【2011全國I】Thenextthinghesawwassmokefrombehindthehouse.A.roseB.risingC.toriseD.risen【2011江西】Onreceivingaphonecallfromhiswifeshehadafall,Mr.Gordonimmediatelyrushedhomefromoffice.A.saysB.saidC.sayingD.tosay【2011江蘇】Recentlyasurveypricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebate

40、amongcitizens.A.comparedB.comparingC.comparesD.beingcompared【2011山東】Lookoverthere一theresaverylong,windingpathuptothehouse.A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.tolead【2012湖南Thelecture,at7:00pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.A.startingB.beingstartedC.tostartD.tobestarted36.【2012上?！縂enius

41、isacomplicatedconcept,_manydifferentfactors.37.A.involvedB.involving38.C.toinvolveD.beinginvolved39.“Thingsnevercomeagain!Icouldnthelptalkingtomyself.A.lostB.losingC.toloseD.havelostThewalletseveraldaysagowasfoundinthedustbinoutsidethebuilding.2.73.A.stolen;hidingB.stealing;hiddenC.tobestolen;hiding

42、D.stolen;hidden【2009全國I】Nowthatwevediscussedourproblem,arepeoplehappywiththedecisions?A.takingB.takeC.takenD.totake【2012山東】Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelope.A.providingB.providedC.havingprovidedD.provide【2010北京】ImcallingtoenquireaboutthepositioninyesterdaysChinaDaily.A

43、.advertisedB.tobeadvertisedC.advertisingD.havingadvertised【2010湖南】Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoneyinthelibrary.A.discoveredB.tobediscoveredC.discoveringD.havingdiscovered【2010四川】Agreatnumberofstudentssaidtheywereforcedtopracticethepiano.A.toquestionB.tobequestionedC.questionedD.questioning【2011全國II】The

44、island,tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.A.joiningB.tojoinC.joinedD.havingjoined【2011湖南】Theplayersfromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.A.selectingB.toselectC.selectedD.havingselected【2012浙江】Itssuchaniceplace,Mothersaidasshesatatthetableforcustomers.A.tobereservedB.havingres

45、ervedC.reservingD.reservedWhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson.A.tosendB.forsendingitC.tosendittoD.forsendingitto【2009安徽】Theplaynextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.A.producedB.beingproducedCA.producedB.beingproduced【2012重慶】Werehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecisionatthemee

46、tingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.A.tobemadeB.beingmadeC.madeD.havingbeenmade考點2.theway后面常用不定式做定語(鏈接thewaytohelphim=thewayofhelpinghim;ononeswayhome,ononeswaytoschool)Thatsthebestwayyouthoughtofintothedangerousarea.A.stoppingpeoplegettingB.tokeeppeoplegettingC.preventingpeoplefromgettingD.tosto

47、ppeoplegetting考點3.名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾時，常用不定式作定語也包括被thenext,thelast,theonly,thevery等限定詞時詞。HeistheoldestactorevertowinanOscar.他是獲得奧斯卡年齡最大的演員。ItisnamedaftertheonlymantoeverplayforboththeLionsandAustralia.(該獎杯)由唯_個先后代表過獅子隊和澳大利亞隊比賽的運動員命名。Shewaslabeledasoneofthemostbeautifulwomentoeverhitmodeling.她被認為是有史以來模特

48、界最漂亮的女人之一。Helovesparties.Heisalwaysthefirstandthelast.A.coming;leavingB.tocome;toleaveC.comes;leavesD.come;leave【2008全國1】-Thelastonepaysthemeal.-Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving考點4.不定式做定語何時用主動式何時用被動式句中有動作的執(zhí)行者時，用主動式。不定式和所修飾詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系且句中有動作的執(zhí)行者時，用主動式。此時，動詞不定式要有及物性，且不用被動語態(tài)Imnotsurewhichre

49、staurant.A.toeatonB.eatingatC.toeatatD.foreatingWillyoupleasetellmewhyyouhadnopeninclassA.tohavewrittenB.tobewrittenwithC.tohavebeenwrittenD.towritewithIamverybusy.IhaveaverydifficultproblemA.toworkB.toworkoutC.tobeworkedoutD.toworkitout【2010山東】Ihavealotofreadingsbeforetheendofthisterm.A.completingB

50、.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompleted句中沒有動作執(zhí)行者時，動詞不定式用被動式Itisoneoftheimportantproblemstomorrow.A.tosolveB.tobesolvedC.solvedD.solvingHarrycantattendtheparty_atTomshouseatpresentbecauseheispreparingthespeechattheparty_atMarieshousetomorrow.A.held;beingheldB.tobeheld;tobeheldC.tobeheld;heldD.beinghel

51、d;tobeheld【2010陜西】Hisfirstbooknextmonthisbasedonatruestory.A.publishedB.tobepublishedC.topublishD.beingpublished【2012重慶】Werehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecisionatthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.A.tobemadeB.beingmadeC.madeD.havingbeenmade有時用被動表示讓別人做110.Imgoingtothesupermarket.Haveyougo

52、tanythingA.boughtB.tobeboughtC.tobuyD.beingbought113.Illgobacktoourhometowntomorrow.HaveyougotanythingtoyourparentsNo,thankyou.Illbebackinafewdays.A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaken“Doyouhaveanyclothestoday”themaidasked.A.towashB.tobewashedC.washD.bewashed(be)Toblame應(yīng)為某事負責(zé)，不用被動Mr.Greenstoodupindefens

53、eofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheone.A.blamedB.blamingC.toblameD.tobeblamedThemotherdidntknowwho_forthebrokenglass.A.blamedB.wouldblameC.toblameD.beblamedThepolicyispartly_forcausingtheworstunemploymentinEurope.A.tobeblamedB.toblameC.beingblamedD.blaming考點5.不定式做定語和所修飾詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系不定式作定語，一般都是作后置定

54、語，修飾前面的名詞或代詞。主謂關(guān)系：被修飾的名詞或代詞實際上是不定式的邏輯主語。如：Weneedsomeonetohelpwiththeproject.(someonewillhelpwiththeproject)我們需要有人來幫忙干這個工程。動賓關(guān)系：被修飾的名詞或代詞是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語。如：Ihavemanyassignmentstodo.(todoassignments)我有許多作業(yè)要做。同位關(guān)系：不定式與所修飾的名詞指的是一回事WehavemadeaplantolearnfromLeiFeng.我們制定了一個向雷鋒學(xué)習(xí)的計劃。狀語關(guān)系：被修飾的名詞實際上表示動詞不定式動作的方式、時

55、間等。這些名詞多是抽象名詞。如：Thatsthewaytodoit.(todoitintheway)那樣做才對。Ihavenotimetogothere.(togothereinthetime)我沒有時間去那兒。【2012北京】Birdssingingissometimesisawarningtootherbirdsaway.A.tostayB.stayingC.stayedD.stay【2011湖南】Theabilityanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.A.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.tobeexpressed考點6

56、.現(xiàn)在分詞同動名詞作定語的區(qū)別動名詞表功能：awalkingstick拐杖drinkingwater飲用水a(chǎn)sleepingbag睡袋alivingroom起居室現(xiàn)在分詞表正在進行：awalkingman正在走路的人asleepingbaby正在睡覺的嬰兒alivingplant活著的植物考點7.done與beingdone做定語時的區(qū)別過去分詞做(done)做定語表被動和已完成；現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式(beingdone)做定語表被動和正在進行。Thehousebuiltlastyearwaspulleddownlastweek.去年建的那座房子上周拆除了。Thehousebeingbuiltno

57、wwillbecompletednextmonth.正在建的這座房子將在下個月完工?！?012上海】Theclub,25yearsago,isholdingapartyforpastandpresentmembers.A.foundedB.foundingC.beingfoundedD.tobefounded【2009北京】Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit_onhisownfarm.A.grownB.beinggrownC.tobegrownD.togrowHarrycantattendtheparty_atTomshouseatprese

58、ntbecauseheispreparingthespeechattheparty_atMarieshousetomorrow.A.held,beingheldB.tobeheld,tobeheldC.tobeheld,heldD.beingheld,tobeheldhisheadhigh,themanagerwalkedintotheroomtoattendthemeetingthen.A.Holding;beingheldB.Held;holdingC.Havingheld;heldD.Held;tobeheld寫作專練4用好非謂語做定語(P34)第5講反射不定式(Englishishar

59、dtolearn.)Englishishardtolearn.英語難學(xué)。前面是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，后面是不定式，不定式tolearn的邏輯賓語是句子的主語(反射到句子的主語上)，此時，不定式用主動，要具有及物性且不帶賓語注：“too.to太而不能”也可以看作反射不定式。Thewateristoohottodrink.(Thewateristoohot.主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，drink的賓語是句子的主語。)Ifindtheseproblemsareeasy.A.tobeworkedoutB.toworkthemoutC.toworkoutD.tobeworkedthemout【2008全國I】Ilikegetti

60、ngupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_.A.tobebreathedB.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathedthoughrelativelysmall，ispleasant.A.todealwithB.dealingwithC.tobedealtwithD.dealtwith【2011安徽】Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasierintosmallpieces.A.breakB.breakingC.brokenD.tobreak【2011福建