2021版高考英語一輪復習語法動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)課件新人教版

1、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)語法精講跟蹤訓練語法精講 細篩選巧拓展一、動詞的時態(tài)考點一一般現(xiàn)在時1.表示經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作和現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征。句中常有often,usually, every day 等時間狀語。 He always goes to school by bus. 他經(jīng)常坐公交車去上學。 His father is a worker and doesnt smoke. 他父親是一名工人,不吸煙。2.表示客觀事實、普遍真理或自然現(xiàn)象,無論在什么情況下都用一般現(xiàn)在時表示。 We learnt that the earth moves around the sun. 我們了解了地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。3

2、.在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。 My parents have promised to come to see me before I leave for Africa. 我父母答應在我動身去非洲前來看我。4.表示按計劃、時刻表規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動作,但限于少數(shù)動詞。如begin,come,leave, go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,close 等。 The flight takes off at 2:30 every Wednesday and Friday.每周三和周五航 班兩點三十分起飛?？键c二一般過去時1.表示過去的事情、動作或

3、狀態(tài),常與表示過去的時間狀語連用(或上下文語境 有暗示)。 At that time,he worked as a teacher to support the family.那段時 間他靠教書養(yǎng)家。2.用于表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的或習慣性的動作。 Michaels father always helped the poor as he believed it made everyone happier.邁克爾的父親總是幫助窮人,因為他覺得這樣讓大家都更 開心。3.有些動作發(fā)生的時間沒有具體表明,但實際上是“剛才,剛剛”發(fā)生,應使用 一般過去時。 I didnt know you were here

4、. 我不知道你在這里。 Sorry,I forgot to bring your book. 很抱歉,我忘記帶你的書來了。4.在時間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中用一般過去時代替過去將來時。 He said that he would not go if it rained. 他說如果下雨他就不走了?？键c三一般將來時1.willshall(1)表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 He will travel around Europe this summer. 今年夏天他將環(huán)游歐洲。(2)表示臨時性的決定。 Tom is ill and now in hospital. 湯姆生病住院了。 Really

5、? Ill see him. 真的?我要去看看他。2.be going to(1)表示按計劃、打算做某事。計劃可能用時較長,計劃得比較正式、周密。 He is going to make a speech on TV this evening. 他今晚將在電視上發(fā)表演講。(2)表示根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的跡象,對未來進行推測。 Look at the dark clouds.Its going to rain. 看這烏云,要下雨了。3.be about to 表示瞬間的將來(不與具體的時間狀語連用)。 The train is about to start.火車就要發(fā)車了。特別提示 與并列連詞when連用,

6、表示“正打算,這時”。I was about to go out when the telephone rang.我正要出門,這時電話響了。4.be to do表示事先商定、安排確定要做的事情,尤其強調(diào)責任、義務等。As a citizen,you are to report it to the police.作為一個公民,你有責任向警方匯報此事。考點四現(xiàn)在進行時1.表示說話時正在進行的動作或存在的狀態(tài);表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作或存 在的狀態(tài)。 Hurry up! Were all waiting for you. 快點!我們都等著你呢。 He is working in a factory

7、these days. 這些日子他在一家工廠工作。2.表示近期特定的安排或計劃。 I am meeting Mr.Wang tonight. 我今晚要會見王先生。3.嚴格按照時間表發(fā)生的表“起、止”動作的動詞或表位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞可用進 行時代替將來時。這樣的動詞有go,come,start,leave,open,arrive,begin, return等。 Tom is arriving in a few hours. 再過幾個小時湯姆就到了?？键c五過去進行時1.表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作或某動作在過去某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生。 Did you catch what I said? 你聽見我

8、說的話了嗎? Sorry.I was answering a text message just now. 對不起,我剛才在回短信。 I was having a meeting this time yesterday. 昨天這個時候我正在開會呢。2.過去的某一動作發(fā)生時另一動作正在進行,其中的持續(xù)性動作用過去進行時,短暫 性動作用一般過去時。 I was having dinner when you phoned. 你打電話時我正在吃飯。考點六將來進行時表示將來某個時刻或階段正在發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。將來進行時常與一些標志性的時間狀語連用,這些常見的標志性狀語有at this time t

9、omorrow, from 1:30 to 4:30 the day after tomorrow等。Ill be flying to Beijing at two oclock this afternoon.今天下午兩點鐘我將正飛往北京?？键c七現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時常與以下時間狀語連用:so far,recently,lately,oncetwicethree. times,before,ever,by now,in the lastpast few years,over a long time,up to now,yet,already,just,since?，F(xiàn)在完成時主要用于以下幾種情況:

10、1.表示過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。 I have known the answer now. 我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道答案了。2.表示從過去某一時間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也可能持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。 He has worked here for over 20 years. 他已經(jīng)在這兒工作20多年了。 They have been good friends since they met at a meeting. 他們自從在一次會議上相遇就成了好朋友。3.下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時。(1)It is (has been)+一段時間+since 從句This (ThatIt) is th

11、e first (second.) time+that從句(從句用現(xiàn)在完成時)This (ThatIt) is the bestfinestmost interesting.+that從句(從句用現(xiàn)在完成時)ItsIt has been 5 years since we last met.自從我們上次相遇到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)5年了。This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.這是我們一家人第一次一起在電影院里看電影。This is the best film that Ive eve

12、r seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。(2)在條件、時間、讓步狀語從句中,表示將來某時已完成的動作。 Please return the book to me when you have finished it. 你看完這本書后請還給我?？键c八過去完成時1.過去某一時間或動作前已完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去某一時間的動作或 狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去另一時間,還可能持續(xù)下去。 The train had left when I got to the station. 我到車站時火車已經(jīng)開走了。特別提示 過去完成時表示的是過去的兩個動作的對比,所以發(fā)生在過去的動作,不論發(fā)生了多久,如果沒有與過去對比的關系,

13、就不宜用過去完成時。2.用在hardlyscarcelyrarely.when.和no sooner.than.句型中, 主句常用過去完成時,表示“一 就;剛就”。 I had hardly (no sooner) got home when (than) the rain poured down.=Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down. 我剛到家雨就傾盆而下。3.有些動詞有時用過去完成時表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望或打算。這類動詞常見 的有:hope,plan,mean,expect,intend,su

14、ppose,want,think 等。 I had expected to pass the test. 我原認為可以通過這次考試?？键c九現(xiàn)在完成進行時1.表示從過去某時開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且還要繼續(xù)下去的動作。該時態(tài)特別 強調(diào)主觀情緒。 The girl has a great interest in sports and has been taking badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. 這個女孩對運動很感興趣,最近三年來每周上兩次羽毛球課。2.表示到目前為止的一段時間里一直反復進行的動作。 I have be

15、en calling him many times,but theres no answer.我給他打 了很多次電話,但目前一直沒有收到答復?？键c十將來完成時1.將來完成時表示到將來某一時間,某一動作將會完成。 By this time of next year,all of you will have become college students. 到明年的這個時候,你們大家就都成了大學生了。2.多與by+將來的某個時間、this week等時間狀語連用。二、動詞的語態(tài)考點一被動語態(tài)的構成(以do為例)現(xiàn)在時過去時將來時過去將來時一般isamare donewaswere donewill

16、shall be donewouldshouldbe done進行isamare being donewaswere being done完成havehas been donehad been donewillshall have been donewouldshould have been done考點二被動語態(tài)的用法1.不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者,或沒有必要指明誰是動作的執(zhí)行者。 The window is dirty. 窗戶臟了。 I know.It hasnt been cleaned for weeks. 我知道。好幾周沒擦了。2.需要強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者或事件本身。 All the

17、employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home. 除了經(jīng)理以外,所有的雇員都被鼓勵在家網(wǎng)上辦公。特別提示 “get+過去分詞”也可以表示被動,此結構比較口語化。She got married last week.她上周結婚了。The patient got treated once a week.那位病人一周得到一次治療。He fell off the car and got killed.他從汽車上掉下來,摔死了。3.主動形式表被動意義(1)系動詞look,feel,sound,smell,taste等。

18、That food smells nice. 那食物味道很好聞。 This shirt feels much softer than that one. 這件襯衫摸起來比那件襯衫柔軟得多。(2)表示開始、結束、運動的動詞,如begin,finish,close,open,start,stop, shut,move 等,用主動表示被動。 The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day. 那家商店每天下午6點關門。 The football season finishes in May. 足球賽季在5月份結束。(3)表示主語的特征或性能的動詞,如read,write,dry,

19、cut,draw,sell,wash, clean,wear等,用主動形式表示被動意義。注意這類動詞一般不單獨使用, 通常帶有一個修飾語。 The books sell well.這些書暢銷。 This coat dries easily. 這件外套容易干。(4)下列句子結構以主動形式表示被動概念 當邏輯主語、動詞不定式、邏輯賓語都組合在一起時。 I have no books to read.我無書可讀。 I found the lecture hard to understand. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個講座很難懂。 在系表結構中,動詞不定式作定語、表語或補語時。 The question is di

20、fficult to answer. 這個問題很難回答。真題鏈接1.When every pupil in the school wears the uniform,nobody (have) to worry about fashion(時尚).(2019年6月浙江)2.One study in America found that students grades (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.(2019年6月浙江)答案及剖析:1.has/will have考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。空格前面的從句用了一般現(xiàn)在時,主句

21、謂語動詞應該用一般現(xiàn)在時或者一般將來時。而句子主語nobody是第三人稱單數(shù),所以當句子為一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。2.improved考查過去時態(tài)。根據(jù)空前的謂語動詞found可知,此處that引導的是賓語從句,而從句中缺少謂語動詞,同時根據(jù)found和introduced可知,時態(tài)是一般過去時態(tài),故填improved。3.You probably (use) caffeine since childhood.(2018年11月浙江)4.I still remember visiting (visit) a friend whod lived here for five yea

22、rs and I (shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.(2018年6月浙江)答案及剖析:3.have usedhave been using考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)下文since childhood知,此處需要現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時,表示“從過去開始的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能一直持續(xù)”,故填have usedhave been using。4.was shocked考查謂語動詞。此處根據(jù)語意可知,我感到很震驚,故用被動語態(tài),同時根據(jù)后面的learnt知,時態(tài)為過去時態(tài),所以填was shocked。5.Picki

23、ng up her “l(fā)ifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene . (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.(2019年全國)答案及剖析:5.declared考查時態(tài)。分析句子結構可知,句子主干中缺少謂語動詞;結合后面的had可知,此處應使用一般過去時。跟蹤訓練 重實效沖高考.單句語法填空1.The problem is that once something (put) on the Internet, it can be difficult to remove

24、.(2019浙江臺州高三上學期期末)答案及剖析:1.is put/has been put考查一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。句意:問題是,一旦某樣東西被放到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上,就很難刪除。句子主語something為單數(shù)第三人稱形式,和謂語動詞put之間是被動關系,結合句意可知句子用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài),故答案為is put/has been put。2.“It gets to the point where theyre on the phone constantly and most of them (play) games all the time,” Pettit said.(2

25、019浙江杭州高三上學期模擬)3.As is known to all,a positive parent-child relationship is beneficial to the physical and mental growth of children,but keeping a healthy parent- child bond (need) the efforts of both parties.(2019浙江稽陽聯(lián)誼學校高三下學期4月聯(lián)考)答案及剖析:2.are playing考查謂語動詞的用法。該空前有連詞and,因此該空填動詞的謂語形式,同時該句在引號里面,全句都用現(xiàn)在

26、范疇的時態(tài),而all the time又表明該句意思是他們大部分人一直都在玩游戲。表示現(xiàn)在的持續(xù)性動作。故填are playing。3.needs考查一般現(xiàn)在時。保持健康的親子關系需要雙方的努力。這是一種常態(tài),用一般現(xiàn)在時。4.Mr.Perkins always (wear) the same clothes as other men and ate the same food as other people.5.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶) that (leave) on the fo

27、otpath.(2019浙江麗水高三模擬)6.Three years ago,he (seek) assistance at a recovery center,the very large tent city in downtown LA.(2019浙江七彩陽光聯(lián)盟高三上學期第二次聯(lián)考)答案及剖析:4.wore根據(jù)句意和句子結構可知,此處所填單詞作謂語動詞,同時根據(jù)后面的ate可知,此處應該用一般過去時。5.had been left考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。由句意可知,此處意為“被遺留”,故應采用被動語態(tài)。由前文“had found”可知,“be left”這個動作肯定發(fā)生在“said”這個動

28、作之前,甚至是“had found”之前,故應采用過去完成時。6.sought考查時態(tài)。句意:三年前,他在洛杉磯市中心的一個很大的帳篷城康復中心尋求幫助。根據(jù)Three years ago可知,句子用一般過去時態(tài),故答案為sought。7.Meanwhile,as the construction goes on,more roads (build).8.Her only chance of recovery appeared to be a blood transfusion (輸血) from her 5-year-old brother,who had miraculously surv

29、ived the same disease and (develop) the antibodies (抗體) needed to fight against the illness.(2019浙江臺州 5月高三模擬)答案及剖析:7.will be built所填單詞作謂語動詞,同時和主語之間是被動關系。再根據(jù)句意,是將來時,故用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。8.had developed考查時態(tài)。and連接兩個并列的謂語動詞had survived和had developed。這兩個動作都發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞所表示的動作之前,“過去的過去”,所以用過去完成時。9.The film first appe

30、ared in China in August 2016.It will (translate) into 10 languages and released in 100 countries and regions in the near future.(2019浙江麗水、衢州、湖州三地市高三上學期教學質(zhì)量檢測)10.Another example is Albert Einstein, the father of modern physics.He (tell) that he would ever be a success at anything. 答案及剖析:9.be translat

31、ed考查一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。句意:在不久的將來,它將被翻譯成10種語言,并在100個國家和地區(qū)發(fā)行。此處It和translate之間是一種被動關系,結合句意應該用一般將來時的被動語態(tài),助動詞will已經(jīng)給出,故答案為be translated。10.was toldhad been told考查過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。He與tell之間是被動關系,由would判斷事情發(fā)生在過去,所以用一般過去時或過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。11.When I first met Bryan I didnt like him,but I (change) my mind.12.Hurry up! Mark and Ca

32、rol (expect) us.13.This way,if someone (run)a search on you,the results will show them the content you most want them to see.(2019浙江臺州高三上學期期末)答案及剖析:11.have changed考查謂語動詞的用法。分析句子結構可知,此處應該填謂語動詞。句意:我第一次見Bryan時我不喜歡他,但現(xiàn)在我已改變了看法。強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,用現(xiàn)在完成時。12.are expecting考查謂語動詞的用法。分析句子結構可知,此處應該填謂語動詞。句意:快點!Mark和Carol

33、正等著我們。根據(jù)句意應用現(xiàn)在進行時。13.runs考查時態(tài)。句意:這樣,如果有人對你進行搜索,結果會顯示你最想讓他看到的內(nèi)容。此處是if引導的條件狀語從句,主句是一般將來時,則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時,且從句主語是someone,單數(shù)第三人稱,故答案為runs。14.The villagers are very friendly.All the visitors to the village (treat) with kindness.15.Then he (hide) behind a tree and waited.16.The result also showed that the volunt

34、eers sleeping time (be) 20 minutes less around the nights of the full moon on average.(2019年2月浙江溫州高考模擬)答案及剖析:14.are treated考查謂語動詞的用法。分析句子結構可知,此處應該填謂語動詞。根據(jù)上一句的時態(tài)可知用一般現(xiàn)在時,由于主語All the visitors和動詞treat之間為被動關系,所以用被動語態(tài)。15.hid考查謂語動詞的用法。句意:于是,他躲在樹后等待著。分析句子結構可知,此處應該填謂語動詞。根據(jù)and后面的waited可知,與之并列的動作也發(fā)生在過去,須用一般過去

35、時。16.was考查謂語動詞。that引導的賓語從句中缺少謂語動詞,根據(jù)showed可知填was。17.The night (be) very dark.Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.18.You are not allowed to go into the meeting room.A secret plan (discuss) there.答案及剖析:17.will be考查謂語動詞的用法。句意:夜晚將會漆黑,一些鄰居漆黑中過來就會被這塊石頭絆倒。分析句子結構

36、可知,此處應該填謂語動詞。根據(jù)后面句子中的will come along可知,指將會發(fā)生的情況。18.is being discussed考查謂語動詞的用法。分析句子結構可知,此處應該填謂語動詞,根據(jù)上一句的句意可知,正在會議室討論一個秘密計劃,因此用現(xiàn)在進行時,由于主語plan和動詞discuss之間為被動關系,所以用被動語態(tài)。19.I dont know if he will come.If he (come),Ill let you know.20.But the first piece of meat he took with the fork (fall) to the floor.

37、(2019浙江臺州黃巖中學高三上學期第一次模擬)答案及剖析:es考查謂語動詞的用法。分析句子結構可知,此處應該填謂語動詞。主句用一般將來時,條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。20.fell考查時態(tài)。句意:但是他用叉子拿的第一塊肉掉到了地板上。根據(jù)定語從句謂語動詞took為一般過去時可知,主句謂語動詞用一般過去時,故答案為fell。.語篇語法填空(2019高考英語浙江專用精準提分練) This summer,eight pupils travelled to China to participate in the Chinese Bridge Summer Immersion(深入) Course

38、 at Tianjin Foreign Studies University.From the 10th27th July,my classmates and I had a fantastic experience during which we spent 17 days 1. (become) truly immersed in the Chinese culture.One important aspect of our journey was daily 2. (visit) to Tianjin Foreign Studies University.Each day we took

39、 part in a Mandarin(普通話) course 3. we learned useful vocabulary to help us throughout our trips.We also had the opportunity to have 4. taste of different Chinese cultural activities like Beijing Opera mask painting,paper cutting and many more exciting activities.These allowed us to have a much 5. (deep) understanding of the culture of China and the traditions of the country.6. the end of our time in the city of Tianjin before moving on to Beijing,we all took p