名詞性從句 講義-英語高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法部分

1、名詞性從句一、定義：在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses)o名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)王名 詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據(jù)它在句中 不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。.What he said is true.The dog sensed that there was something delicious nearby.These are what he said.The news that the plane had crashed made us sad.二、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞

2、連詞：在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，只起連接作用that,無實(shí)義whether / if 是否as if/as though似乎，好像(只用于表從)連接代詞：有詞義，充當(dāng)成分，在句中擔(dān)任主語，賓語，表語或定語what,什么who,誰whom,誰，作賓語whose,誰的，作定語which,哪一個whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 無論什么/無論誰/無論哪一個(no matter不可以引導(dǎo)名從)連接副詞：有詞義，在句中擔(dān)任狀語when,什么時候where,什么地方why,為什么how,怎么樣whenever, wherever, however無論何時/無論哪里/無

3、論怎樣how many/how much, how often, how long, how old.多少/多久一次/多久/多大三、主語從句.作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。Wheiher he will come or noi is not known.他來不來還不清楚。What he wanls to tell us is not clear.他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown.誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。It is known to us how he became a writer.我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。W

4、here ihc English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英語晚會在哪里舉行,沒有宣布。Tha( he is late for school makes the teacher very angry.他上學(xué)遲到讓老師很生氣。.有時為防止句子頭乖腳輕，常用it作形式主語,而把真正的主語從句置于句末.主語從 句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：It + be + 名詞 + that 從句很可惜Eg. It is a pity that we wont be able to go to the south to spen

5、d our summer vacation.很可惜It is still a mystery what caused the accident.It + be +形容詞+ that從句Eg. Il is certain that he will win the match是確定/無疑的It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.h is very likely ihal they will hold a meeting.彳H有可能=be likely to doIt is strange that he

6、 should do that.It is important that we all should altend (he meeting.It + be +動詞的過去分詞+ that從句Eg. It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said【o have gone to shanghai) 據(jù)說. Il is known lo all ihai (he gun powder was first invenled by the Chinese眾所周知It is suggested that the work should be done

7、 with great care.It +不及物動詞+ that從句Eg. h seemshai he has seen the tllm.(=He seems io have seen the film) 似乎，好像. h happened (he two cheats were (here. (=The two cheats happened lo be there) 碰 巧.Il occurred to me that I had forgotten to lock my door.某人突然想到.k suddcnl、hit me that I had forgotten to lock

8、my door.某人突然想到.h siruck me lha【I had forgotten to lock my door. strike 某人突然想到.h (urned oul lha( nobody remembered the address. 結(jié)果是.主語從句的時態(tài)：不受主句時態(tài)的影響和限制。That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.Whether wc will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.Who will be

9、 our monitor hasnl been decided yet.What caused the accident remains unknown.Whatever you did is right. what與that引導(dǎo)主語從句的區(qū)別：pwhat有詞義,在句中擔(dān)任主語，/語，定語或賓語Lthat無詞義,不作任何成分，只起連接作用Eg. What has made him mad is not known yet.That she is still alive is a consolation. that 不可省略四、賓語從句1.定義：作句子賓語的從句叫賓語從句。. that引導(dǎo)賓語從

10、句時，在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去。但是, 如果從句是并列句時，第二個分句前的that不可省。He has told me (that) he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。Wc all think (that) she is hard-working and that she will surely go to a very good university. 我們都認(rèn)為她學(xué)習(xí)非常努力，一定能進(jìn)一個菲帝界的大學(xué)。.在 demand, order, suggest, insist, desire, request,

11、command 等友示建議、命令、要求、愿望 等意義的動詞后，賓語從句要使用“(should) +動詞原形I insist that she (should) do her work alone.我堅持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.司令員命令部隊馬上出發(fā)。.可用形式賓語il代替的賓語從句動詞find、think, feel, consider, make, believe等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時候，那么需要用it 做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置。I think ii necessary th

12、at wc take plenty of hot water every day.我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必 要的.I feel it a piy ihal I havent been to the get-together.我沒去聚會，感覺非常遺憾.have made it a rule thal I keep diaries.我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣.”使.成為習(xí)慣”We all find it important that we （should） make a quick decision about this mater,我們都認(rèn) 為對這件事馬上做出決定很重要。有些動詞帶賓從時需要在賓語與從

13、句前加i【,這類動詞主要有：hate, take , see to, owe, have 等。Eg. I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時說話.He look it for granted that his girlfriend would come back again.他想當(dāng)然的認(rèn)為女朋友 會再回來?！鞍?當(dāng)作理所當(dāng)然”We will see to . thal every child in the nation get good education.我們要確保這個國家 的每個孩子都受到良好的教

14、育。假設(shè)賓語從句是wh.類，那么不可用it代替Wc all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我們都認(rèn)為你所說的是不可信的.We discovered wha【we had leaned to be valuable.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有用 的.賓語從句要使用陳述語序。I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告訴了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well.她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs he

15、lp a warm support.凡需要幫助的人，她都會給予熱情的支 持。. whether或if引導(dǎo)賓語從句時,作“是否”的意思，通常可以互換。但在以下情況中一般 只能用whether,不能用if：a.引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時;b.引導(dǎo)表語從句時;c.引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語時;d.從句后有句r not”時;c.后接動詞不定式時。Eg. Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的 問題。Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切要

16、看我們是否有足夠的錢。I wonder whether he will come or not.我想知道他來還是不來。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?你能否告訴我是去還是留？.注意賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應(yīng),當(dāng)主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時,從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況,而使用 不同時態(tài)。I know （that） he will study English next year.（從句用一般將來時）當(dāng)主句動詞是過去時態(tài)（could, would除外）,從句那么要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài),如一般過去 時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去完成時，過去將來時等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然

17、 現(xiàn)象,那么從句仍川現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。The teacher told us that Tom had left for America. think, believe, suppose, imagine等動詞后接否認(rèn)性賓語從句時,要把上述主句中的動詞變 為否認(rèn)式.即將從句中的否認(rèn)右式移到主句（“否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移”）中。We dont think you are here.我們認(rèn)為你不在這。I dont believe he will do so.我相信他不會這樣做。.感嘆句在賓語從句中的運(yùn)用Eg. She realized what a fool she was. She realized how fool

18、ish she was.五、表語從句.定義：在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用as if引導(dǎo)。The fact is thal we have lost the game.事實(shí)是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場比賽。Thafsjust what I want.這正是我想要的。This is where our problem lies.這就是我們的問題所在。That is why he didnt come to the meeting.那就是他為什么不到會的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。.當(dāng)主語是reason時，袤語從

19、句的連接詞要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。The reason why he was late was【hat he missed the train by one minute this morning. 的原因是.”. what, who. which, whom, whose除了起連接作用外，還可以在從句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語，表 語，定語，并且各有各的詞義。when .where, why, how在句中充當(dāng)時間，地點(diǎn)，原因，方式 狀語。Eg. He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.他已經(jīng)成為了他 10 年前想成為的。The

20、problem is who will travel with me to Beijingomorrow.問題是誰與我明天前往北京。The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.問題是，他什么時候可以到達(dá)酒店。She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.她,直在我昨天站的地方站了 個 小時. as if /as though, because等引導(dǎo)的表語從句r- because引導(dǎo)表語從句通常只用于that/this/it is (was) because”結(jié)構(gòu)中。L as if /

21、as though引導(dǎo)表語從句常置于系動詞look、seem, sound, be，become等后面,用虛擬 語氣。Eg. I was late for school this morning. Thats because I stayed up late last night.我今天上學(xué)遲到 了，那是因?yàn)槲易蛲戆疽拱咎砹?。The elephant feels as if / though it were a wall.表示“建議、命令、要求”名詞后接表語從句，要用虛擬語氣，“(should) +動詞原形”。His suggestion is that wc (should) climb

22、all the way to the top of the hill.六、同位語從句.定義：同位語從句說明前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo),常用于同位 語從句的名詞有：faci、irulh、news、informaiion、message、word (消息)、advice、suggeslion、 demand、request、order、doubt、question、problem、hope、wish、idea, thought、promise fear、point, possibility 等。象名詞The news that wc won the game is exciting.我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么時候回來。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到可能瑪麗生病了。We cant deny th