2012年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語試題（北京卷）

1、PAGE 14 -2012年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語（北京卷）本試卷共16頁，共150分，考試時長120分鐘。考生務必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：聽力理解（共三節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，共7.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有一道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話或獨白后，你將有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話或獨白你將聽一遍。例：What is the man going to read?A. A newspaperB. A magazineC.

2、 A book答案是A。Who answered the phone？MikeB. HenryC. TomWhats the womans favourite food?Italian.B. Chinese.C. IndianWhen does the first flight arrive in De5:18am.B.6:10amC.8:50amWhat is the woman looking for?ZooB. TelephoneC. Tennis courtWhat will the weather be like at the weekend?Cloudy.B. Snowy.C. S

3、unny第二節(jié)（共10小題，每小題1.5分，共15分）聽下面4段對話或獨白，每段對話或獨白后有幾道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有5秒鐘的時間閱讀每小題。聽完后，每小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白你將聽兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。Where are the two speakers?In the hotelB In a shopC. In a restaurantHow much did the man pay in the end?$115.B. $130C. $140聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。What did the ma

4、n do last weekend?Watched TV.B. Stayed at home.C. Visited a friendWhat will the woman probably do this weekend?Play tennis.B. Do some shoppingC. Go to a dance聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。Where are the new houses?On the main road.B. Close to a bus station. C. Near the sports center.What does the woman like most

5、about the new houses?The garden.B. The space.C. The quietnessHow does the man feel about the womans suggestion?Delighted.B. Disappointed.C. Uninterested.聽第9段材料，回答第13至15題。What cant the students do without a teacher?Hold parties.Complete the Safety Sheet.Use any emergency equipment.Why are the student

6、s asked to tie back their loose hour in the lab?It may catch fireIt may cover their eyes.It may pass chemicals to their faces.What is the speech mainly about?Laboratory regulations.Safety instructions.After-class activities.第三節(jié)（共5小題：每小題1.5分，共7.5分）聽下面的一段對話，完成第16至20五道小題，每小題近填寫一個詞，聽對話前，你將有20秒鐘的時間閱讀試題，聽

7、完后你將有60秒鐘的作答時間，這段對話你將聽兩遍。Telephone Cancellation Request FormAccount NameEdward 16 Telephone No. 17 Home Phone PlanNonrefundable(不退款) 18 pre-paid planReason for Cancellation 19 houseCancellation Date Required 20 9, by 5:00 pm第二部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，45分）單項填空（共15小題：每小題1分，共15分）從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在

8、答題卡上將該項涂黑。例：Its so nice to hear from her again _, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. Whats more B. Thats to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not答案是D。21.Look at those clouds!Dont worry. _ it rains, well still have a great time.A. Even if B.As though C. In case D. If only22. By the time y

9、ou have finished this book, your meal _ cold.A. gets B. has got C. will get D.is getting23. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. corrects B. correct C.to correct D. correcting24. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently.A. why B. how

10、 C. that D. whether25. George said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he _.A. wouldnt B. didnt C. hasnt D. hadnt 26. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 27. _ with care, one tin will last f

11、or six weeks.A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use28. Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _.A. some B. less C. much D. more29. Have you heard about that fire in the market? Yes, fortunately no one _.A. hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. had been hurt30. Our friendship

12、 _ quickly over the weeks that followed.A. had developed B. was developingC. would develop D. developed31. _ at the door before you enter my room, please.A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock33. We _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?A. should face B. might face C. could have

13、faced D. must have faced34. Do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders?A. at B. on C. to D. across35. Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.A. is B. were C. has been D. had been第二節(jié) 完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Inspiration“Mama, when I g

14、row up, Im going to be one of those!” I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Company perform when I was three. It was the first time that my _36_ took on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training. As I grew older and was _37_ to more, my interests in the world of dance

15、 _38_ varied but that little girls dream of someday becoming a _39_ in the company never left me. In the summer of 2005 when I was 18, I received the phone call which made that dream a _40_; I became a member of the company _41_ back to 1925.As I look back on that day now, it surely _42_ any sense o

16、f reality. I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief _43_ I was halfway through rehearsals (排練) on my first day. I never actually _44_ to get the job. After being offered the position, I was completely _45_. I remember shaking with excitement.Though I was absolutely thrilled with the chang

17、e, it did not come without its fair share of _46_. Through the strict rehearsal period of dancing six days a week, I found it vital to _47_ up the material fast with every last bit of concentration. It is that extreme _48_ to detail (細節(jié)) and stress on practice that set us _49_. To then follow those

18、high-energy rehearsals _50_ a busy show schedule of up to five performances a day, I discovered a new _51_ of the words “hard work.” What I thought were my physical _52_ were pushed much further than I thought _53_. I learned to make each performance better than the last.Today, when I look at the un

19、believable company that I have the great _54_ of being a part of, not only as a member, but as a dance captain, I see a _55_ that has inspired not only generations of little girls but a splendid company that continues to develop and grow-and inspires people every day to follow their dreams.36. A. ho

20、bby B. plan C. dream D. word37.A connected B. expanded C. exposed D. extended38. A. rarely B. certainly C. probably D. consistently39.A. director B. trainer C. leader D. dancer40. A. symbol B. memory C. truth D. reality41. A. bouncing B. dating C. turning D. tracking42. A. lacksB. addsC. makesD. bri

21、ngs43. A. while B. since C. until D. when44.A. Cared B. Expected C. Asked D. Decided45.A. motivated B. relaxed C. convinced D. astonished46.A. challenges B. profits C. advantages D. adventures47.A. put B. mix C. build D. pick 48.A. Attention B. association C. attraction D. adaptation49.A. apart B. a

22、side C. off D. back50.A. over B. by C. with D. beyond51.A. function B. meaning C. expression D. usage52.A. boundaries B. problems C. barriers D. efforts53.A. necessary B. perfect C. properD. possible54.A. talent B. honor C. potential D. responsibility55.A. victory B. trend C. tradition D. desire第三部分

23、：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AThe Basics of MathMade ClearBasic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an und

24、erstanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代數(shù)) and beyond.The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents(指數(shù)), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students dis

25、cover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically.Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sur

26、e understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance to “make sense” of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazingand completely understandablefield o

27、f study.By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new a

28、nd exciting mathematical challenges.Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as “the best math teacher in America,” is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more

29、 abstract problems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary.With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any othe

30、r course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.56. What does the course Basic Math mainly cover? A. Algebra. B. College Mathematics. C. Arithmetic. D. Mathematics Education.57. What benefits can students expect from Basic Math? A. Stronger imaginative ability. B. Additional presentation skil

31、ls. C. More mathematical confidence. D. Greater chances of becoming teachers.58. What can we learn about Professor H. Siegel? A. He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Television. B. He is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math. C. He works in Georgia D. He specializes in training teachers.59.

32、 Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from? A. A news report. B. A book review C. A lesson plan. D. An advertisementBPeanuts to ThisProudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. Confused, I gl

33、anced toward my stone-faced teacher. Having no choice, I slowly raised the report I had slaved over, hoping to hide myself. “What could be causing everyone to act this way?”Quickly, I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task. This was the first real talk I received in my new school. It

34、 seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington. Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that name before. As I searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing th

35、e same name who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts, while the other led some sort of army across America. I stared at the screen, wondering which one my teacher meant. I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice; flip (擲) a coin. Headsthe commander, and t

36、ailsthe peanuts guy. Ah! Tails, my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter, George Washington Carver.Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a cla

37、ssmate began his report, it all became clear, “My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quite! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?Obviously, my grade was awful. Heartbroken but fearless, I decided to turn this around.

38、 I talked to Miss Lancelot, but she insisted: No re-dos; no new grade. I felt that the punishment was not justified, and I believed I deserved a second chance. Consequently, I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year. Ten months later, that chance unfolded as I found myself

39、 sitting in the headmasters office with my grandfather, now having an entirely different conversation. I smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my option to skip the sixth grade. Justice is sweet!60. What did the authors class

40、mates think about his report?A. Controversial. B. Ridiculous.C. Boring. D. Puzzling.61. Why was the author confused about the task?A. He was unfamiliar with American history.B. He followed the advice and flipped a coin.C. He forgot his teachers instruction.D. He was new at the school.62. The underli

41、ned word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means _.A. annoyed B. ashamedC. ready D. eager63. In the end, the author turned things around _.A. by redoing his taskB. through his own effortsC. with the help of his grandfatherD. under the guidance of his headmasterCDecision-making under StressA new review b

42、ased on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (負面的) consequences of a decision.The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable w

43、ays.“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participan

44、ts were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material l

45、ess accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further

46、suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on

47、rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men ma

48、y tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden

49、 into addiction.64. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to _.A. keep rewards better in their memoryB. recall consequences more effortlesslyC. make risky decisions more frequentlyD. learn a subject more effectively65. According to the research, stress affects people most pro

50、bably in their _.A. ways of making choicesB. preference for pleasureC. tolerance of punishmentsD. responses to suggestions66.The research has proved that in a stressful situation, _.A. women find it easier to fall into certain habitsB. men have a greater tendency to slow downC. women focus more on o

51、utcomesD. men are more likely to take risksDWilderness“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether t

52、o place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved. As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images un

53、touched is strong, and the danger exploitation(開發(fā)) brings to such landscapes(景觀) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans needthe rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr.Sauven, these ”ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation

54、.Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever

55、more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped w

56、ithout reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.I look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other part

57、icipants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings

58、, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.67. John Sauven holds that_. A. many people value nature too much B. exploitation of wildernesses is harmful C. wildernesses provide humans with nec

59、essities D. the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong68. What is the main idea of Para. 3? A. The exploitation is necessary for the poor people. B. Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials. C. Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation. D. All

60、the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.69. What is the authors attitude towards this debate? A. Objective. B. Disapproving. C. Sceptical. D. Optimistic.70. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?A. B. C. D. CP: Central PointP: PointSp: Sub-point(