XXXX-10-06 溫家寶在第六屆中歐工商峰會(huì)上的主旨演講

1、溫家寶在第六屆中歐工商峰會(huì)上的主旨演講2010年10月6日，中國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院總理溫家寶在布魯塞爾出席第六屆中歐工商峰會(huì)并發(fā)表演講。演講全文如下：在第六屆中歐工商峰會(huì)上的主旨演講中國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院總理 溫家寶2010年10月6日，布魯塞爾Keynoote Speeechh att thhe SSixtth CChinna-EEuroopeaan UUnioon BBusiinesss SSummmitbby HH.E. Ween JJiabbao, Prremiier of thee Sttatee Coounccil of thee Peeoplless Reepubblicc off ChhinaaBru

2、usseels, 6 Octtobeer 220100兩年前，金金融危機(jī)機(jī)剛剛爆爆發(fā)時(shí)，我我在中歐歐工商峰峰會(huì)上演演講強(qiáng)調(diào)調(diào)的是信信心，今今天我要要強(qiáng)調(diào)的的是冷靜靜、智慧慧和勇氣氣。Confiidennce wass thhe kkeywwordd off myy sppeecch aat tthe Chiina-EU Bussineess Summmitt twwo yyearrs aago wheen tthe finnancciall crrisiis jjustt brrokee ouut. Todday, thhe kkeywwordds aare callmneess, wiisd

3、oom aand couuragge.面對(duì)中歐這這么多工工商界領(lǐng)領(lǐng)袖，我我想重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)講講歐歐盟工商商界關(guān)心心的幾個(gè)個(gè)問(wèn)題，借借此機(jī)會(huì)會(huì)澄清事事實(shí)，消消除誤會(huì)會(huì)，使我我們合作作得更好好。With so manny CChinnesee annd EEuroopeaan bbusiinesss lleadderss siittiing in froont of me, I wouuld likke tto ffocuus oon sseveerall isssuees tthe EU bussineess commmunnityy iss coonceerneed wwithh annd uuse

4、thiis ooppoortuunitty tto mmakee a feww cllariificcatiionss soo ass too ellimiinatte mmisuundeersttanddinggs aand booost ourr cooopeerattionn.一個(gè)基本的的事實(shí)是是，中歐歐之間貿(mào)貿(mào)易和投投資發(fā)展展很快。據(jù)據(jù)歐盟統(tǒng)統(tǒng)計(jì)，在在金融危危機(jī)的影影響下，220099年歐盟盟的出口口整體下下降，但但對(duì)中國(guó)國(guó)出口增增長(zhǎng)4%。今年年上半年年歐盟對(duì)對(duì)中國(guó)出出口更是是增長(zhǎng)了了42%。It iss a bassic facct tthatt thhe bbilaaterral

5、traade andd innvesstmeent bettweeen CChinna aand thee EUU haave beeen ggrowwingg raapiddly. EUU sttatiistiics shoow iits oveeralll eexpoortss deecliinedd inn 20009 duee too thhe iimpaact of thee fiinannciaal ccrissis. Hoowevver, itts eexpoortss too Chhinaa inncreeaseed bby 44 peerceent. Inn thhe ffi

6、rsst hhalff off thhis yeaar, EU expportts tto CChinna ssurgged by as mucch aas 442 pperccentt.昨天晚上，我我對(duì)德國(guó)國(guó)進(jìn)行了了短暫訪訪問(wèn)，我我對(duì)默克克爾總理理講，中中德貿(mào)易易大約是是每個(gè)月月1000億美元元，今年年可能超超過(guò)12200億億美元。整整個(gè)中歐歐貿(mào)易220099年約440000億美元元，今年年可能超超過(guò)50000億億美元。這這就是基基本現(xiàn)狀狀和事實(shí)實(shí)。Last nigght, I paiid aa brrieff viisitt too Geermaany. I tolld CChanncel

7、llorr (AAngeela) Meerkeel tthatt thhe mmontthlyy biilatteraal ttradde bbetwweenn Chhinaa annd GGermmanyy avveraagedd abboutt 100 biilliion U.SS. ddolllarss, aand thaat tthe 20110 ttotaal wwoulld pprobbablly ssurppasss 1220 bbilllionn doollaars. Thhe ttradde bbetwweenn Chhinaa annd tthe EU wass woort

8、hh soome 4000 biilliion dolllarrs iin 220099, aand it wouuld likkelyy exxceeed 5500 billlioon ddolllarss thhis yeaar. Theese aree thhe bbasiic sstattus quoo annd ffactts.關(guān)于人民幣幣匯率，我我昨天同同歐元區(qū)區(qū)“三駕駕馬車”會(huì)會(huì)談時(shí)講講，歐洲洲的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)導(dǎo)人和工工商界不不要參與與壓迫人人民幣升升值。看看一下基基本事實(shí)實(shí)，從119944年人民民幣匯率率形成機(jī)機(jī)制改革革到現(xiàn)在在，人民民幣實(shí)際際有效匯匯率已升升值555%，而而一些主主要貨

9、幣幣都是貶貶值的。On thhe eexchhangge rratee off thhe CChinnesee yuuan, I saiid yyestterdday wheen mmeettingg wiith thee Euuro Grooup trooikaa thhat Eurropeean pollitiicall annd bbusiinesss lleadderss shhoulld nnot joiin tthe chhoruus to preessuure Chiina to appprecciatte tthe yuaan. Agaain, leetss taake a l

10、lookk att soome bassic faccts. Thhe yyuann haas aapprreciiateed bby aan aaccuumullateed 555 pperccentt inn teermss off thhe rreall efffecctivve eexchhangge rratee siincee Chhinaa innitiiateed tthe refformm off thhe yyuann exxchaangee raate mecchannismm inn 19994. Soome majjor currrennciees hhavee al

11、ll ddeprreciiateed dduriing thiis pperiiod.2005年年7月人人民幣匯匯率形成成機(jī)制進(jìn)進(jìn)一步深深化改革革，到目目前，人人民幣兌兌美元升升值222%，這這期間中中國(guó)對(duì)美美國(guó)貿(mào)易易順差仍仍大幅增增加。中中國(guó)貨物物貿(mào)易是是順差，服服務(wù)貿(mào)易易是逆差差；加工工貿(mào)易是是順差，一一般貿(mào)易易是逆差差；對(duì)美美國(guó)、歐歐盟是順順差，對(duì)對(duì)韓國(guó)、日日本和東東盟是逆逆差。難難道這還還不能說(shuō)說(shuō)明這是是貿(mào)易結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題題而不是是匯率問(wèn)問(wèn)題嗎？最近歐歐元匯率率波動(dòng)很很大，但但不是人人民幣帶帶來(lái)的，而而是美元元造成的的，怎么么能把這這個(gè)帳算算到中國(guó)國(guó)頭上？貿(mào)易不不平衡是是全球化化條件下下的

12、結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)性問(wèn)題題，不要要把它政政治化。我我們的目目標(biāo)是追追求平衡衡、可持持續(xù)的貿(mào)貿(mào)易，絕絕不追求求順差。Chinaa fuurthher deeepenned thee reeforrm oof tthe yuaan eexchhangge rratee meechaanissm iin JJulyy 20005. Thhe yyuann haas aapprreciiateed bby 222 pperccentt aggainnst thee U.S. dolllarr siincee thhen. Duurinng tthiss peeriood oof ttimee, hhoweever

13、r, CChinnass trradee suurpllus agaainsst tthe Uniitedd Sttatees hhas stiill inccreaasedd byy a larrge marrginn. WWe hhavee reegissterred surrpluus iin ttradde iin ggoodds, butt deeficcitss inn seerviicess trradee. WWe hhavee haad ssurppluss inn maanuffactturiing traade, buut ddefiicitts iin ggeneera

14、ll trradee. WWe hhavee haad ssurppluss inn trradee wiith thee U.S. andd thhe EEU, butt deeficcitss inn trradee wiith Souuth Korrea, Jaapann annd tthe Asssociiatiion of Souutheeastt Assiann Naatioons (ASSEANN). Doeesnt aall thiis sshoww thhat it is an isssue of traade strructturee innsteead of a mmer

15、ee exxchaangee raate? Thhe eeuroo exxchaangee raate expperiiencced larrge fluuctuuatiionss reecenntlyy, bbut it wass caauseed bby tthe U.SS. ddolllar, innsteead of thee yuuan. Hoow ccan youu pllacee thhe bblamme oon CChinna? Thee immballancce oof ttradde iis ccaussed by strructturaal pprobblemms aag

16、aiinstt thhe bbackkdroop oof gglobbaliizattionn. IIt sshouuld nott bee poolitticiizedd. WWe ppurssue ballancced andd suustaainaablee trradee, aand in no wayy seeek surrpluus.2009年年1月，在在寒冷的的冬天，我我訪問(wèn)了了歐洲，除除了帶去去戰(zhàn)勝金金融危機(jī)機(jī)的信心心之外，還還及時(shí)派派出采購(gòu)購(gòu)團(tuán)，向向歐洲國(guó)國(guó)家采購(gòu)購(gòu)產(chǎn)品。歐歐盟是中中國(guó)的戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)略伙伴伴，當(dāng)歐歐元區(qū)一一些國(guó)家家發(fā)生困困難時(shí)，中中國(guó)沒(méi)有有袖手旁旁觀，穩(wěn)穩(wěn)定持有有并購(gòu)

17、買買歐元債債券，在在最困難難時(shí)候幫幫助了冰冰島、希希臘、西西班牙、葡葡萄牙、意意大利。今今后我們們還會(huì)繼繼續(xù)支持持，幫助助一些國(guó)國(guó)家度過(guò)過(guò)難關(guān)。在在座的企企業(yè)家心心里很清清楚，中中國(guó)夠朋朋友。In thhe ccoldd wiinteer iin JJanuuaryy 20009, I vissiteed EEuroope andd brrougght witth mme nnot onlly tthe connfiddencce nneedded to oveercoome thee fiinannciaal ccrissis, buut aalsoo a proocurremeent de

18、llegaatioon tto pplacce oordeers to thee Euuroppeann coounttriees. Thee EUU iss a strrateegicc paartnner to Chiina, annd CChinna ddid nott loook on uncconccernned wheen ssomee euurozzonee coounttriees wweree inn trroubble. Wee coontiinueed tto hholdd annd bbuy eurro-ddenoominnateed bbondds aand hell

19、pedd Iccelaand, Grreecce, Spaain, Poortuugall annd IItally iin ttheiir mmostt diiffiicullt ttimee. WWe wwilll coontiinuee too reendeer aassiistaancee annd ttidee soome couuntrriess ovver theeir diffficculttiess. CChinna iis aa frriennd iindeeed andd I bellievve tthe enttrepprenneurrs hheree alll kkn

20、oww itt.從另外一個(gè)個(gè)方面講講，也不不要壓人人民幣升升值。中中國(guó)許多多出口企企業(yè)利潤(rùn)潤(rùn)率只有有2%-3%，最最高也只只有5%。如果果按一些些人的要要求，人人民幣匯匯率升值值20%-400%，中中國(guó)出口口企業(yè)將將大量倒倒閉，工工人將失失業(yè)，農(nóng)農(nóng)民工將將返鄉(xiāng)，社社會(huì)很難難穩(wěn)定。中中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)危危機(jī)對(duì)世世界絕不不是好事事。You sshouuld nott prresssuree Chhinaa onn thhe yyuanns appprecciattionn iff yoou cconssideer tthe isssue froom aanottherr peersppecttivee

21、. MManyy Chhineese expportt ennterrpriisess haave proofitt maargiins of onlly 22 too 3 perrcennt, 5 pperccentt att moost. Shhoulld tthe yuaan aapprreciiatee byy 200 too 400 peerceent, ass deemanndedd byy soome peooplee, aa laargee nuumbeer oof CChinnesee exxporrt eenteerprrisees wwilll goo baankrrup

22、tt, tthe worrkerrs wwilll loose theeir jobbs aand thee miigraant worrkerrs wwilll haave to go bacck tto tthe rurral lannd, makkingg itt haard forr soocieety to remmainn sttablle. Thee woorldd wiill by no meaans bennefiit ffromm a criisiss inn thhe CChinnesee ecconoomy.2009年年，中國(guó)國(guó)對(duì)世界界經(jīng)濟(jì)增增長(zhǎng)貢獻(xiàn)獻(xiàn)率占550%。對(duì)對(duì)

23、許多企企業(yè)來(lái)講講，中國(guó)國(guó)是廣闊闊、富有有潛力的的市場(chǎng)。今今天，我我再次坦坦誠(chéng)地告告訴工商商界朋友友，不要要壓人民民幣升值值。人民民幣匯率率機(jī)制要要進(jìn)行改改革，我我們堅(jiān)定定不移。這這項(xiàng)改革革就是要要形成以以市場(chǎng)供供求為基基礎(chǔ)，參參考一籃籃子貨幣幣進(jìn)行調(diào)調(diào)節(jié)、有有管理的的浮動(dòng)匯匯率制度度，逐步步增強(qiáng)人人民幣匯匯率彈性性，保持持人民幣幣匯率在在合理均均衡水平平上的基基本穩(wěn)定定。如果果人民幣幣匯率不不穩(wěn)定，企企業(yè)就會(huì)會(huì)不穩(wěn)定定，就業(yè)業(yè)就會(huì)不不穩(wěn)定，社社會(huì)就會(huì)會(huì)不穩(wěn)定定，如果果中國(guó)經(jīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社社會(huì)出現(xiàn)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，將將會(huì)給世世界帶來(lái)來(lái)災(zāi)難。Chinaa coontrribuutedd abboutt 500 p

24、eerceent of thee gllobaal eeconnomiic ggrowwth in 20009. It is a hhugee maarkeet wwithh grreatt pootenntiaals forr maany entterpprisses. Onnce agaain, I wouuld likke tto ttelll ouur ffrieendss inn thhe iinduustrriall annd bbusiinesss ccommmuniity canndiddly: Doontt prresssuree Chhinaa onn apppreecia

25、atioon oof tthe Chiinesse yyuann. WWe wwilll sttickk faast to thee reeforrm oof tthe yuaan eexchhangge rratee meechaanissm. Thee reeforrm iinvoolvees ddeveeloppingg a mannageed ffloaatinng eexchhangge rratee syysteem bbaseed oon tthe marrkett suupplly aand demmandd annd aadjuusteed tto aa baaskeet o

26、of fforeeignn cuurreenciies, too grraduuallly aalloow mmoree fllexiibillityy inn thhe yyuann exxchaangee raate whiile maiintaainiing itss baasicc sttabiilitty oon aa reeasoonabble andd baalanncedd leevell. IIf tthe yuaan eexchhangge rratee iss unnstaablee, eenteerprrisees wwilll allso be unsstabble.

27、 Soo wiill be empployymennt, andd soocieety in genneraal. Shoouldd Chhinaa haave proobleems in ecoonommy aand soccietty, it willl bbe ddisaastrrouss foor tthe worrld.第二個(gè)問(wèn)題題，中國(guó)國(guó)投資環(huán)環(huán)境好還還是不好好。我要要告訴大大家，中中國(guó)將堅(jiān)堅(jiān)定不移移推進(jìn)改改革開放放，不會(huì)會(huì)有絲毫毫改變。只只有改革革開放，中中國(guó)才能能發(fā)展。改改革開放放形成的的基本政政策不會(huì)會(huì)改變。唯唯一的變變化是現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在對(duì)外外商投資資的管理理更加規(guī)規(guī)范、更更有秩序序

28、。The ssecoond queestiion is wheetheer tthe invvesttmennt eenviironnmennt iin CChinna iis ggoodd orr noot. I wwoulld llikee too teell youu thhat Chiina willl ssteaadfaastlly ppushh foorwaard itss reeforrm aand opeeninng-uup pproccesss annd wwilll inn noo waay ddeviiatee frrom thee paath. Onnly thrrou

29、ggh rrefoorm andd oppeniing to thee ouutsiide worrld willl CChinna ddeveelopp fuurthher. Thhe bbasiic ppoliiciees tthatt haave beeen eestaabliisheed iin tthe refformm annd oopenningg-upp drrivee wiill nott bee chhangged. Thhe oonlyy chhangges thaat hhavee taakenn pllacee arre tthatt fooreiign invves

30、ttmennt iis nnow undder bettterr annd mmoree orrderrly reggulaatioon.企業(yè)家對(duì)投投資環(huán)境境的關(guān)心心，無(wú)非非三個(gè)方方面：一一是知識(shí)識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，二二是自主主創(chuàng)新，三三是政府府采購(gòu)。我我可以負(fù)負(fù)責(zé)任地地告訴大大家，所所有在中中國(guó)依法法注冊(cè)的的企業(yè)都都享受國(guó)國(guó)民待遇遇，在華華外資企企業(yè)制造造的產(chǎn)品品就是中中國(guó)制造造，我們們不僅要要保護(hù)你你們的知知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)權(quán)，而且且要保護(hù)護(hù)你們所所有的合合法權(quán)益益。Entreepreeneuurs coonceern forr thhe iinveestmmentt ennvirronmmentt dooes

31、 nott goo beeyonnd tthreee aaspeectss - inntelllecctuaal pproppertty, innnovaatioon aand govvernnmennt pproccureemennt. I ccan telll yyou in a rrespponssiblle mmannner thaat aall forreiggn bbusiinesssess thhat aree leegallly reggisttereed iin CChinna aare enttitlled to enjjoy nattionnal treeatmmentt

32、, aand thaat aall prooduccts madde bby fforeeignn-innvesstedd ennterrpriisess inn Chhinaa arre mmadee-inn-Chhinaa prroduuctss. WWe wwilll prroteect nott onnly youur iinteelleectuual prooperrty, buut aalsoo alll yyourr leegittimaate rigghtss annd iinteeressts.第三個(gè)問(wèn)題題是原材材料出口口，具體體就是稀稀土出口口。我從從事稀土土研究多多年，在

33、在這個(gè)問(wèn)問(wèn)題上有有發(fā)言權(quán)權(quán)。稀土土有兩種種，一種種是重稀稀土，一一種是輕輕稀土。稀稀土分布布在中國(guó)國(guó)不同地地區(qū)，重重稀土主主要產(chǎn)自自南方，比比如江西西，輕稀稀土主要要產(chǎn)自北北方，比比如內(nèi)蒙蒙古包頭頭。在上上世紀(jì)八八九十年年代，中中國(guó)對(duì)稀稀土缺乏乏管理，也也缺乏提提煉稀土土的技術(shù)術(shù)。在中中國(guó)管理理最混亂亂的時(shí)候候，一些些國(guó)家廉廉價(jià)購(gòu)買買了中國(guó)國(guó)很多稀稀土，現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在還有有不少儲(chǔ)儲(chǔ)備，他他們心知知肚明。中中國(guó)稀土土產(chǎn)量占占世界比比重很大大，遠(yuǎn)大大于儲(chǔ)量量占世界界的比重重，我們們沒(méi)有封封鎖，也也不會(huì)封封鎖。要要保持稀稀土可持持續(xù)發(fā)展展，不僅僅滿足本本國(guó)需要要還要照照顧世界界需要，不不僅立足足當(dāng)前，更更要

34、著眼眼長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)。對(duì)對(duì)稀土加加以管理理和控制制是必要要的，但但決不會(huì)會(huì)封鎖。中中國(guó)不會(huì)會(huì)把稀土土作為討討價(jià)還價(jià)價(jià)的工具具，我們們的目的的是為了了世界的的可持續(xù)續(xù)發(fā)展。The tthirrd qquesstioon rregaardss thhe eexpoort of raww maaterrialls, speecifficaallyy thhe eexpoort of rarre eeartth. As a llongg-tiime ressearrcheer oon rraree eaarthh meetalls, I hhavee a sayy onn thhe iissuue. Theer

35、e aree twwo kkindds oof rraree eaarthh meetalls, thee heeavyy raare earrth eleemennts andd thhe llighht rraree eaarthh ellemeentss. CChinna hhas rarre eeartth ddepoositts iin ddifffereent reggionns, witth tthe heaavy onees llocaatedd maainlly iin tthe souuth, suuch as Jiaangxxi PProvvincce. Thee lii

36、ghtt onnes aree maainlly iin tthe norrth, suuch as Baootouu Ciity in Innner Monngollia. Inn thhe 119800s aand 19990s, thheree waas aa laack of welll-rreguulatted mannageemennt ooverr raare earrth mettalss inn Chhinaa, aand alsso aa laack of exttracctioon ttechhnollogiies in thee coounttry. Soome cou

37、untrriess booughht aa laargee ammounnt oof rraree eaarthh meetalls ffromm Chhinaa att loow ppricces in a pperiiod of timme wwhenn maanaggemeent oveer rraree eaarthh inn Chhinaa waas tthe mosst cchaooticc, aand eveen nnow theey sstilll hhavee a connsidderaablee sttockkpille, whiich theey kknoww veery

38、 welll. Chiina conntriibuttes a llargge ppropporttionn off thhe gglobbal rarre eeartth ooutpput, whhichh faar ooutddoess itts ssharre oof tthe worrlds ttotaal rraree eaarthh deepossitss. WWe hhaveentt immpossed, annd wwilll noot, impposee ann emmbarrgo on thee inndusstryy. WWe aare purrsuiing a ssus

39、ttainnablle ddeveeloppmennt oof tthe rarre eeartth iinduustrry, nott onnly to meeet tthe demmandd off ouur oown couuntrry, butt allso to catter to thee neeedss off thhe wwholle wworlld. We nott onnly neeed tto aaccoommoodatte tthe currrennt ddemaand, buut aalsoo, mmoree siigniificcanttly, neeed to t

40、akke aa loong-terrm ppersspecctivve. It is neccesssaryy too exxerccisee maanaggemeent andd coontrrol oveer tthe rarre eeartth iinduustrry, butt thheree woontt bee anny eembaargoo. CChinna iis nnot usiing rarre eeartth aas aa baargaainiing chiip. We aimm foor tthe worrlds ssusttainnablle ddeveeloppme

41、nnt.中國(guó)希望與與歐盟國(guó)國(guó)家發(fā)展展更廣泛泛、更深深入、更更緊密的的經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)關(guān)系。在在貿(mào)易與與投資方方面，歐歐盟已成成為中國(guó)國(guó)最大伙伙伴，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)過(guò)美國(guó)和和日本。坦坦率的說(shuō)說(shuō)，歐盟盟在放寬寬對(duì)中國(guó)國(guó)高技術(shù)術(shù)出口方方面做的的比較好好。比如如，伽利利略計(jì)劃劃合作、空空客的合合作、核核電合作作，今天天上午比比利時(shí)國(guó)國(guó)王還跟跟我提及及第四代代小型核核技術(shù)合合作。Chinaa wiishees tto fforgge mmoree exxtennsivve, deeeperr annd cclosser ecoonommic andd trradee tiies witth EEU ccounntriies. Thhe EEU iis nnow Chiinas llarggestt paartnn