初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)小結(jié)

1、初中知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納小結(jié)一、how many問(wèn)多少 問(wèn)的是可數(shù)名詞 how much問(wèn)多少 但是問(wèn)的是不可數(shù)名詞how long問(wèn)的可以是時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度多指過(guò)去用for+時(shí)間段how soon問(wèn)的是是將來(lái)的時(shí)間有多少in+時(shí)間段how soon will you be back? in a weekhow often問(wèn)頻率用once a week, three times a day這樣的回頻率副詞和短語(yǔ)有often, sometimes, usually，once/twice/three times a week等。How often do you visit your grandma? 你多久去看奶奶

2、一次？二、besides, except, except for, but表示“除外”之間的區(qū)別 1. besides表示“除了以外，還有”，具有附加性質(zhì)。如： Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.（王先生也去了） 注意：besides用于否定句中時(shí)，與except, but同義，可互換。如： We have no other books besides / except these. 2. except表示“除外”，具有排它性質(zhì)。如： We all went to see the film except Mr Wang.（王先生沒(méi)去）

3、3. except for表示“除了”，即表示除去整體中的一部分。如： The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. 4. but意為“除了”，與except同義，except強(qiáng)調(diào)被排除的部分，but則強(qiáng)調(diào)整句的內(nèi)容，常修飾否定意義的代詞。如：Nobody knew it but me. 三、have been to 曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地，現(xiàn)在已不在那里，已返回。have been in在某個(gè)地方，從過(guò)去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。has gone to表示去了，但還沒(méi)有回來(lái)，說(shuō)話人不再此地四、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)

4、作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用。表示時(shí)間段的短語(yǔ)有:for+ 時(shí)間,for 2 years; since從句,since he came here; since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)名詞,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。例:He has lived here for 6 years. You c

5、an keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year?終止性動(dòng)詞也稱非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。它可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),但由于動(dòng)作是瞬時(shí)間完成的所以不能與for或since引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy,arrive等。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在肯定句中與表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：

6、two years ago; at 5 oclock;例:He died 5 years ago.否定的終止性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例:I havent left here for 3 years. I havent heard from him for 3 week。兩者的轉(zhuǎn)換leave - be away, borrow - keep, buy - have, begin/start - be on, die - be dead, finish - be over, join - be on+組織機(jī)構(gòu), be a member of+組織機(jī)構(gòu), open sth - keep

7、 sth open, fall ill - be ill, get up-be up, come here - be here, go there - be there, become - be, come back - be back, fall asleep - be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach - be (in), leave - be away from, get to know - know, go (get) out be out， put on wear；catch a cold have a cold,get married-be married等

8、。 例:The old man died 4 years ago. -The old man has been dead for 4 years. - It is 4 years since the old man died. -Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. - I have had the book for 5 days.例如：When he arrived the bus stop, the bus for 20 minutes.A .has left B. had