Unit 1 Grammar and Usag 課件-高中英語牛津譯林版(2020)必修第一冊

1、Section BGrammar and UsageVocabulary 1. focus focus for/on sth.（人或事物）的中心點(diǎn)the focus of attention/concern 注意力關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)in focus 焦點(diǎn)對準(zhǔn)的，清晰的out of focus 焦點(diǎn)未對準(zhǔn)的，模糊不清的focus ones attention/eyes/energy/mind on. . . 集中某人的注意力/目光/精力/思想于focus on/upon集中于練習(xí)：The coach is able to focus _ the kids while the other parents

2、are relieved to be off the hook for another season.on2. detail in detail 詳細(xì)地go into detail(s) 詳細(xì)敘述；逐一說明have an eye for detail 善于發(fā)現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)for further details 欲知詳情detailed adj. 詳細(xì)的；細(xì)致的；精細(xì)的練習(xí)：They went through all the _ (detail) of the plan again to make sure that the project would go smoothly.details3. as

3、a result ofas a result 結(jié)果；因此without result 毫無結(jié)果result from 由引起result in 導(dǎo)致；造成練習(xí)：_ a result of their joint effort, the difficult situation changed into a favourable one.As4. basebase. . .on. . . 以為根據(jù)/基礎(chǔ)basic adj. 基本的，基礎(chǔ)的basically adv. 基本上；根本上basis n. 基礎(chǔ)（強(qiáng)調(diào)抽象）on the basis of基于，根據(jù)練習(xí)：The research group

4、produced two reports _ (base) on the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions.based5. remindremind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某物remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事remind sb. that 提醒某人練習(xí)：I think its always nice to have something to remind you _ the house where we lived in a foreign country.of6. stick tost

5、ick in sth 陷入，陷?。粍硬涣藄tick out 伸出；探出；醒目，顯眼練習(xí)：I think there will be an invention that will help prevent drivers from getting stuck _ traffic jams.in Albert Einstein said, If you want to live a happy life, tie it to a goal. (1) I agree. Goals are important in many ways. (2) Setting goals gives you a fo

6、cus in life. By setting goals now, you are deciding what you want to achieve in the future. Then you know where you are going in life and can work hard to get there. Setting goals also helps you develop good habits. To realize your goals, you need to have a good plan, manage your time well and pay a

7、ttention to details. (3) These habits will be helpful. Finally, (4) setting goals makes you more confident. When you achieve a goal, you see the result of your hard work and know how much progress you have made. A goal is a dream that needs action. As a result of your action, your dream will come tr

8、ue and hopefully (5) you will live a happy life.Exploring the rulesSubjectVerb IagreeSubjectVerbPredictiveThese habitswill behelpfulSubjectVerbObject youwill livea happy lifeSubjectVerbIndirect objectDirect objectsetting goalsgivesyoua focusSubjectVerbObjectObject complementsetting goalsmakesyoumore

9、 confident句子成分和句子結(jié)構(gòu)句子是表達(dá)思想的基本單位，一個句子有若干個組成部分，分別承擔(dān)著不同的作用，這些組成部分叫作句子成分。英語中的句子成分有：主語（Subject ） 、謂語（Predicate）、賓語（Object ） 、表語（Predicative ） 、定語（Attributive ） 、狀語（Adverbial ） 、補(bǔ)足語（Complement ）和同位語（Appositive ）。其中，主語和謂語是句子的主干，是句子的核心。什么是句子成分主語是一個句子的主體，一般位于句首。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動名詞、動詞不定式和從句等都可以用作主語。動名詞、動詞不定式和從句等作主語時

10、，為避免頭重腳輕，可用it作形式主語。She has a very bad headache.她頭痛得很厲害。Four is the right answer.“四”是正確答案。主語（S）謂語用來表述主語的動作或狀態(tài)，一般位于主語之后。謂語可由動詞、動詞短語、系表結(jié)構(gòu)以及“助動詞情態(tài)動詞實(shí)義動詞”充當(dāng)，有時態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣的變化，同時又受到主語人稱和數(shù)的制約。（1）簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。Class began.開始上課了。We study hard everyday.我們每天努力學(xué)習(xí)。謂語（V）（2）復(fù)合謂語：由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成；由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。I can s

11、peak a little English.我能說些英語。Ms. Chen is my English teacher.陳女士是我的英語老師。賓語（O）賓語是動作的承受者，一般位于及物動詞的后面。賓語一般由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動名詞、動詞不定式或從句充當(dāng)。They often do homework together.他們經(jīng)常一起做作業(yè)。The teacher praised him in class.老師在班里表揚(yáng)了他。I need two more.我還需要兩個。We enjoy helping each other.我們樂于彼此幫忙。Mary began to talk about the

12、 film.瑪麗開始談?wù)撨@部電影。I hope that I can go there to study.我希望能去那里學(xué)習(xí)。有些及物動詞可以帶兩個賓語，稱為雙賓語，通常一個指人，另一個指物，指人的叫間接賓語（Indirect Object），指物的叫直接賓語（Direct Object）。My parents bought me a computer:父母給我買了一臺電腦。He sent me a birthday gift yesterday.他昨天給我寄了一份生日禮物。表語說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)等，位于系動詞（如be，become，get，look，grow，turn，seem等）之

13、后，與之構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及從句等都可用作表語。My name is Jane. 我的名字是簡。The boy is only five. 男孩只有五歲。The whole class is here. 全班人都在這兒。My ideal job is to be a journalist. 我理想的工作是當(dāng)一名記者。Her first delight was going to the Tower.第一件使她高興的事是去參觀這座塔。This is how the story goes. 這就是事情的經(jīng)過。表語（P）定語修飾名詞或代詞，用來

14、說明人或事物的品質(zhì)和特征。定語可由形容詞、名詞、形容詞性物主代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、動名詞、分詞、從句等充當(dāng)。單個詞作定語通常放在被修飾詞的前面；短語或從句作定語時，放在被修飾詞之后。定語（Att）He is one of the most popular teachers in our school.他是我們學(xué)校最受歡迎的老師之一。Excuse me, is this your bag? 打擾一下，這是你的包嗎？Ive got so much teaching experience. 我獲得了許多教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。There are five people in my family. 我

15、家有五口人。The woman outside the room is my mother. 屋外的婦女是我的媽媽。Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism. 墨子創(chuàng)立了墨家學(xué)說。Health care is free for everyone living in Britain.每個英國居民都享有免費(fèi)保健服務(wù)。It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.它含有一種強(qiáng)效的藥物防治蚊蟲叮咬。狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點(diǎn)、目的、原因、結(jié)果

16、、條件、讓步、方式、程度、伴隨等意義。副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞、從句等均可用作狀語。狀語（A）He always goes to bed late. 他總是睡覺很晚。There is a house between the two trees.兩棵樹之間有一棟房子。Seeing his mother, the boy ran towards her.男孩一看見媽媽就跑過去了。We canceled the football match because of the heavy rain.因?yàn)楸┯晡覀內(nèi)∠俗闱蛸?。It got dark when they got back home.他

17、們到家時，天已經(jīng)黑了。Ill do some shopping tomorrow. 明天我要去購物。補(bǔ)語也叫補(bǔ)足語，主要起補(bǔ)充說明的作用，最常見的是賓語補(bǔ)足語和主語補(bǔ)足語。名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語或從句均可充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語。They called him the prince of gymnasts.他們稱他為體操王子。We found the ruins most interesting.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)廢墟很有趣。We invite you to bring your family and friends on that special day.屆時我們邀請您帶上親朋好友。Ive ne

18、ver heard the word used in spoken English.我從未聽到這個詞用在英語口語中。補(bǔ)足語（Complement）簡單句就是由一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）構(gòu)成的句子。它只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。簡單句有八種基本句式。其他各種句式都是由這八種基本句式演變而來。句子結(jié)構(gòu)1. 主謂：主語+謂語（S+V)這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語一般由不及物動詞充當(dāng)。The car stopped.車停了。Mrs. Black and her children talked and laughed.布萊克夫人和她的孩子們有說有笑。2.主系表：主語+系動詞+表語（S+V+P)常見的系動詞

19、有：be（是），become （變成），seem （看起來），appear （顯得），get （變得），grow （變得），turn （變成），remain （仍然是），come （變得），fall （變得），hold （保持），keep（保持），stand （保持），stay （保持），smell （聞起來），look （看上去），sound （聽起來），taste （嘗起來），feel （摸起來）Mary seems pleased.瑪麗似乎很高興。3.主謂賓：主語謂語賓語（S+V+O)這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語一般由及物動詞充當(dāng)。I like taking risks. 我喜歡冒險。The mus

20、eum has an excellent restaurant.博物館里有一家極好的餐館。4.主謂賓賓：主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語（S+V+IO+DO)常見的能帶雙賓語的動詞有：give，bring，tell，send，leave，pass，read，write，take，wish，show，offer，teach，get，award，lend，rent，buy，pay，hand，recommend等。I will lend you some books to read. 我會借幾本書給你看。You gave me some good advice. 你給了我一些好建議。5.主謂賓賓補(bǔ)：主

21、語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語（S+V+O+OC）賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語合稱為復(fù)合賓語，常見的能帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞有：elect，feel，find，get，have，hear，imagine，keep， make， notice， see，let， smell，start，watch，appoint，believe，call，catch，allow，ask，cause，consider，expect，know，tell，think，want，wish等。They called him James. 他們稱呼他詹姆斯。We will keep the table clean. 我們會保持桌子干凈。6.主謂狀：主語+謂語+狀語（S+V+A）在主謂結(jié)構(gòu)里，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等作狀語。The old man breathed deeply. 老人呼吸急促。They are staying in the Peace Hotel.他們住在和平賓館。7.主謂賓狀：主語謂語賓語狀語（S+V+O+A)We looked at the group of people in pan