上海市靜安區(qū)2018屆高三下學期教學質(zhì)量檢測(二模)英語試題

靜安區(qū)高三年級英語期中測試卷（2018.5）I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA.youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweenhvospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconvcrsalionandthequestionaboutit.readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Bytheseaside. B.Inarestaurant.C.Inasupermarket. D.Athome.A.Drivingtheprivatecarcostslittle.Takingsubwayrequiresaspecialpass.Ifsmoreconvenienttocarrycannedfishbyprivatecars.Itsuncomfortabletotakethesubway.A.Aphonecompanyclerk. B.Amechanic.C.Atravelagent. D.Amarriageconsultant.A.Thewomanshouldgoouttowork.Thewomanshouldlakechargeofthecleaningherself.Maidsarcnotverytrustworthythesedays.I>Hecontributesalottothefamilyeconomy.A.Ueisnotcleverenoughforthemathclub.Hedoesn'thaveenoughenthusiasmloexploremath.Helacksformerexperiencesinmathstudy.Hewillbesoonerorlateradmittedintothemathclub.A.2. B,3, C,5. D,7.A.Thewomanwasmistakenaboutwhereshelostheripad.Thewoman'sipadmightbekeptwellinthelibrary.There'saveryslightchanceoffindingbackherbad.Heripadisforpublicusesoshemightaswellbuyanewone,X.A.Asasciencefictiontan,shehasalreadyseenthefilm.Shewillgotodealwithadentalproblemthen.Shewillgoibrabusinessappointmentthen.Sheisnotveryhappytogotoseeafilmwiththeman.A.Herpersonalfeelingquitecontrastswithihcresearchfinding.Readingbooksisteenagers'favouriteactivity.Alltheresearchesareofferingmisleadinginformation.Mobilephoneshavetakennoneofteenagers"leisuretime.A.Previouscustomershaveboughtuptheovensonsale.Manyothergoodsonsalearestillavailable.Themancanbuytheoventhroughotherchannels.Theovenisnowsoldatregularprice.SectionBDirections;InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversationAftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.QuestionsIIthrough15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.II.A.Totakeadvantageofcheapsugarcane.Toreducecarbondioxideemission.Toaddasellingpointforitscola.Toattractmoreyoungcustomers.12.A.Toexchangeibodrecipe（配方）withthesecompanies.Tosharecustomerinformationwiththc^ccompanies.Togetinvestmentsfromthesecompanies.Torelievethesecompany'sdependenceonpetroleum.I3.A.Coca-Cola'snewwaystocutcosts.Coca-Cola'stransfertorecyclableplantplastics.Coca-Cola\succcssfiilpartnershipswithotherbusinessgiants.Coca-Cola'seflbrtstopaymoreattentiontocustomers'needs.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Itprovidesjetburststostronglycleanthebody.B.Itinstallsnoise-maskingcfleetequipment.CIthasaprivatedoctorstandbythetoilet,D.Itcollectsone'sphysicaldatawhenthetoiletisused.5.A.Thetoiletwillbemoreeconomicalonwater.User'sdoctorcaninstantlygetthedata.Adeviceinsidethebasinwillbeinstalled.Ireatnientsuggestionswillbedeliveredtothedoctor.A.Becauseyoungpeoplearenotkeenoninnovations.Becauseyoungpeoplearcauspiciousofthe:oilet'shinction.Becausetheretailpriceishightortheyoung.Becauseyoungpeopledon'tknowmuchabouttheproduct.17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.A.Becauseit'sanexperiencedcaricnialagencyBecauseitp(o\idcsbigdiscountontherent.Becauseit'sconvenienttocollectthecarafterarrival.Becauseitofferscommutecarsandcarsforlongtrip.A.Unreliabletechnology.Shortbattervlife..Potentialradiationfromelectricity.Lackofchargingpoints.A.€370. B.€400. C.€530. D.€560.A.Carrentalservicefee.Insurancefee.Gastee..Trattictine.GrammarandVzocabulanSectionADirections;Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenwordtillineachblankwiththeproperformofihcgivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Uh-oh.thenewycafsjustbegunandalreadyyou'refindingithardtokeepthoseresolutionstojunkthejunkfood,getoffthecjuchorkicksmoking.There'sabiologicalreasonwhyalotofourbadhabitsarcsohardtobreak-theyget(21)(wire)intovurbrains.“Whyarcbadhabitsstronger?You'refightingagainstthepowerofanimmediatereward/saysDr.Nora\blkow,directoroftheNationalinstituteonDrugAbuseandanauthorityonthebrain、pleasurepathway.“Weallascreaturesarebehavingthatway.togivegreatervaluetoanimmediaterewardasopposedto(22)isdelayed,“Volkowsays.How(hisbitofhappinessturnsintoahabitinvolvesapleasure-sensingchemicalndineddopainiiK；.Ilcausesthebrain(23)(pursue)thatrewardagainandagainbtrungihcningiheconnexioneachlime-c^pcciall)wheni(gels(herighihimfromyourenvironment.Peopletendtoovereslimatetheirabilitytoresisttemptationsaroundthem,thus(24)(destroy)attemptstogiveupbadhabitsFvenscientistswhorecognizeit(25)showweakness.HIknowpopcomsarenothealthy.ButeverytimeIgotothecinema.Ihavetocatit."Volkowsays,"h'siascinuting.HAmovcmaittopaypeopleforbehaviorchangesmayexploitthatconnexion,ashomecompaniesoffeiemployeesouirighipaymenisoriiiburancereductionR)iadoptingbelterhabits(26)wellpayingtorbehaviorplaysout.researcherssaytherearcstillsomestepsthatmayhelpfightyourhrain*shold(27)newly-establishedhabitsRepeat,repeal.repeatthenewbehavior-thesameroutineatthesametimeofday.Youdecidetoexercise.Doingitatthesamennicofthemorningsratherthanfittingitincasually,(28)(make)thesiriatum(終腦皮層)rccognizcthehabit.Therelore,ifyoudon'tkeepdoingit,youwillfeeltrubiraled.Exerciseitselfraisesdopaminelevels,soeventuallyyourbrainwillgetafeel-goodhit(29)yourmusclesprotest.Besides,trytorewardyourselfwith(40)thatyoureallydesireForinstance,ifyouexerciseallweekorsticktoyourdiet,youcouldtryafancyrestaurant-saferperhapsthanaboxofcookiesbecausethepriceinhibitsthequantity.SectionBDirections:billineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Hachwordcanonl)beusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmerethanyouneed.A.necessaryB.infectC.extreme、D.refreshedE.spellsE.impactG.accompaniedH.sufficient1.shrinkJ,silencedK.earnedAstl)eincica5cdamountofcutbondioxideintheadnosphere,healMress.Ivngeidroughis(fY),andmoreintenseraintallslinkedioglobalwarmingconiinueioupsetourdailyweather,weoftenforgettheyalso31thequantity,quality,andgrowinglocationsofourtbod.Manyfoodshavealready32topspotsontheworlds^endangeredfoods*list,indicatingtheirpossibilitytobecomescarcewithin(henext30wars.Tostartwithwhatis33inmanypeopleslives,wearedisappointedtofindthatcotleeplantationsinSouihAmerica.Africa.Asia,andHawaiiareallbeingthreatenedbyrisingairtempcramresanderratic(不穩(wěn)定的)rainfallpatterns,whichinvitediseaseandinvasivespeciesto 34thecoffeeplantandbeans.Theresult?Significantcutsincoficcoutput.AndCoftccrsculinaiycousin,cacao(akachocoLitc).isalsosufferingsticksfiomglobalwaiining'srisingleinperaiures.Bui(oichocckite,itisnft(hewarmerclimatealonetliatstheproblem.Cacaotreesaciuallypreferwannerclimatesaslonga、thatwarmthispairedwithhighhumidityand35 rain.However,iheproblemisthatthehighertemperaturesprojectedfortheworld'*leadingchocolate-producingcountriesarenotexpectedtobe36byanincreaseinrainfall.Thereforeashighertemperaturestakemoremoisturefromsoilandplants,it'sunlikelythatrainfallwillincreaseenoughtomakeupforthisloss.Anotablynutrilioubplanuihepeanutgrowsbestwhenitgelsfivemonthsofcontinuouswarmweatherand20to40inchesofrail：.Anyiliinglessandplantswontsurvive.Thatisn'tgoodnewswhenmostclimatemodelsagreethattheclimateofthefiiturewillbeoneoftheV7 .includingdroughtsandheatwavesTheworldhasalreadycaughtaglimpseofihepeanut^futurelatewhenlastyearaseriousdroughtacrossthepeanutgrowingSoutheasternU.S.ledmanyplantstodie.Accordingtoufinancialreport,thedry38 cuuscdpeanutpricestorisebyasmuchds40percent!Filially,intheworldofsea,asairtemperaturesrise,oceansandwaterwaysabsorbsomeoftheheatandundergowanningoftheirown.Theresultis(he39mfishpopulation.Warmerwatersalsoencourageviciousmarinebacicria.likeVibrio,togrowandcauseillnessinhumans.Andthatsatisfying’crack"yougelwheneatingcrab(蟹)couldbe 40 asshellfishstruggletobuildtheircalciumcarbonate(陡酸舊力shells,aresultofoceanacidification.ReadingConiprcliciisiuiiSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrases8866markedAR.CandDFillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.“Don'igetsickinJuly!”ThisisacommonconcerninteachinghospitalsintheU.S.It\drivenbytheacademiccalcnda亡Julyiswhenthenewinterns,freshoutofmedicalschool,startwork.Inotherwords,itswheneveryoneismost41_?Thetheoryisthatthisdisadvantageleadstomistakes.Suismedicalexpttiencegood01bad?WdLinmostcases,yourdocioi\experienceisveryhclpiuhallowinghertopickupona(n)42symptomearlyinadiseaseprocess,whenmachinesstillcan'ttakeahand.Shecanalsodctcnninctherighttreatmentwhenyourconditionfallsoutsideofwhatisinthe43 .wherenewbiesgetmostoftheirideas.Formanymedicaltreatments,(here'sadirectconnectionbetweenphysicianexperienceandyourtreatingoutcome.Inavarietyofsituations,though,expecencecanbackfire.Thereasonissimple44Doctorbarehumaneluoandthe\45tricksofthemind-likebeliesingthatanincilcctivctreatmentreallyworks.Intact,entire丘eldsofresearcharedevotedtounderstandingwhytheseerrorsofthoughtoccur.They 46 fromso-calledcogniliveprejudicethatcanmisleadeven47_practitionersintomakingthewronjidecisions.Doctorsarcusuallylockedontoadiagnosisearlyanddisregardnewand 48__information.Forexample,apatientnia)bediagnosedwithaquicklyfatalcancer,butthenendsuptryingvariousherbalremediesandlivesfor30moreyears.Insteadofanalyzingthe49 diagnosis,thepatient,andmaybeeventhedoctor,mayassumethattheherbalremediescuredthecancer.Also,someexperienceddoctorstendtobelieveevidencewheniisupportstheirpreviousopinionwhilesubconsciouslyignoringinfonnationopposingit.Letssayyourdoctorisprettycertainyouhaveilldigestionandordersatestlo50 thesuspicion,whichproducesnegativeresult.Buishe(reaisyouIbrilldigcMionanywaybecauseshewas51withthepriordiagnosisbyexperience.Infact,thereareclearlymanybenefitstohavingahighlyexperienceddoctor,suchastechnicalproficiency.ButtheremayactuallybesomeunexpectedbenefitstohavingaIcss-expcricnccdonetoo.Shemayhaveamoreup-to-dateeducation,boundlessenergyandperhapsislessvulnerabletobiases,treedtromthesame52tbryears.

Tosafeguardyourselfasapatient,onethingyoushouldalwaysdois53 ?Itmaynotalwaysbepossibletodoterminethatyourdoctorhasmetwithanunconsciousthinking 54 .Butaskingquestionsdocsforceyourdoctortothinkiwiceand55herdecisionaboutvourcase.41.A.innocentB.productiveC.inexperiencedDprohibited42.A.slightB.objcciiveC.complexD.sustdinabk43.AmediaRtniditionCrealityDtextbook44.ApsychologyB.educationC.procedureDpriority45.A.takeadvantageofB.makesenseofC.fallvictimtoD.playfirewith46.AspringB.departC.benefitD.distinguish47.Ahighly-motivatedBwell-seasonedC.dccply-cflcndcdD.wide-eyed48.AmoderateB.visibleCconthctingDpermanem49.A.initialB.toughC.multipleD.private50.A.evaluateB.upuraieC.confinnD.icvise51.ApreoccupiedB.labelledCassociatedDconcerned52.AprofessionalcircleB.thinkingpatternC.academicbackgroundD.opeiatingorder53.AinvestigatingB.questioningC.monitoringDobserving54.AobstacleB.trapC.horizonDbtiug^lc55.A.practiceB.accommodateC.justify[)removeSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingtlirccpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthem仆erearctourchoicesmarkedA.B?CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）LastOctoberIwasonadivingholidayinthePhilippineswithsevenotheradvanceddivert.Idivedofftheboatsluvslysinkingluabuut20m.Afternearly45minutes,thesoundofmybreathingwasdrownedoutbyalownimblelikeanengineandIfeltdeeppowerfulvihrahens（上動）＜ktfabigboatwithapiopeller passingoverhead.ThediveiiistiiclvrSeyesuerewidewithconcisiontoo.Webothswamnexttoeachothers:ayingclosetothesideofthereef"佚f7）.IhesituationfeltsinisterTlietiwewciuenvelopedbycloudsufwhilesandiliainiushinuuinuduparoundus.Coulditbeagiant【urtlc（海龜）racingpastus?Theyarcnormallyslowmoverssothiswasveryweirdbehavior.IhevibraticwbecameintensethatIcouldfeelitinmybonesandthenthesoundturnedinoadeafeningroar.Suddenly,afewmetersbelowus.breaksbeganformingandthesindwassuckeddown.That'swhenIgotwhatitwas.Thenoisewasthesoundoftheearthsplinteringopenandgrindingagainstitself.TheinstructorandIheldhandsandlookedin:。eachother'seves.1felt■comfortedbyhispresence.Iwasnumb。體本的）forterrorbutclear-headed.V、bodywentonhighalertreadytoreact.ButIhaveropoueroverwhateverthisis.TlironlyoplionistoslayverystillandletitclowhdlcvcritsgoingloiloItlookenormousuillpowertoresisttheurgetoswimtothesurface,whichisnotsensibleassituationon（liesurfaceatthattimewasanbiguouswithpotentialthreatspending.Soonv\csawotherdivers.Thesoundand\ibrationlastedonlyIwoorthreeinmulesandvkhentheystoppedIheardtheswooshofsandtailingoveriheseabedWeallheldhandsbeforeresurfacingtoavoiddecompressionsickness,whichcanbefatal.Whenup,itwasahugerelieftoseeallthediversandweallsharedincredulouslooksbeforepullingout（Hirbreathingtoolsandshouting.Whatwasthat?*Backoniheboat,werushaliocheckthenewsanddiscoveredwehadwitnessedahugeearthquake,measuring7.2ontheRichlcrscale.Itreleasedmoreenergythan30Hiroshimabombs,thoughitseemedthatwewerelotattheepicen【er（震中）.1washighandfeltluckysurprisinglynotbecauseofm、recentsurvivalmiracle,buttohaveexperiencednaturealitsmoststunninganditsmostfrightening.Howdidtheauthorrealizethattheymetwithanearthquake?Byfeelingtheviolentshakeunderthesea.Bywitnessinganormally-slowturtlequicklymovingby.Byseeingtheseafloorcrack.Bycheckingdienewsandbeinlbnnudofihuevent.WhydidrfltheauthorrisetothesnrheebeIorethevibrationstopped?Becausetheinstructorgesturedhimnottorise.liecausehewasnumbinbodv.BecausehecouldsensetheunclearwatersituationBecausehetriedloavoidunexpecteddangerabove.5X.WhichotthefollowingstatementsisTRIFaccordingtothepassage?Atthebeginningoftheevent,abigboatpassedbycausingbigvibration.Allthediversusedthereefastheprotectionagainsttheviolentvibration.Ifeitrelievedastheinstructorwasexperiencedinhandlingsituationslikethis.Powcilcss(ulighlnature,IwasUmcwhenundeidiewaler.59Whydidtheauthorfeelfortunateontheboat”Becausehewasnotattheepicenteroftheearthquake.Becauxjhefinallysurvivedahugeearthquake.Becausehecouldwitnessararenaturalphenomenon.BecausehedidiflMiOeifromdeconiptc、、沁nscknes\?(B)Amazonispresentingtoyouourweeklybestsellersinthefictionsection.TwAightWhispersIinkedtoryearsthroughfriendshipandintermaniagetheWarrenandWhytefamiliesfindtheircharmedworldmarredwhenMarkWhyteaidhiswileDeborahWarrenarcmurdered.Policedeicciivcs,hearingaboutdissensionof(hetainilics.seioutioexaminethemystiquebehindtheirsuperficialrapport.KdliaMorell,daughteroftheWhyie'sliuihekcepti,isdrawnbacklol)eigrowingplaceandisforcedtofaceherlife-longlovefbrJordan\￥hyicAsmanysecretsareuncovered,especiallyaboutKatia'sbiologicalfatherthetwoyoungpeoplefromrivallainihesareencounteringfiercetamilyobjectionintheirsearchforhappiness.TheNcmColossusNellieBly.blessedwithcourageandreportageskill,landstuofrontstoriesonthewidely-readnewspaper,JosephPulitzer'sNEWYORKWORLD.Pulitzerissoimpressedthatheassignshertoamurdercasecontusingthepolice-thedeathofEmmaLazaru.Herinvestigationleadstotenseencounterswithsomefulandruihlcs、menufthetime,whene\ihrunwildonuniegulaiedupperclass.Blyhasonerealally:adock”who^cicniifictechniquestoestablishcriminalbehaviorAsthepiecesfallintoplace,Blyuncoverslayersofconuption（腐?。?Theessentialconnectionbetweenthemurdercaseandtheprevalentgreedanddarknessofthethensocietyfinallyemerges.TheLastDaysofNightAyounglawyernamedPaul（.'ravath,takesacasethatseenisimpossibletowin.Puul'sclient.GeorgeWestinghouse,husbeensuedbyThomasEdi50noverabillion-dollarquestion:Whoinventedthelightbulbandholdstherighttopowerthecountry?ThecaseaflbidsPaulenliytoiheheadywoildufhiglisociety-iheglilieiingpanicsandthedarkdealingsbehindcloseddonrsThetasksbeyonddaunting.Edisonkadangerousopponentwithvastresourcesathisdisposalprivatespies,newspapers.Yetthisunknownlawyershareswithhis而nousopponentacompulsiontowinatallcosts.Inobsessivepursuitofvictory,PaulreceivesfavorsfromNikolaTesla,abiilliaininventorholdingthekeytodefeahnuEdison.BonesDon'tLiePrivateinvestigatorLanceKrugerwasjustaboywhenhisfathervanishedluenty-threeyearsago.Sincethenhe'slivedundertheweightoftliatdisappearincelorover20years-untilhisfather'scarisfinallydraggedoutfromGreyLake.Itshouldbeatimeforclosure,exceptfortheskeletontcnindmthetnmkAmissingpcr>oncasegenecoldhasbecomeamurder.ForLance,iheinvcsdgaiionyieldstroublingquestionsaboutamanhethoughiheknew.Butmemoriescanplaydirtytricks.ForhispartnerattorneyMorgan,uncoveringeachnewliecomeswithadisquietingicailliaisomeonei、out山ciuwatching,killingeverywiincssliedtothisdccadcs-okcrimeInwhichwayisTheLastDaysofNightdiflcrcntfromtheotherthreenovels9InthatTheLastDensofNightexposestheevilandthedarkdealingsoftheupperclasshiethen.IntlwlnobodyiskilledillegallyinTheLa^tDaysInthattheleadingchai」clc「in77ieLastl\ivsofA7g//Zlki>gvlhelpfromolherchauictersInthattheleadingcharacterisbornintoarichupperclassiamily.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?In Whisper^、thebiggestcliallcngcforKatiaandJordanisthelongsepaniionoflinieandspacebcl^cundiem.RInTheNew thecauseofthemurderisrootedinthethencormptedsociety.InTheLu^tDuv^PaulfinallywinsthelaweasebecauseofhisclicinWestinghousesvastresourcesaidi、［XNal.Indonfhe.LanceKrugerklatherwasconfirmedbythepoliceasthemurderedwhenLancewasaboy.Theunderlinedworddissenticnisclosestinmeaningto.fiiidiicial^oiseniiigthelessMpowerB.silenceconflict(C)Ifwhatwedidweresimpl>worklulive,therealityofoiutvtrydayexistencemouldheequivalenttothatofstoneageman.Allofhumanachievementthatmakesmodemlifepossiblehashappenedbecauseofthetimethathasbeentreeduptromtheworkofeverydaysurvival.FormostofthehumanspeciesoncaitlinunandwvnuinhavebeenoccupiedwiththesimplebusinessofstayingaliveinasmuchrelativecomfbnaspossibleHuntingandgathering,findingorbuildingshelter,defendingthelittlethatonehasfromplunder^。),survisinglongenoughtoha\eoftspringsofamatureenoughagetocontributetothewelfareofthegroup-thiswasinitiallytheinainbusinessofliving.Ilhasonlybeencompaniiivebrecently,since(heagriculiuralandindusirialrevolutionsthatusedemergingtechnologiestotreehumanbeingsfromtheduduorvofday-to-daysurvival,thattimehasbecomeavailabletodootherthansimplylisurvive.However,livingtoworkisaluxurythaiweshouldnottakeforgranted,tbrevennowstillmostofthehumanracecouldn'tbeblessedwiththepearlWhenwelivetoworkweenjoywhalwearedoing,otherwisewewculdn'lbedoingit.Ihctermwhvetowork"implieschoice.Workingtolivedcfiotcsihcexactopposite*anythingwilldothatpaysthebillsAnyoneinthehirersimationwillattesttotheundesinihilityofbeinginsuchaposilbnIivingloworksuggestsexhilarationinone'scalling:nsummonsimages01trecdoinandCKCiicmcntintheprospectofwhateachnewdaywillbring,wiiereasworkingtolivesuggestslittlechoiceifany."Whaldoyouwanttodowhenyou歹owup?"isaqueslionwithwhichmostchildrenwillbefamiliar,pcrtiapbevenboicd.Ilisaquestionofwhaie\enayoungadultcanolicnnoibebureofunii!theyhavehadexperienceofmanydiflbitilljob、,oralleastihtuncstlieythuugliltoUy.Butlubt(bleedluv\oikaldtaskthatonedocsnotenjoydayatltcrdayforsurvivalwouldbelastcltoicconanyone'slistEnlightenedhumanity,whileacknowledgingthatsonicundesirablejobsinuslbeJonercgaidlcs^,wvuldatkiiuwlcd^ctlia.ifonewabmotivatedinhibwork,theworkvxouldbesomuchbetteraccomplishedTheunderlinedwordd「udEcryisclosestinmeaninglu.iiDdginatioiiB.haidlaborC.diag^ingD.idiniliaiitv64.Irisimpliedinthe(extthathumanbeings.havebeensatisfiedbycontributingtothewelfareofthegroup.stayedaliveinmuchpossiblecomfort(orculturesmadelittleprogressbeforetheemergenceoftechnologieswereaddictedtohuntinggatheringandbuildingshelters..WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepussugc?Humanachievementsfacilitatingmodemlifearcdoneduringtheleisuretimetreedtromsurvi\alwork.Themajorearlybusinessofhumansistoseekchancesfortechnologiculdevelopments.Inmodemsociety,mostpeoplehaveenoughcomfortstomakeindividualchoicestorwork.Mostadultscananswerconfidentlyquestionsconcerningwhatjobstheywanttodo.Thebesttitletbrthepassagewouldbe.Technology,adrivingtorcetopushhumansaheadWorkingtolive,abasicconditionforpleasantlivingtoworkCDifferentdesiresandprospectspeoplehavefordifferentkindsofwork.I）WorkingtoliveorlivingIowork,achoicedwtinguiNhingjoytrmi<uflennjjSectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notetliattherearetwomoresaliencesihanyouneed.ATheappropriatefeedingdixlcaringslylusweregreatlyrewardedinalldspccls.BItwasclaimeddialsimplyfeedinganddungingthemwouldbeadequate.CSome,however,demonstratelittleinfluencewithroughlyordinar）rbehaviorpattern.DMaternalattachmentplaysafundamentalroleinshapingwhowearc.E.NecessitiesarcnotjusttheavailabilityofIbodandwater.F?Andtheysimplydidn\tgrowlikenomiolinfhnts.Mostpeopledon'tneedsciencetoappreciatetheimpoftaiiccofamotherslove.Buttounderstandhowearlymaltreatmentcanderailachild'sdevelopmentrequirescarefulstudy.Inafamousresearch.HarryHarlowhaddemonstratedthatproperpsychologicalandphysicaldcsclopmcntofinfantsrequiresnurturingandattentionfromaparent.67Inthatresearch,sociallyisolatedmonkeybabiesthatwereremovedfromtheirmotherswerefoundtobeclingingtoaclothcoveredsurrogatc（悴代的）mothertorcomfortSuchexperimentationssoundcruel.They,however.ha\ebeencriticalinhelpingchangepoliciesinhumanotplianagcsi孤兒院）intheU.S.Forcenturiessomeorphanagestreatedinfantsequallyinhumanely.Despiteearlyevidencethatorphanageinfantswerefarmorelikelytodiethanothers,supportersarguedthatitdidntmatterwhetherchildrenhad"parents0speciallydevotedtoIhcmat〔heorphanage. 6X Orphansweresupposedtobeinpositivementalandphysicalhealthuntiladoptiveparentswerefound.Babies,theysaid,couldntrememberanyway.IheharrowingconsequencesofihcsctheoriesweremostvividlybroughttolightinRomaniainthe1980sand'90s.Abanonabortion（3i產(chǎn)）ledtoasurgeinorphanagebabiesSimplybeingfedandchangedwithornindividualizedaftcctirtn.somebabiespresentseriousproblemsManydevelopedviolentbehaviors,repetitivelyrockingorbangingtheirheads.Sknnewerecoldandwithdrawnorindiscriminatelyaffectionate.69Theirheadsizeswereespeciallysmall.TheyevenhadproblemswithattentionandcomprehensionThelongerthesechildrenwereleftalone,themoredamagewasseen.Thelackof2secureattachtncmrelationshipintheearlyyenrihiudestructiveconsequencestorbothphysicalandmentalhealthlaterinlife,withlong-lastingeffec".Thepersistenceoftheseeffectemphasizestheneedloinierveneearlyinlife.TheNobcl-prizc-winningeconomistJamesHeckman,haslongarguedthatinvestinginearlychildhoodeducationprovidesagreaterreturnforsocietythanviituallyanyothertypeofspending.ItisobviouslyreHeetedinincreasededucationalsuccessandproductivity;.Ihcreducedenme,addiction,distressanddisorderpointtotheMmetheory.Earlylifeconditionscriticallyafleetadultliic. 70_RemoveitandtheharmisgreatIV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthetbllowmgpassage.Summarisethemainideaandthemampoinig）ofihepassageinnomore（han60wonkUseyourownwordsasfiirasp?isib1c.Africanelephantsareinirouble.Tlieirnumbershavefallenviolentlytromasmanyastenmillionahundredyearsagoloasfewas400,000today.Lossesarclargelyfrompoaching（論獵）tortheillegalivorytrade,andalscbecauseofthesmallerlivi