任務(wù)型寫作之summary概括寫法名師優(yōu)質(zhì)課賽課一等獎(jiǎng)市公開課獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

HOWTOWRITEASUMMARY第1頁(yè)Definition（定義）Asummaryisashortaccount/paragraphgivingthemainpointsofsomethinglongerordetailed.第2頁(yè)Summary這是以來(lái)廣東高考讀寫任務(wù)新形式和新要求。（1）如有標(biāo)題，標(biāo)題中蘊(yùn)含信息往往是關(guān)鍵。（2）任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開，所以許多文章中最顯著特點(diǎn)是有一個(gè)重復(fù)出現(xiàn)中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它便輕易抓住文章中心。第3頁(yè)Howtosumupapassage?1.Recognizethestyleofthepassagesoastochoosethepatterntobeginyoursummary.2.Readthroughthepassageasquickasyoucanandfindthekeysentencesorkeywords.3.Useyourownwordstosummarizeratherthanusetheoriginalsentencesdirectlycopiedfromthepassage.第4頁(yè)概括寫作步驟：

1.確定主題句。確定閱讀文章主題句，普通在段首。沒有主題句需要自己組合。2.尋找關(guān)鍵詞。分析主題句意義，確定關(guān)鍵詞，關(guān)鍵詞普通表達(dá)為名詞、形容詞，關(guān)鍵詞數(shù)目決定了概括信息濃度。3.重構(gòu)主題句。概括主題句邏輯上要統(tǒng)攝后面全部支撐句。能夠從作者寫作目標(biāo)逆推，反應(yīng)寫作目標(biāo)主題句是高度抽象，它基本決定了概括質(zhì)量。4.重組支撐句。支撐句意義在邏輯上受制于主題句，能夠是補(bǔ)充過程或者提供證據(jù)?？谠E：簡(jiǎn)括為：縮長(zhǎng)見短，省卻細(xì)膩。（括：概括性。見：間接引語(yǔ)。短：短連詞。細(xì)膩：細(xì)節(jié)和例子）第5頁(yè)Stylesofpassagesnarration記敘文1argumentation議論文2exposition說明文3Howtosumupapassage?Step1第6頁(yè)Stylesof

PassagesStyles（體裁）Functions（功效）Narration(記敘文)describeapersonoranevent,withafterthoughtsArgumentation(議論文)showthewriter’spointofviewExposition(說明文)introducesomething,eg.aphenomenon第7頁(yè)Task1:

Pleaseglancethroughthe3givenpassagesandrecognizethestylesofthem.第8頁(yè)概括形式：“主題句+支撐句”文體主題句支撐句議論文文章論點(diǎn)（一句）文章論據(jù)（兩三句）記敘文故事寫作目標(biāo)/主題（一句）故事大意（兩三句）說明文說明對(duì)象/觀點(diǎn)/現(xiàn)象解釋/分述第9頁(yè)SomeSummaryModelsforYou(1)NarrationSummaryModels(記敘文概要模板)(2)ArgumentationSummaryModels(議論文概要模板)(3)ExpositionSummaryModels(說明文概要模板)第10頁(yè)點(diǎn)明寫作目類：Thewritertellsus…（主題）byshowingusanexampleof…,who/which…（故事情節(jié)）.作者經(jīng)歷類：Inthepassage,thewritermainlytellsushisexperienceofdoingsth,which……他人經(jīng)歷類：Thispassageismainlyaboutsb’sexperienceofdoingsth…..(1)記敘文概要模板第11頁(yè)夾敘夾議記敘文(1)誰(shuí)做了什么？ThewritertellsastoryofanoverseasChinesestudent.Thestudenthadbeencaughtwithoutaticketinthesubwaythreetimes.(2)結(jié)果怎樣？Hewasnotevenallowedthechanceforaninterview.（3）說明了什么？Honestyisthebestpolicy.第12頁(yè)完全糊涂地照抄原文，連人稱都不改，得0分；2.機(jī)械死板地照抄原文，只改人稱，得1分；3.稍微靈活地抄原文，改主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、原文詞序，得2分；4.創(chuàng)造性地抄，改主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、原文詞序還有句子結(jié)構(gòu)，最多得3分；5.結(jié)構(gòu)、用詞、詞性改變比很好得4至5分。廣東高考概括部分評(píng)分細(xì)則第13頁(yè)Howtofindthekeysentencesorkeywords?文體關(guān)鍵句記敘文議論文說明文抓住who,whathappened,及thewriter’spurpose通常抓住首段和尾段抓住首段或各段首句Howtosumupapassage?Step2第14頁(yè)TheStepsofWritingaSummary(1)定時(shí)態(tài)：假如閱讀材料是過去時(shí)，那么基本時(shí)態(tài)用過去時(shí)；假如是現(xiàn)在，那么基本時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)；(2)定人稱：普通情況下采取第三人稱來(lái)寫作，特殊如書信，可能會(huì)使用第一、二人稱；(3)定技巧：結(jié)合相關(guān)技巧，重新組句。第15頁(yè)寫摘要時(shí)我們需要謹(jǐn)記下面六種技巧：

skill1:省略細(xì)節(jié)

Skill2:防止重復(fù)

Skill3:省略例子

Skill4:用概括性語(yǔ)言而不是準(zhǔn)確語(yǔ)言

Skill5:使用短而精連詞，如but,and,besides..

Skill6:用間接引語(yǔ)表示對(duì)話內(nèi)容。誤區(qū)警示：考生往往犯以下錯(cuò)誤：主題大意概括不清，剽竊原文或表示了自己意見—這都會(huì)大大影響得分。第16頁(yè)Task2：Rewritethesentencesaccordingtotheskills.第17頁(yè)(1)Usewordsofsimilarmeanings

同義替換法Ididn’tcatchanyfishowingtothefact

thatIwasnotpatient.Ididn’tcatchanyfish_________Iwasnotpatient.because第18頁(yè)(2)Adopttheoppositewaywhensayingasentence正話反說法Youwillfail.Youwill____________.notsucceed第19頁(yè)(3)Changethepartofspeech

詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法Patienceisveryimportant.Patienceis_____________________.ofgreatimportance第20頁(yè)(4)Changethestructureofasentence

句式改變法語(yǔ)態(tài)變換：Parentsshouldgivechildrenmorepraise.Childrenshould__________morepraise.begiven第21頁(yè)簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句：Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore.Thiswillhelpthemlearnfaster.Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore,_______willhelpthemlearnfaster.Childrenaregivenmorepraise.Theywillachievemoresuccess.When_________________,childrenwillachievemoresuccess.whichgivenmorepraise第22頁(yè)(5)Usetheshortestpossibletransitions連詞銜接法注意使用一些短而精連詞，如but,and,so,while,however,then,thus,yet,for,therefore,including,insteadof等。Weshouldencouragechildren.Weshouldnotscoldthem.Weshouldencouragechildren__________scoldingthem.insteadof第23頁(yè)(6)Changetheorderofthewords.詞序改變法Thesecretofsuccesswaspatience.________was___________________.Patiencethesecretofsuccess第24頁(yè)(7)Omitthedetails細(xì)節(jié)約略法Don’talwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraiseinstead.———————————————Don’tscoldandgivepraiseinstead.第25頁(yè)(8)Makeuseofthemeaningofasentence

句意了解法ShoppingontheInternetisbecomingincreasinglypopular.______________________________________________________MoreandmorepeoplepreferInternetshopping.第26頁(yè)Task3:WriteasummaryPassage1第27頁(yè)關(guān)鍵詞、句(1)thewriter,anoldman,fishing,experience,teachsb.alesson,

(2)Thesecretofsuccesswaspatience.__________had____________________with__________who_________________.Thewriterafishingexperienceanoldmantaughthimalesson詞序改變法Patiencewasthesecretofsuccess.(2)(1)連詞成句第28頁(yè)Thewriterhadafishingexperiencewithanoldmanwhotaughthimalesson.Patiencewasthesecretofsuccess.句式改變法Thewriterhadafishingexperiencewithanoldmanwhotaughthimalessonthatpatiencewasthesecretofsuccess.Thewritertellsus…（主題）byshowingusanexampleof…,who/which…（故事情節(jié)）.第29頁(yè)KeyforPassage1:Thewritertellsuspatiencewasveryimportantandthatitwasthesecretofsuccessbyshowingusanexampleofhisunforgettablefishingexperiencewithanoldman,whotaughthimalesson.(35words)第30頁(yè)P(yáng)assage3:關(guān)鍵詞、句(1)Internetshoppingisanewwayofshopping.(2)

ShoppingontheInternetisbecomingincreasinglypopular.

(3)PeoplecanshopforavarietyofthingsontheInternet.(4)commonproducts,informationproducts,services第31頁(yè)KeyforPassage3:Thisarticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon----Internetshopping,whichoffersgreatconvenience.PeoplecanbuymanythingsontheInternetincludingcommonproducts,informationproductsandevenservices.(30words)第32頁(yè)現(xiàn)象揭示類：

Thisarticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon-----…（主題),which…..（補(bǔ)充解釋）.利弊對(duì)比類：

Thearticlecomparesthedisadvantages/benefitsofAandB.A…whileB…Thepassagediscussestheimpact(影響)ofsth.Onthepositiveside…,butitmayalso….研究顯示類：

Thestudyreveals(揭露)that…Thepurposeofthereportistoshowthat…

(2)說明文概要模板第33頁(yè)

1.描寫某事物性質(zhì)功效。即“對(duì)象+性質(zhì)功用+好處”

Inthepassage，thewriterintroduces…(對(duì)象）tous，especiallyits…(性質(zhì)或功用），fromwhichweknow…（對(duì)象帶來(lái)好處)2.針對(duì)某個(gè)問題提出處理方法或辦法，即“問題+處理方法”Thepassagetellsus…（問題),including…(方法一），….(方法二）and（方法三）第34頁(yè)(3)議論文概要模板Thearticlegivestheviewthat…should/shouldn’t…（主題）.…..（補(bǔ)充論據(jù)）.Thepassagehighlights(強(qiáng)調(diào))theimportanceofsth…..Theauthorarguesthat…第35頁(yè)注意事項(xiàng)：“五定三忌”定體裁；定主題；定時(shí)態(tài)；定人稱；定技巧。

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