2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國財政科學(xué)研究院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號40

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中國財政科學(xué)研究院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

BytheendoftheSpringandAutumnPeriodslavesocietywas______disintegration.

問題1選項

A.onthegroundof

B.onthetopof

C.inthelightof

D.onthevergeof

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項onthegroundof“因為”；B選項onthetopof“除……之外；在……之上”；C選項inthelightof“鑒于”；D選項onthevergeof“接近于，瀕臨于”。句意：到春秋末年，奴隸社會已______處于解體。根據(jù)語境，這里指奴隸社會快要解體了，所以onthevergeof“接近于，瀕臨于”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

2.翻譯題

Humanbeings:inalltimesandplacesthinkabouttheirworldandwonderattheirplaceinit.Humansarethoughtfulandcreative,possessedofinsatiablecuriosity.41.Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.Therefore,itisimportanttostudyhumansinalltheirrichnessanddiversifyinacalmandsystematicmanner,withthehopethattheknowledgeresultingfromsuchstudiescanleadhumanstoamoreharmoniouswayoflivingwiththemselvesandwithallotherlifeformsonthisplanetEarth.

“Anthropology”derivesfromtheGreekwordsanthropos“human”andlogos“thestudyof.”Byitsveryname,Anthropologyencompassesthestudyofallhumankind,Anthropologyisoneofthesocialsciences.42.Socialscienceisthatbranchofintellectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.

Socialsciencedisciplinesincludegeography,economics,politicalscience,psychology,andsociology.Eachofthesesocialscienceshasasubfieldorspecializationwhichliesparticularlyclosetoanthropology.

Allthesocialsciencesfocusuponthestudyofhumanity.Anthropologyisafield-studyorienteddisciplinewhichmakesextensiveuseofthecomparativemethodinanalysis.43.Theemphasisondatagatheredfirst-hand,combinedwithacross-culturalperspectivebroughttotheanalysisofculturespastandpresent,makesthisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.

Anthropologyanalysisrestsheavilyupontheconceptofculture.SirEdwardTylor’sformulationoftheconceptofculturewasoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsof19thcenturyscience.44.Tylordefinedcultureas“...thatcomplexwholewhichincludesbelief,art,morals,law,custom,andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”Soprofoundinitssimplicity,thisinsightopenedupanentirelynewwayofperceivingandunderstandinghumanlife.ImplicitwithinTylor’sdefinitionistheconceptthatcultureislearned,shared,andpatternedbehavior.

45.Thus,theAnthropologicalconceptof“culture”,liketheconceptof“set”inmathematics,isanabstractconceptwhichmakespossibleimmenseamountsofconcreteresearchandunderstanding.

【答案】41.另外，人類還有能力改善自己的生存環(huán)境，從而使所有其他形態(tài)的生命服從于人類自己獨特的想法和想象。

42.社會科學(xué)是知識探索的一個分支，它力圖尋求像自然科學(xué)家研究自然現(xiàn)象那樣，用理性、有序、系統(tǒng)和客觀的方式研究人類及其行為。

43.重視收集第一手資料，結(jié)合在分析古今的文化現(xiàn)象時采用跨文化視角，使這一研究成為一門獨一無二并且極為重要的社會科學(xué)。

44.泰勒把文化定義為“……一個復(fù)合整體，（它包括人作為社會成員所獲得的信仰、藝術(shù)、道德、法律、風(fēng)俗以及其他能力和習(xí)慣?！?/p>

45.因此，人類學(xué)中“文化”的概念就像數(shù)學(xué)中“集合”的概念一樣，是一個抽象概念，它使大量的具體研究和理解成為可能。

3.單選題

Thegoodnewsmadeheadlinesnationwide:Deathsfromseveralkindsofcancerhavedeclinedsignificantlyinrecentyears.Butthenewshastobebittersweetformanycancerpatientsandtheirfamilies.Everyyear,morethan500,000peopleintheUnitedStatesstilldieofcancer.Infact,morethanhalfofallpatientsdiagnosedwithcancerwilldieoftheirdiseasewithinafewyears.Andwhileitstruesurvivalislongertodaythaninthepast,thequalityoflifeforthesepatientsisoftengreatlydiminished.Cancer—andmanyofthetreatmentsusedtofightit—causespain,nausea,fatigue,andanxietythatroutinelygoundertreatedoruntreated.

Inthenation’ssingle-mindedfocusoncuringcancer,wehaveinadvertentlydevaluedthecriticalneedforpalliativecare,whichfocusesonalleviatingphysicalandpsychologicalsymptomsoverthecourseofthedisease.Nothingwouldhaveagreaterimpactonthedailylivesofcancerpatientsandtheirfamiliesthangoodsymptomcontrolandsupportivetherapy.YettheNationalCancerInstitute(NCI),thefederalgovernment’sleaderincancerresearchandtraining,spentlessthanonepercentofits1999budgetonanyaspectofresearchortraininginpalliativecare.

Thenationneedstogetseriousaboutreducingneedlesssuffering.NCIshouldcommittoandfundresearchaimedatimprovingsymptomcontrolandpalliativecare.NCIalsocoulddesignate“centersofexcellence”amongthecancercentersitrecognizes.Togetthatdesignation,centerswoulddeliverinnovative,top-qualitypalliativecaretoallsegmentsofthepopulationsthecentersserve;trainprofessionalsinmedicine,nursing,psychology,socialwork,andotherdisciplinestoprovidepalliativecare;andconductresearch.

Insurancecoverageforpalliativeandhospicecarealsocontributestotheproblembyforcingpeopletochoosebetweentreatmentorhospicecare.This“either/or”approachdoesnotreadilyallowthesetwotypesofessentialcaretobeintegrated.TheMedicarehospicebenefitisdesignedspecificallyforpeopleinthefinalstagesofillnessandallowsenrollmentonlyifpatientsareexpectedtosurvivesixmonthsorless.Thebenefitexcludespatientsfromseekingbothpalliativecareandpotentiallylife-extendingtreatment.

Thatmakeshospiceenrollmentanobviousdeterrentformanypatients.Andhospices,whichmayhavethemostskilledpractitionersandthemostexperienceinadministeringpalliativecare,cannotoffertheirservicestopeoplewhocouldreallybenefitbutstillarepursuingactivetreatment.

Itisinnatelyhumantocomfortandprovidecaretothosesufferingfromcancer,particularlythoseclosetodeath.Yetwhatseemsself-evidentatanindividual,personallevelhasnotguidedpolicyatthelevelofinstitutionsinthiscountry.Deathisinevitable,butseveresufferingisnot.Toofferhopeforalonglifeofthehighestpossiblequalityandtodeliverthebestqualitycancercarefromdiagnosestodeath,ourpublicinstitutionsneedtomovetowardpoliciesthatvalueandpromotepalliativecare.

16.Palliativecareisconcernedwithimprovingpatients’________.

17.Accordingtotheauthor,researchonpalliativecare________.

18.Themainproblemofinsurancecoverageforhospicecareandactivetreatmentisthat________.

19.Hospicesoffercancerpatients________.

20.Thistextismainlyabout________.

問題1選項

A.survivalrates

B.qualityoflife

C.lifespans

D.optionsforhealthinsuranceproviders

問題2選項

A.ismoreimportantthanresearchforcancercures

B.hasbeenoverlookedbyresearchers

C.isvirtuallynon-existent

D.isregardedbyresearchersasafrivoloustopic

問題3選項

A.itdoesnotallowpatientstoseekboth

B.itonlycoverspatientswhoselifeexpectancyislessthansixmonths

C.itdeprivespatientsoftherighttochoosebetweentwoproventreatmentmethods

D.hospicecareisonlycoveredwhenitmayextendapatient’slifeexpectancy

問題4選項

A.analternativetopalliativecare

B.comfortintheirearlystagesofillness

C.skilledandexperiencedpalliativecare

D.analternativetoactivetreatment

問題5選項

A.improvingcancerresearchintheU.S

B.reforminginsurancecoverageforcancerpatients

C.understandingdifferentoptionsforcancertreatmentandcare

D.reducingthesufferingofcancerpatients

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】16.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句palliativecare,whichfocusesonalleviatingphysicalandpsychologicalsymptomsoverthecourseofthedisease.（姑息治療的重點是在疾病過程中減輕身體和心理癥狀。）和第二句Nothingwouldhaveagreaterimpactonthedailylivesofcancerpatientsandtheirfamiliesthangoodsymptomcontrolandsupportivetherapy.（沒有什么比平穩(wěn)控制癥狀和支持性治療對癌癥患者及其家人的日常生活影響更大的了。），可知姑息治療對日常生活影響最大，所以B選項“生活質(zhì)量”正確。A選項“存活率”，C選項“壽命”和D選項“健康保險公司的選擇”不是姑息治療的重點，故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

17.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Inthenation’ssingle-mindedfocusoncuringcancer,wehaveinadvertentlydevaluedthecriticalneedforpalliativecare（在我國一心一意致力于治愈癌癥的同時，我們無意中低估了對姑息治療的迫切需要）和第三段第一句Thenationneedstogetseriousaboutreducingneedlesssuffering.（國家需要認(rèn)真對待減少不必要的痛苦。），可知在作者看來，姑息治療應(yīng)該更加被重視，所以B選項“被研究者忽視了”正確，沒有說姑息治療比治療癌癥本身更重要，故A選項“比癌癥治療的研究更重要”錯誤。C選項“幾乎不存在”：根據(jù)第二段最后一句YettheNationalCancerInstitute(NCI)…spentlessthanonepercentofits1999budgetonanyaspectofresearchortraininginpalliativecare.（然而，作為聯(lián)邦政府在癌癥研究和培訓(xùn)方面的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)，國家癌癥研究所在姑息治療的任何方面的研究或培訓(xùn)上的支出不到其1999年預(yù)算的1%。），可知有這方面的研究，只是很少，故錯誤。D選項“研究者認(rèn)為這個主題很無聊”：文章沒有提及，故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

18.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Insurancecoverageforpalliativeandhospicecarealsocontributestotheproblembyforcingpeopletochoosebetweentreatmentorhospicecare.（姑息治療和臨終關(guān)懷的保險范圍也導(dǎo)致了這個問題，因為它迫使人們在治療和臨終關(guān)懷之間做出選擇。），可知醫(yī)療保險讓人只能在姑息治療和臨終關(guān)懷選擇其一，所以A選項“不允許病人同時尋求兩者”正確，但還是可以選擇，故C選項“剝奪了患者在兩種已被證實的治療方法之間選擇的權(quán)利”錯誤。B選項“只覆蓋預(yù)期壽命少于6個月的患者”和D選項“只有當(dāng)臨終關(guān)懷可以延長病人的預(yù)期壽命時，它才包括在內(nèi)”：根據(jù)第四段第三、四句TheMedicarehospicebenefitisdesignedspecificallyforpeopleinthefinalstagesofillnessandallowsenrollmentonlyifpatientsareexpectedtosurvivesixmonthsorless.Thebenefitexcludespatientsfromseekingbothpalliativecareandpotentiallylife-extendingtreatment.（醫(yī)療保險臨終關(guān)懷福利是專門為處于疾病最后階段的人設(shè)計的，只有在患者預(yù)計存活時間為6個月或更短的情況下才允許登記。這種好處使患者既不尋求姑息治療，也不尋求可能延長生命的治療。），這里說的是臨終關(guān)懷的使用情況，即患者預(yù)計存活時間為6個月或更短的時候采用臨終關(guān)懷，這時不以延長壽命為目的，故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

19.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第二句Andhospices,whichmayhavethemostskilledpractitionersandthemostexperienceinadministeringpalliativecare（臨終關(guān)懷院或許有對臨終關(guān)懷最有經(jīng)驗的醫(yī)生和姑息治療經(jīng)驗），可知臨終關(guān)懷院提供給患者C選項“熟練和經(jīng)驗豐富的姑息治療”，所以C選項正確。B選項“疾病早期階段的舒適”：根據(jù)第四段第三句TheMedicarehospicebenefitisdesignedspecificallyforpeopleinthefinalstagesofillness（醫(yī)療保險臨終關(guān)懷福利是專門為處于疾病最后階段的人設(shè)計的），可知臨終關(guān)懷不針對疾病早期，故錯誤。A選項“姑息治療的替代方案”，和D選項“積極治療的替代方案”：文章沒有提到，故錯誤。因此C選項正確。

20.主旨大意題。文章第一段引入治療癌癥的副作用沒有得到充分治療，第二、三段呼吁國家對此采取措施，第四、五段提到臨終關(guān)懷對減輕患者痛苦的保險情況，最后一段總結(jié)全文強(qiáng)調(diào)推動姑息治療，全文都在圍繞減輕患者痛苦的醫(yī)療方法，所以D選項“減少癌癥患者的痛苦”正確。A選項“改善美國的癌癥研究”，B選項“改革癌癥患者的保險范圍”和C選項“了解癌癥治療和護(hù)理的不同選擇”是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文，故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

4.單選題

Hisviolentbehaviorsometimesis_______hispersonalityofshynessandself-consciousness.

問題1選項

A.onconditionof

B.inlinewith

C.atoddswith

D.indisguiseof

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項onconditionof“只要”；B選項inlinewith“符合”；C選項atoddswith“與……不一致”；D選項indisguiseof“托辭，假扮成，打著……的幌子”。句意：他的暴力行為有時_______他的個性的害羞和自覺意識。根據(jù)語境，這里指他的暴力行為不會讓人想到他會害羞，所以atoddswith“與……不一致”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

5.單選題

Beefcattle______ofalllivestockforeconomicgrowthinthecertaingeographicregions.

問題1選項

A.themostareimportant

B.arethemostimportant

C.isthemostimportant

D.thataremostimportant

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子成分。句意：在某些地區(qū)，肉牛是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長最重要的牲畜。根據(jù)題目和選項確定句子結(jié)構(gòu)為主語+系動詞+表語結(jié)構(gòu)，所以用be動詞；根據(jù)cattle是集合名詞確定用復(fù)數(shù)形式；根據(jù)形容詞最高級結(jié)構(gòu)為themost+adj.確定用themostimportant，所以B選項arethemostimportant符合題意。因此B選項正確。

6.單選題

“Doyouwanttosee______myIDcardormydriver’slicense?”“Eitherwilldo.”

問題1選項

A.every

B.each

C.either

D.both

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項every“每個”；B選項each“各個”；C選項either“（兩者中的）任何一個”，either…or“是……還是……”；D選項both“兩者”，both…and“兩個都”。句意：你要看我的身份證還是駕駛執(zhí)照？隨便哪一個都行。根據(jù)語境，這里問的是要看身份證還是駕駛證，結(jié)合后面or，either…or符合語境，C選項either“（兩者中的）任何一個”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

7.單選題

______hegaveupthespeech.

問題1選項

A.Atalossforaword

B.Whileatalossforaword

C.Whenatalossforaword

D.Ifatalossforaword

【答案】A

【解析】考查原因狀語。句意：他想不出一個詞來，只好放棄演講。橫線部分是原因狀語。根據(jù)選項內(nèi)容可知橫線部分不是從句而是短語，句子還原成：Hegaveupthespeechatalossforaword.A選項Atalossforaword符合題意。因此A選項正確。

8.單選題

Thewordfor“TheDaVinciCode”isarareinvertiblepalindrome.Rotated180degreesonahorizontalaxissothatitisupsidedown,itdenotesthematernalessencethatissometimeslinkedtothesportofsoccer.Readrightsideup,itconciselyconveysthekindofextremeenthusiasmwithwhichthisriddle-filled,code-breaking,exhilaratinglybrainythrillercanberecommended.Thatwordiswow.

TheauthorisDanBrown(anameyouwillwanttoremember).Inthisgleefullyeruditesuspensenovel,Mr.Browntakestheformathehasbeendevelopingthroughthreeearliernovelsandfine-tunesittoblockbusterperfection.NotsincetheadventofHarryPotterhasanauthorsoflagrantlydelightedinleadingreadersonabreathlesschaseandcoaxingthemthroughhoops.Considerthenewbook’sprologue,setintheGrandGalleryoftheLouvre.(Thisisthekindofbookthatnoticesthatthisonegallery’slengthisthreetimesthatoftheWashingtonMonument.)ItembroilsaCaravaggio,analbinomonkandacuratorinafighttothedeath.That’ssceneleavinglittledoubtthattheauthorknowshowtopiqueinterest,asthecurator,JacquesSauniere,fightsforhislife.

Desperatelyseizingthepaintinginordertoactivatethemuseum’salarmsystem,Saunieresucceedsinbuyingsometime.Andheusesthesestolenmoments?Whicharehislast?Totakeoffhisclothes,drawacircleandarrangehimselflikethefigureinLeonardo’smostfamousdrawing,“TheVitruvianMan.”AndtoleavebehindananagramandFibonacci’sfamousnumericalseriesasclues.

Whateverthisisabout,itisenoughtosummonLangdon,whobynow,heblushestorecall,hasbeendescribedinanadoringmagazinearticleas“HarrisonFordinHarristweed.”Langdon’slatestmanuscript,which“proposedsomeveryunconventionalinterpretationsofestablishedreligiousiconographywhichwouldcertainlybecontroversial,”isdefinitelygermane.

AlsosoononthesceneisthecryptologistSophieNeveu,achipofftheauthor’searlierprototypes:“Unlikethecookie-cutterblondesthatadornedHarvarddormroomwalls,thiswomanwashealthywithanunembellishedbeautyandgenuinenessthatradiatedastrikingpersonalconfidence.”EvenifhehadnotcontrivedthisentirestoryasahuntfortheLostSacredFeminineessence,womeninparticularwouldloveMr.Brown.

Thebookmovesatabreakneckpace,withtheauthorseemingthoroughlytoenjoyhiscontrivances.Virtuallyeverychapterendswithacliffhanger:noteasy,consideringtheamountofplainoldtakingthatgetsdone.AndSophieandLangdonaresentontherun,thebettertochurnupathrilleratmosphere.Totheircredit,theyevadetheirpursuersasingeniouslyastheydomosteverythingelse.

Whenbeingfollowedviaaglobalpositioningsystem,forinstance,itissmarttosendthesensorflyingouta40-footwindowandleadpursuerstothinkyouhavedonethesame.Somehowthebookmanagestoreconcilesuchderring-dowithremarkslike.“Anddidyouknowthatifyoudividethenumberoffemalebeesbythenumberofmalebeesinanybeehiveintheworld,youalwaysgetthesamenumber?”

“TheDaVinciCode”isbreezyenougheventomakefunofitscharacters’owncleverness.AtonepointLangdonisaskedbyhishostwhetherhehashiddenasought—aftertreasurecarefullyenough.“Actually,”Langdonsays,unabletohidehisgrin,“thatdependsonhowoftenyoudustunderyourcouch.”

21.Whydoestheauthorusetheword“wow”todescribethenovelTheDaVinciCode?

22.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

23.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatHarryPotterisallthefollowingEXCEPT________.

24.ThemajorfactorthatcontributestothesuccessofTheDaVinciCodeis________.

25.Theauthor’sattitudetowards“TheDaVinceCode”is________.

問題1選項

A.Becausethewordreadsthesamebackwards.

B.Becauseitisalsolinkedtothesportoffootball.

C.Becausethenovelisimbuedwithperplexingenigmasandsmartlywrought.

D.Becausethenovelisabestseller.

問題2選項

A.DanBrown,authorof“TheDaVinciCode”haspublishedsofarfournovels.

B.TheDaVinciCodebeginswithamysteriousmurdercaseintheGalleryofLouvre.

C.Inhisearliernovels,DanBrownhascreatedcharacterslikeSpohieNeveu.

D.TheDaVinciCodewinsthepopularityamongwomenbecauseDanBrownisaferventfeminist.

問題3選項

A.itisalsoabestselleraroundtheworld

B.itattractsreaderswithheart-throbbingsuspense

C.itischaracterizedbyhoaxandunreliableplots

D.ithasachievedimmensepopularitywithreaders

問題4選項

A.theengrossingprologue

B.thedepictionofthefemaleprotagonistSophieNeveu

C.thebreakneckpaceandacliffhangerattheendofalmosteverychapter

D.thecolorfuldescriptionoftheclevernessofthecharacters

問題5選項

A.critical

B.indifferent

C.affirmative

D.sarcastic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】21.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)thisriddle-filled,code-breaking,exhilaratinglybrainythrillercanberecommended（這本推理懸疑小說值得推薦，它充滿謎題和破解密碼，令人興奮），可知這部小說寫得很精彩，所以C選項“因為這部小說充滿了令人費解的謎題，構(gòu)思巧妙的”正確。A選項“因為這個詞倒著讀也是一樣的”和B選項“因為它也與足球運動有關(guān)”：根據(jù)第一段第一句Thewordfor“TheDaVinciCode”isarareinvertiblepalindrome.（“達(dá)芬奇密碼”是一種少見的可逆回文。），和第二句sometimeslinkedtothesportofsoccer（有時與足球運動聯(lián)系在一起），可知是在解釋達(dá)芬奇密碼這個名詞而非小說，故錯誤。D選項“因為這本小說是一本暢銷書”：根據(jù)第二段第二句fine-tunesittoblockbusterperfection（并對其進(jìn)行了微調(diào)，使之達(dá)到了轟動一時的完美境界），這里沒有表示小說賣得好，其他地方也沒有提到小說的銷量，故錯誤。

因此C選項正確。

22.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句EvenifhehadnotcontrivedthisentirestoryasahuntfortheLostSacredFeminineessence,womeninparticularwouldloveMr.Brown.（即使他設(shè)計的整個故事不是為了尋找丟失的神圣女性本質(zhì)，女性們也會特別喜歡布朗先生。），可知丹?布朗不是女性主義者，D選項“《達(dá)?芬奇密碼》在女性中廣受歡迎，因為丹?布朗是一個狂熱的女權(quán)主義者”不符合文章內(nèi)容，故正確。A選項“丹?布朗，《達(dá)芬奇密碼》的作者，迄今為止已經(jīng)出版了四部小說”：根據(jù)第二段第二句Mr.Browntakestheformathehasbeendevelopingthroughthreeearliernovelsandfine-tunesittoblockbusterperfection.（布朗采用了他在早期三部小說中發(fā)展起來的形式）可知布朗已經(jīng)出版了四部小說，符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯誤。B選項“《達(dá)芬奇密碼》始于盧浮宮的一樁神秘的兇殺案”：根據(jù)第二段第四、五句Considerthenewbook’sprologue,setintheGrandGalleryoftheLouvre…ItembroilsaCaravaggio,analbinomonkandacuratorinafighttothedeath.（以這本新書的序言為例，故事發(fā)生在盧浮宮的大畫廊……一名來自卡拉瓦喬的人、一名白化病僧人和一名館長卷入了一場殊死搏斗。），可知在小說開頭講的是兇殺案，符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯誤。C選項“在他早期的小說中，丹?布朗創(chuàng)造了像索菲?奈芙這樣的人物”：根據(jù)第五段第一句thecryptologistSophieNeveu,achipofftheauthor’searlierprototypes（索菲?奈芙，由作者早期作品的原型而來），可知丹?布朗在早期創(chuàng)造了跟索菲?奈芙很像的人物，符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句NotsincetheadventofHarryPotterhasanauthorsoflagrantlydelightedinleadingreadersonabreathlesschaseandcoaxingthemthroughhoops.（自從《哈利?波特》問世以來，還沒有哪位作家能像他這樣公然地讓讀者應(yīng)接不暇，引誘讀者掉入層層作者設(shè)置的圈套。），可知《哈利?波特》通過跌宕起伏和充滿懸疑的情節(jié)吸引讀者，B選項“它以讓人心跳加速的懸念吸引讀者”符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯誤。C選項“它的特點是騙局和不可靠的陰謀”不符合文章內(nèi)容，所以正確。A選項“這本書在世界各地都很暢銷”和D選項“它在讀者中獲得了巨大的人氣”：作者為了讓讀者理解自己的意思，一定會選擇大家耳熟能詳?shù)睦?，推斷《哈?波特》暢銷并且受歡迎，符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯誤。因此C選項正確。

24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句NotsincetheadventofHarryPotterhasanauthorsoflagrantlydelightedinleadingreadersonabreathlesschaseandcoaxingthemthroughhoops.（自從《哈利?波特》問世以來，還沒有哪位作家能像他這樣公然地讓讀者應(yīng)接不暇，引誘讀者掉入層層作者設(shè)置的圈套。），作者點出這本書受歡迎的獨特之處，第六段第二句Virtuallyeverychapterendswithacliffhanger:noteasy,consideringtheamountofplainoldtakingthatgetsdone.（幾乎每一章都以懸念結(jié)尾：這并不容易，考慮到要完成的普通的拍攝數(shù)量。），結(jié)合文章運用大量筆墨表達(dá)《達(dá)芬奇密碼》充滿懸疑，所以C選項“幾乎每一章結(jié)尾的驚險節(jié)奏和扣人心弦的情節(jié)”正確。A選項“引人入勝的開場白”，B選項“女主人公索菲?奈芙的描寫”和D選項“對人物聰明才智的生動描述”：不是《達(dá)芬奇密碼》最獨特的地方，故錯誤。因此C選項正確。

25.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Thatwordiswow.（這個詞就是哇。），可知作者對小說的態(tài)度是C選項“肯定”。A選項“批判”，B選項“冷淡”和D選項“諷刺”不符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯誤。因此C選項正確。

9.單選題

Thegovernormightconceivablyfindagenuineresolutiontothebudgetarydilemma,butshemaybetemptedtoengageinadeception:a_______exerciseinfiscalprudence.

問題1選項

A.rigorous

B.blatant

C.specious

D.convincing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項rigorous“嚴(yán)密的；嚴(yán)格的”；B選項blatant“公然的；炫耀的”；C選項specious“似是而非的；華而不實的”；D選項convincing“有說服力的”。句意：可以想象，這位州長可能會找到一個真正的解決預(yù)算困境的辦法，但她可能會被誘導(dǎo)去搞一場騙局：一個_______的財政審慎行動。根據(jù)語境，specious“似是而非的；華而不實的”搭配deception“騙局”比較合理。因此C選項正確。

10.單選題

Hewrotedowntheaddress______heshouldforgetit.

問題1選項

A.incasenot

B.lest

C.inorderthat

D.offearthat

【答案】B

【解析】考查狀語從句。句意：他寫下了地址，以免忘記。橫線到句尾部分是原因狀語從句。A選項incase“以免”，不加not；B選項lest“以免”；C選項inorderthat“以便”；D選項fear“擔(dān)心”，offearthat不合語法。寫下地址是為了防止忘記和語法正確性，B選項lest“以免”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

11.單選題

Notonly______muchbiggerthananyplanet,butunliketheplanets,itconsistscompletelyofgaseousmaterial.

問題1選項

A.thesunis

B.thesun,whichis

C.isthesun

D.thatthesun

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語從句。句意：太陽不僅比任何行星都要大得多，而且不同的是，它完全由氣體物質(zhì)組成。根據(jù)題目和選項確定考查固定搭配notonly…but的部分倒裝，notonly放在句首的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為notonly+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be動詞+主語+其他，C選項isthesun選項符合題意。因此C選項正確。

12.單選題

Ateverystageofearlydevelopment,humanbabieslagbehindinfantsfromotherspecies.Akittencanambleacrossaroomwithinmomentsofbirthandcatchitsfirstmousewithinweeks,whileitswide-eyedhumancounterparttakesmonthstomakeherfirststep,andyearstolearnevensimpletasks,suchashowtotieashoelaceorskiparope,letaloneprepareathree-coursemeal.Yet,inthecognitiverace,humanbabiesturnouttobemuchlikethetortoiseinAesop’sfable:emergingtriumphantafteraslowandsteadyclimbtothefinish.Asadults,wedrivefancysportscars,leapnimblyacrossfootballfieldsandballetstages,writelengthydissertationsoneveryconceivablesubject,andlaunchrocketsintospace.Wehaveamasteryoverourselvesandourenvironmentsthatispeculiartoourspecies.

Yet,thisvictoryseemspuzzling.Inthefable,thetortoisewinstheracebecausetheharetakesanap.But,ifanything,humaninfantsnapevenmorethankittens!Andunlikethenobletortoise,babiesarehelpless,andmoretothepoint,hopeless.Theycouldnotlearnthebasicskillsnecessarytotheirindependentsurvivaleveniftheytried.Howdohumanbabiesmangetoturnthingsaroundintheend?

InarecentarticleinCurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalScience,SharonThompson-Schill,MichaelRamscarandEvangeliaChrysikoumakethecasethatthisveryhelplessnessiswhatallowshumanbabiestoadvancefarbeyondotheranimals.Theyproposethatourdelayedcorticaldevelopmentispreciselywhatenablesustoacquiretheculturalbuildingblocks,suchaslanguage,thatmakeupthefoundationsofhumanachievement.Indeed,thetriomakesclearthatourearlyvulnerabilityisanevolutionary“engineeringtrade-off”,muchlikethehumanlarynx—which,whileitfacilitatestheintricateproductionsofhumanspeech,isactuallyquiteaprecariousadaptationforanyonetryingtoswallowsafely.Inthesameway,theysuggest,ourabilitytolearnlanguagecomesatthepriceofanextendedperiodofcognitiveimmaturity.

Thisclaimhingesonapeculiaranduniquefeatureofourcognitivearchitecture:thestunninglyslowdevelopmentoftheprefrontalcortex(PFC).Whileotheranimals’brainregionsdevelopmentinsynchrony,inhumans,thedevelopmentofthePFClagsfarbehindthatofotherareas.ThePFCistheswathofgraymatterthatmakesuptheanteriorfrontallobes,andfunctionally,itappearstobeheavilyimplicatedinawide-rangeofsophisticatedplanningandattentiondrivenbehaviors.Indeed,itisoftenreferredtoasthe“control”centerofthebrain.Oneofitsmainfunctionsappearstobethatofselectivelyfilteringinformationfromthesenses,allowingustoattendtospecificactions,goals,ortasks.Forthisreason,“cognitivecontrol”tasksarethoughttobeoneofthebestassessorsofPFCfunctionandmaturity,andtheyareteststhatyoungchildrenreliably,andignominiously,fail.

TheStrooptaskservesasasimpleassessorofPFCfunctioninadults.Thetaskinvolvesnamingtheinkcolorofacontrastingcolorword:forexample,youmightseetheword“red”writteningreenink,inwhichcaseyouhavetosay“green”.Thetask(saying“red”inresponsetoseeingthewordred)withanewresponsespecifictothetask(namingtheconflictinginkcolor).Trickyornot,healthyadultscansuccessfullycompetethetaskwithonlyminorhesitation.

Children,withtheirimmaturePFC’s,areadifferentstory.Typically,theyoungerchildrenare,theworsetheyareatsolvingStroop—liketasks,andundertheageoffour,theyoutrightfailthem.Whileyoungchildrenaresensitive,aptlearners,andoftenappeartofullyunderstandwhatisbeingaskedofthem,theyareunabletomediatetheconflictingdemandspresentinthesesortsoftasks,andthusfailthem,timeandtimeagain.Three-yearoldssimplycannotdirecthowtheyattendtoorrespondtotheworld.

31.WhydoestheauthorcomparehumanbabiestothetortoiseinAesop’sfable?

32.Whyarehumanbabies“helpless”accordingtothetext?

33.WhatisthepurposeofmentioninghumanlarynxinParagraph3?

34.Whatisthefunctionoftheprefrontalcortex(PFC)?

35.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthe“Strooptask”？

問題1選項

A.Theyhaveamasteryoverthemselves.

B.Theylagbehindatbeginningandthenslowlycatchup.

C.Theyaresuperiortoinfantsfromotherspecies.

D.Theyarequiteslowincognitivedevelopment.

問題2選項

A.Theydon’thavethebasicskillsnecessaryforsurvival.

B.Theynapmoreoftenthaninfantsofotherspecies.

C.Theyarenotsopersistentasthetortoise.

D.Theyarenotquicklearnersasinfantsofotherspecies.

問題3選項

A.Toshowthepeculiarfunctionofhumanlarynx.

B.Toemphasizetheimportanceofhumanlanguage.

C.Toexplainthereasonsforourearlycognitiveimmaturity.

D.Toindicatehowhumandevelopspeeches.

問題4選項

A.Tocollectinformationfromthesenses.

B.Tohelpperformsophisticatedplanningandattention-drivenbehaviors.

C.Tocontrolthedevelopmentofotherareasofthebrain.

D.Toenablehumanbeingstocarryoutadvancetasks.

問題5選項

A.Childrenwouldfailsuchtaskduetotheirinabilitytounderstandthetaskrequirements.

B.ThetaskisoftenusedtoassessthematurityofPF

C.C.Thetaskrequiresthesubjectstomakeresponsescontradictorytothewell-learnedones.

D.Adultscouldcompletethetasksuccessfullywithonlylittlehesitation.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第三句Yet,inthecognitiverace,humanbabiesturnouttobemuchlikethetortoiseinAesop’sfable:emergingtriumphantafteraslowandsteadyclimbtothefinish.（然而，在認(rèn)知方面，人類嬰兒很像伊索寓言中的烏龜：緩慢而穩(wěn)定地爬到終點后，勝利出現(xiàn)。），可知人類嬰兒和烏龜?shù)南嗨圃谟诼?，最終卻能勝利，所以B選項“他們一開始落后，然后慢慢地趕上來了”正確，D選項“他們的認(rèn)知發(fā)展相當(dāng)緩慢”不是表達(dá)的重點，故錯誤。A選項“他們能掌控自己”和C選項“他們優(yōu)于其他物種的嬰兒”：文章沒有提到，故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四、五句Andunlikethenobletortoise,babiesarehelpless,andmoretothepoint,hopeless.Theycouldnotlearnthebasicskillsnecessarytotheirindependentsurvivaleveniftheytried.（和高貴的烏龜不同，嬰兒是無助的，更確切地說，是絕望的。即使他們嘗試，他們也學(xué)不到獨立生存所必需的基本技能。），可知人類嬰兒無助是因為A選項“他們沒有生存所需的基本技能”。B選項“他們比其他物種的嬰兒更經(jīng)常打盹”：根據(jù)第二段第三句But,ifanything,humaninfantsnapevenmorethankittens!（但是，如果說有什么不同的話，那就是人類的嬰兒比小貓更喜歡打盹！），這里是說人和貓的不同，而不是解釋為什么人類嬰兒無助，故錯誤。C選項“他們不像烏龜那樣固執(zhí)”和D選項“他們不像其他物種的嬰兒一樣快速學(xué)習(xí)”：文章沒有提到，故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段ourdelayedcorticaldevelopmentispreciselywhatenablesustoacquiretheculturalbuildingblocks,suchaslanguage…Indeed,thetriomakesclearthatourearlyvulnerabilityisanevolutionary“engineeringtrade-off”,muchlikethehumanlarynx—which,whileitfacilitatestheintricateproductionsofhumanspeech,isactuallyquiteaprecariousadaptationforanyonetryingtoswallowsafely.Inthesameway,theysuggest,