2022年考研考博-考博英語-遼寧大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)2

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-遼寧大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

Intheprocessoftheon-goingnationwidecampaignlaunchedtoconsolidatethemarketorder,punishmentshavebeenmetedoutinaccordancewithlawsagainstwithcrimesthatdoharmtopeople’slivesandhealth,includingproductionandsaleofcounterfeitandsubstandardfoodsandmedicines,andothercrimessuchastaxevasionanddefraud,financialswindling,smugglingandpyramidselling.Thishaseffectivelyprotectedthepeople’slegitimaterightsandinterests.Workhasbeenintensifiedtoinvestigateandpreventon-jobcrimes,withspecialfocusoninvestigatingandpunishingthoseconvictedofseriousbriberyandcorruptionoffenses,bringingtojusticethoseproventohaveactedasbehind-the-sceneleadersofMafia-likegangsorastheir“protectiveumbrellas”bytakingadvantagesoftheirpowersandinfluence.

【答案】【參考譯文】在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)開展的整頓市場(chǎng)秩序活動(dòng)中，依法懲治了生產(chǎn)、銷售假冒偽劣食品、藥品等危害人民生命健康的犯罪和偷稅、詐騙、金融詐騙、走私、傳銷等其他犯罪。這有效地保障了人民的合法權(quán)益。加大查辦和預(yù)防職務(wù)犯罪工作力度，重點(diǎn)查處嚴(yán)重受賄、腐敗犯罪分子，將那些被證明是黑社會(huì)性質(zhì)組織的幕后領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人或利用其權(quán)力和影響力充當(dāng)其“保護(hù)傘”的人繩之以法。

2.翻譯題

人類文化從整體來說，是各國(guó)、各民族文化匯聚、交流的產(chǎn)物?，F(xiàn)代國(guó)際間的文化交流，更是以空前的規(guī)模、內(nèi)容、形式和手段，在直接間接地進(jìn)行著。

交流促進(jìn)發(fā)展。一個(gè)國(guó)家、一個(gè)民族，只要不是由于主觀和客觀的種種原因而長(zhǎng)期處于孤立、閉塞的狀態(tài)之中，或多或少都可以從交流中得到好處。

事實(shí)上，在現(xiàn)代國(guó)家中，絕對(duì)不受外來影響的固有文化是不存在的。一位外國(guó)的著名歷史學(xué)家曾經(jīng)說過：“任何國(guó)家的文明，來自外來影響的產(chǎn)物總是多于本國(guó)的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造。如果有人要把英國(guó)文化中任何受外國(guó)影響或來源于外國(guó)的東西剔除掉，那么，英國(guó)的文化就所剩無幾了?！?/p>

【答案】【參考譯文】Takenasawhole,humancultureistheproductofthemergingofandexchangebetweenthecultureofallnationsandnationalities.Moderninternationalculturalexchangegoesdirectlyandindirectlywithitsscale,content,formandmethodbeingunheardofbefore.

Communicationpromotesdevelopment.Acountry,oranation,ifnotinastateofisolationforalongperiodforreasonseithersubjectiveorobjective,willbenefitfromthisexchangetoagreaterorlessextent.

Infact,anintrinsiccultureabsolutelyimmunetoforeigninfluenceisnon-existent.Awell-knownforeignhistorianoncesaid:“Thecivilizationofanycountryismuchmoretheproductofexternalinfluencesthanofnativeinvention.VerylittlewouldremainofEnglishcultureifallitselementswhichhaveaforeignoriginorbearssomeforeigninfluencewereeliminated.”

3.單選題

Becauseadegreefromagooduniversityisthemeanstoabetterjob,educationisoneofthemost（

）areasinJapaneselife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sophisticated

B.competitive

C.considerate

D.superficial

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sophisticated意為“見多識(shí)廣的，老練的”；competitive意為“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的，比賽的”；considerate意為“考慮周到的，體貼的”；superficial意為“膚淺的，表面的”。由前面because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語，可知好大學(xué)的學(xué)位意味著好更好的工作，故此推測(cè)教育領(lǐng)域具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性，因此選B。

句意：因?yàn)橐凰么髮W(xué)的學(xué)位是獲得更好工作的手段，所以教育是日本人生活中最具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的領(lǐng)域之一。

4.單選題

Thechoirslowlywalkedthroughthe（

）ofthechurchastheysang.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.passage

B.lane

C.isle

D.aisle

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。passage意為“通道，走廊”；lane意為“(鄉(xiāng)間)小路，小巷，胡同”；isle意為“島，小島”；aisle意為“(教堂、戲院、火車等座位間或超級(jí)市場(chǎng)貨架間的)走道，過道”。由thechurch（教堂）可知選D。

句意：唱詩班在唱詩的時(shí)候慢慢地穿過教堂的過道。

5.單選題

Withtimethememoryfadedinto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nourishment

B.realization

C.longevity

D.oblivion

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。nourishment意為“營(yíng)養(yǎng)，營(yíng)養(yǎng)品”；realization意為“認(rèn)識(shí)，領(lǐng)會(huì)，領(lǐng)悟”；longevity意為“長(zhǎng)壽”；oblivion意為“遺忘，昏迷”。

句意：隨著時(shí)間的流逝，記憶漸漸淡忘了。

6.翻譯題

6.Insteadofbeingapproachedbyhumanpersonnel,thebankfoyerisstaffedbyarobot,whichservesasthebanklobbymanager,andisabletocommunicatewithcustomerstomeettheirneedsandsolvetheirproblems.Thedifferencebetweenatraditionalself-servicebankandtheunmannedbankistheintelligentself-serviceequipmentwhichisabletoaccessvariousbankingserviceswithinthebranch.

【答案】【參考譯文】

6.在銀行大廳迎客的不是人類員工，而是作為銀行大堂經(jīng)理配備的一個(gè)機(jī)器人，它能與客戶交流互動(dòng)以滿足其需要并解決其問題。傳統(tǒng)的自助銀行和無人銀行之間的區(qū)別在于智能自助服務(wù)設(shè)備，它能夠訪問分支機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)的各種銀行服務(wù)。

7.翻譯題

Today,weanxiouslyscrutinizeexaminationscoresandworrywhetherourchildwillbeadmittedintoprestigiousuniversity.Mostofthetime,theirritatingchildorstudentwithlowscoresonlyreceivesnegativeattention.ConsideringthehueandcriesaboutteachingChinesestudentstobemorecreative,andtheconstantcomparisonsofthedifferencesbetweenEastandWesteducation,maybewearefutilelytryingtopoundsquarepegintoroundholes.

Creativityisrelatedtoproblem-solvingability,andthefundamentaltruthisthatcreativityandeffectivenesscallsforafullyengagedmind.Ontheonehand,acreativepersonislikeafleshandbloodcomputer,collecting,assembling,arrangingandintegratingdata.Ontheotherhand,thecreativepersonistheattentivestudentoflife.Peoplewantingtoacquireacreativementalitymustfirstandforemostbeinthemind-setoffullyembracingalloftheirlearningexperience.Themindisthechain,andthevarietyofideasandexperiencesarethegears.

Thepersonalorientationtowardachievementisanattitude.Learninganddemonstratingcreativedecision-makingisnotaby-productfrombeingconditionedtomemorizecorrectanswers,orretrieveexactbitsofdataforproducingahighfinalscore.Creativityisaby-productofmentalrisk-takingandexperimentation,andoneisfullyengagingpersonalthinkinginthefunofabstractplay:mentalgymnastics.

【答案】【參考譯文】今天，我們焦慮地查著考試分?jǐn)?shù)，擔(dān)心小孩是否有望被名牌大學(xué)錄取。大多數(shù)情況下，令人惱火的小孩或分?jǐn)?shù)低的學(xué)生僅得到消極的關(guān)心。在呼吁提高中國(guó)學(xué)生創(chuàng)造性的抗議聲和中西方教育差異的對(duì)比的影響下，我們的做法無異于方枘圓鑿不得其所。

創(chuàng)造力通常與問題解決能力相關(guān)，而且基本的事實(shí)是創(chuàng)造力和有效性需要全神貫注的頭腦。一方面，一個(gè)有創(chuàng)造力的人如同一臺(tái)有血有肉的計(jì)算機(jī)，對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行收集、匯集、整理和整合；另一方面，有創(chuàng)造力的人是生活中最細(xì)心的學(xué)生。想要擁有創(chuàng)造性頭腦的人必須首先下定決心去徹底領(lǐng)會(huì)所有的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷。頭腦是鏈條，而各種想法和經(jīng)歷是齒輪。

個(gè)人的成就取向是一種態(tài)度。學(xué)習(xí)和展示創(chuàng)造性的決策，并不是為了獲得高分而習(xí)慣于記住正確答案或檢索精確數(shù)據(jù)的副產(chǎn)品。創(chuàng)造力是一種腦力冒險(xiǎn)和試驗(yàn)的副產(chǎn)品，且創(chuàng)造力需要完全地讓個(gè)人的思考忙于抽象活動(dòng)（即腦力訓(xùn)練）的樂趣中。

8.單選題

Athoroughstudyofbiologyrequires______withthepropertiesoftreesandplants,andthehabitsofbirdsandbeasts.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquisition

B.acquaintance

C.discrimination

D.justification

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)acquisition“獲得物，獲得；收購”；B選項(xiàng)acquaintance“熟人；熟悉；熟知；相識(shí)；了解；知道”；C選項(xiàng)discrimination“歧視；區(qū)別，辨別；識(shí)別力”；D選項(xiàng)justification“理由；辯護(hù)；認(rèn)為有理，認(rèn)為正當(dāng)；釋罪”。句意：徹底的生物學(xué)研究需要_____樹木和植物的特性以及鳥獸的習(xí)性。此處填“熟悉”一詞最符合句意，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbyasetofdynamicvariables:language,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,aesthetics,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.

Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentstemfromthefactthatonecannotlearnculture—onehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald’s.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife;however,culturaldifferencesarestillfarfromconverging.

Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant;thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaorevenblindness.

Fortuneexaminedtheinternationalperformanceofadozenlargecompaniesthatearn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas.Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.Theyhavenotrushedintosituationsbutratherbuilttheiroperationscarefullybyfollowingthemostbasicbusinessprinciples.Theseprinciplesaretoknowyouradversary,knowyouraudience,andknowyourcustomer.

41.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?（）

42.Accordingtotheauthor,themodelofPepsi（）.

43.Thetwoschoolsofthought（）.

44.Thisarticleissupposedtobemostusefulforthose（）.

45.AccordingtoFortune,successfulinternationalcompanies（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Allinternationalmanagerscanlearnculture.

B.Businessdiversityisnotnecessary.

C.Viewsdifferonhowtotreatcultureinbusinessworld.

D.Mostpeopledonotknowforeignculturewell.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.isinlinewiththetheoriesoftheschooladvocatingthebusinessisbusinesstheworldaround

B.isdifferentfromthemodelofMcDonald’s

C.showsthereverseofglobalization

D.hasconvergedculturaldifferences

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.bothproposethatcompaniesshouldtailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures

B.bothadvocatethatdfferentpoliciesbesetupindfferentcountries

C.admittheexistenceofculturaldiversityinbusinessworld

D.BothAandB

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.whoareinterestedinresearchingthetopicofculturaldiversity

B.whohaveconnectionstomorethanonetypeofculture

C.whowanttotravelabroad

D.whowanttorunbusinessonInternationalScale

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.earn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas

B.allhavethequalityofpatience

C.willfollowtheoverseaslocalcultures

D.adoptthepolicyofinternationalization

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】41.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知，文化在商業(yè)中是一個(gè)很具挑戰(zhàn)性的因素。不同的國(guó)家與地區(qū)可能會(huì)有不同的文化體系。在商業(yè)中，應(yīng)該怎樣對(duì)待不同的文化，商業(yè)界存在著不同的看法。A選項(xiàng)“所有國(guó)際經(jīng)理人都可以學(xué)習(xí)文化”，根據(jù)第一段最后一句話可知，有些知識(shí)只能根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)獲得，所以A選項(xiàng)太過絕對(duì)；B選項(xiàng)“商業(yè)多樣性沒有必要”說法錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“在商業(yè)世界中如何對(duì)待文化有不同的看法”符合題意；D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)人不了解外國(guó)文化”文中沒有提到，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

42.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題意可定位到文章第二段的第二、三句話“Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald’s.（在如何應(yīng)對(duì)文化多樣性的問題上，商界存在著兩種思想流派。一是商業(yè)是世界商業(yè)，全球都在效仿百事和麥當(dāng)勞的模式。）”。A選項(xiàng)“符合倡導(dǎo)商業(yè)是世界商業(yè)的學(xué)派的理論”符合題意；B選項(xiàng)“與麥當(dāng)勞的模式不同”說法錯(cuò)誤，兩者在商業(yè)模式上相同；C選項(xiàng)“顯示了全球化的反面”說法錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“融合了文化差異”文中沒有提到。

43.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題意定位到文章的第二、三段。二、三段主要描述了兩種商業(yè)思想流派。A選項(xiàng)“二者都建議公司應(yīng)該根據(jù)個(gè)人文化來調(diào)整商業(yè)方法”說法錯(cuò)誤，這只是第二種流派的建議；B選項(xiàng)“兩者都主張?jiān)诓煌膰?guó)家應(yīng)制定不同的政策”也只是第二種流派的建議；C選項(xiàng)“承認(rèn)商業(yè)世界中存在著文化的多樣性”符合題意；D選項(xiàng)“A和B都正確”錯(cuò)誤，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

44.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文可知，文章主要關(guān)心的并不是研究多種文化形態(tài)，而是文化背景對(duì)商業(yè)運(yùn)作的影響。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)文化多樣性研究感興趣的人”不符合文章大意；B選項(xiàng)“與一種以上的文化有聯(lián)系的人”不符合文章大意；C選項(xiàng)“想要出國(guó)旅行的人”不符合文章大意；D選項(xiàng)“想要在國(guó)際范圍內(nèi)經(jīng)營(yíng)生意的人”符合文章大意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

45.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段的第二句“Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.（國(guó)際上成功的公司都有一個(gè)共同的重要品質(zhì)：耐心。）”。A選項(xiàng)“海外收入占總收入的20%以上”只能說明公司很成功，并不是成功的原因；B選項(xiàng)“都有耐心的品質(zhì)”符合題意；C選項(xiàng)“會(huì)跟隨海外本土文化”和D選項(xiàng)“采取國(guó)際化政策”文中都沒有提到，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Inthepresenteconomic（）wecanmakeevengreaterprogressthanpreviously.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.air

B.mood

C.area

D.climate

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)air“空氣，大氣”；B選項(xiàng)mood“情緒，語氣，心境，氣氛”；C選項(xiàng)area“區(qū)域，地區(qū)，面積，范圍”；D選項(xiàng)climate“氣候，風(fēng)氣，思潮，風(fēng)土”，句意：在目前的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境下，我們可以取得比以前更大的進(jìn)步。climate除表示氣候，風(fēng)土外，還可指（社會(huì)）風(fēng)氣，一般（社會(huì)）趨勢(shì)。如：politicalclimate政治風(fēng)氣。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Coldcompresseseasethepainofthephysicalinjury,butonlytimecould______theeffectoftheinsult.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alleviate

B.decelerate

C.缺

D.perish

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)alleviate“減輕，緩和”；B選項(xiàng)decelerate“減速，降低速度”；C選項(xiàng)暫缺；D選項(xiàng)perish“使麻木；毀壞；死亡；毀滅；腐爛；枯萎”。句意：冷敷可以減輕身體受到的傷害，但只有時(shí)間才能______受侮辱的影響。影響應(yīng)用減輕，而不用減速和毀滅，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Conveniencefoodswhicharealreadypreparedforcookingareavailableingrocerystores.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ready

B.approachable

C.probable

D.obtainable

【答案】D

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ready“準(zhǔn)備好的，現(xiàn)成的，迅速的”；B選項(xiàng)approachable“可接近的，可到達(dá)的，易理解的”；C選項(xiàng)probable“很可能的，可信的”；D選項(xiàng)obtainable“能得到的，能獲得的”。句意：現(xiàn)成的方便食品可以在雜貨店買到。Available“可獲得的；可購得的；可找到的；有空的”，所以D選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Theplane（

）,itsbombsexplodingasithittheground.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.smashed

B.crushed

C.plunged

D.crashed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。smash意為“打碎，打破，撞擊”；crush意為“壓壞，壓碎”；plunge意為“暴跌，驟降”；crash意為“碰撞、墜落，墜毀”，根據(jù)習(xí)慣用法，飛機(jī)失事，動(dòng)詞都是用crash。

句意：飛機(jī)墜毀了，其炸彈在撞擊地面時(shí)爆炸。

14.翻譯題

WhatisitthatwemeanbyLiterature?Popularly,andamongstthethoughtless,itisheldtoincludeeverythingthatisprintedinabook.Littlelogicisrequiredtodisturbthatdefinition.Themostthoughtlesspersoniseasilymadeawarethatintheideaofliteratureoneessentialelementissomerelationtoageneralandcommoninterestofman—sothatwhatappliesonlytoalocal,orprofessional,ormerelypersonalinterest,eventhoughpresentingitselfintheshapeofabook,willnotbelongtoLiterature.

Sofarthedefinitioniseasilynarrowed;anditisalsoeasilyexpanded.FornotonlyismuchthattakesastationinbooksnotLiterature;butinversely,muchthatreallyisLiteratureneverreachesastationinbooks.TheweeklysermonsofChristendom,thatvastpulpitliteraturewhichactssoextensivelyuponthepopularmind—towarn,touphold,torenew,tocomfort,toalarm—doesnotattainthesanctuaryoflibrariesintheten-thousandthpartofitsextent.TheDramaagain—as,forinstance,thefinestofShakespeare’splaysinEngland,andmanyleadingAthenianplays—operatedasaliteratureonthepublicmind,andwere(accordingtothestrictestletterofthatterm)publishedthroughtheaudiencesthatwitnessedtheirrepresentationsometimebeforetheywerepublishedasthingstoberead;andtheywerepublishedinthismodeofpublicationwithmuchmoreeffectthantheycouldhavehadasbooksduringagesofcostlycopyingorofcostlyprinting.

【答案】【參考譯文】我們所說的文學(xué)到底是什么呢？一般來說，人們會(huì)不假思索地認(rèn)為一切書中所印之物都是文學(xué)。這種說法經(jīng)不起深究，再粗心的人也很容易意識(shí)到文學(xué)是聯(lián)系著人們普遍興趣的一個(gè)重要因素——僅僅是一個(gè)地方，一個(gè)行業(yè)或者是一個(gè)人的興趣，即使以書本的形式出現(xiàn)也不算是文學(xué)。

文學(xué)的定義很容易受到限制，同樣也很容易被擴(kuò)大。大多數(shù)的書本都不能稱之為文學(xué)，而相反的是，很多真正的文學(xué)卻從未踏入過書本的行列。基督教堂里每個(gè)禮拜的布道詞，數(shù)量巨大的文學(xué)講壇，它們通過告誡、鼓勵(lì)、振奮、安撫或警示對(duì)人們的心理產(chǎn)生了巨大而廣泛的作用，但它們?cè)趫D書館里還占不到千分之一的席位。戲劇也是如此，舉個(gè)例子來說，英國(guó)莎士比亞最優(yōu)秀的戲劇，以及代表所有希臘燦爛文化的劇作早已在它們成為出版物被人傳閱之前就已經(jīng)在大眾面前發(fā)表過了（根據(jù)“發(fā)表”一詞最準(zhǔn)確的意義來講），并且在那個(gè)傳抄和打印價(jià)格都很昂貴的年代里，它們以戲劇的形式發(fā)表而產(chǎn)生的影響遠(yuǎn)勝于書本所造成的影響。

15.翻譯題

Putthefollowing3EnglishsentencesintoChineseand3ChinesesentencesintoEnglish.

因?yàn)椴┛偷膶?shí)質(zhì)只不過是一種“網(wǎng)絡(luò)白志”，即在網(wǎng)頁上按照吋間順序排列個(gè)人信息的一種記錄形式。博客的最大特點(diǎn)就是利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間，發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)主張，最大程度地彰顯個(gè)人的自主性或獨(dú)立性。盡管它正在成為--種越來越重要的文化載體甚至社會(huì)載體，但是無論如何都不可能取代最古老的知識(shí)傳承方式——讀書。

中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日的食俗豐富多彩，且有悠久歷史。剛剛過去的春節(jié)是我國(guó)最最重要的節(jié)日，人們通常從它的前夜——-除夕就開始準(zhǔn)備了。這一天人們一般都會(huì)吃雞、鴨、魚、肉、餃子等。再過幾天就是端午節(jié)了，這個(gè)節(jié)日的重要食俗就是吃粽子(ricedumpling)。而吃月餅則是中秋節(jié)最具代表性的習(xí)俗，人們都喜歡在這天與家人團(tuán)聚，邊飲酒賞月，邊吃月餅。

我要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，我們不能因?yàn)槌晒εe辦了奧運(yùn)會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展較快而太過驕傲自滿。必須認(rèn)識(shí)到，我們只是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家———個(gè)人口大國(guó)、經(jīng)濟(jì)小國(guó)。對(duì)于這么一個(gè)國(guó)家，不管有多么可觀的收入，只要除以13億，立刻就變成很低的人均水平。所以，中國(guó)的發(fā)展道路離真正的富強(qiáng)還很漫長(zhǎng)，萬里長(zhǎng)征才走了幾步??！我們需要一直努力才行！

Itwasa"matchofthecentury"betweenhumanchampionoftheChineseboardgameGoandGoogle'scomputerprogramkickedoffinSeoullastWednesday,whichdrewgreatattention.Google'sartificialintelligencesoftwarehaswonitsthirdstraightmatchagainstagrandmasterofanancientboardgamecalledGo.Google'sprogram,AlphaGo,wonfourgamesandlostoneinaseriesoffiveagainstLeeSedol,who'sconsideredoneoftheworld’sbestGoplayers.ThismeansGooglehassecuredthe$1millioninprizemoneyfromthecompetition,whichitsaysitwilldonatetocharity.ButthiswasaboutmorethanmoneyandbraggingrightsforGoogle.

TheZikaviruswasfirstisolatedin1947fromamonkeyintheZikaforestofUganda.ItshistoricalhomehasbeeninanarrowequatorialbeltstretchingacrossAfricaandintoequatorialAsia.Fordecades,thedisease,transmittedbytheAedesgenusofmosquitoslumbered,affectingmainlymonkeys.Inhumans,Zikaoccasionallycausedamilddiseaseoflowconcern.In2007,ZikaexpandeditsgeographicalrangetocausethefirstdocumentedoutbreakinthePacificislands,intheFederatedStatesofMicronesia.From20132014,4additionalPacificislandnationsdocumentedlargeZikaoutbreaks.

China'sstunningeconomicriseisoneofthebiggestlegendsofthisgeneration.Injustthreedecadessincebeginningtoembracemarketeconomics,Chinahasleftitsdesperatepovertybehindtobecometheworld'stopexportingnation.ThetransformationhasoccurredsoquicklythatmythsandmisperceptionsaboundaboutthechallengesandopportunitiesthatChinaposestoAmericaandtherestoftheworld.

【答案】Thecoreoftheblogsisjustakindof“networkdiary’’，namely,arecordingformofdisplayingthepersonalinformationonthewebpagechronologically.Thebiggestcharacteristicoftheblogistousethenetworkspacetoissueyourownpointofviewandshowyourpersonalindependenceorautonomybythegreatestdegree.Althoughitgraduallybecomesamoreandmoreimportantculturalcarrieroreventhesocialcarrier,nomatterwhat,itcouldnotreplacethemostancientwayofpassingknowledgedownway—readingbooks.

Chinahaswitnessedalonghistoryoftheeatingcustomsoftraditionalfestivals,whichisfullofvariety.TheSpringFestivaljustoverthepastisthemostsignificantfestivalofallinChina.Peoplehavepreparedforitfromeveofit,theNewYear’sEve.Thisday,peoplewouldeatthechicken,duck,fish,meatanddumplings.Inafewmoredays,theDragonBoatFestivaliscoming.Theeatingcustomofthisfestivalistoeattheracedumplings,whiletoeatthemooncakesisthemostrepresentativeeatingcustomoftheMid-autumnFestival.Peoplewouldreunitewiththeirfamilies,drinkingandenjoyingthemoonwhileeatingmooncakes.

IwanttoemphasizethatweshouldnotbetooproudandcomplacentbecauseofthesuccessfulOlympicGamesandtherapideconomicdevelopment.Wemustrealizethatoursisjustadevelopingcountrywithalargepopulationbutweakeconomy.Forthiscountry,anyconsiderableamountoffinancialresource,dividedby1.3billion,becomesaverylowpercapitallevel.Therefore,Chinaisfarawayfromprosperity.Howfewstepsthelongjourneywehavetaken!Wearegoingtobeworkinghard.

上周三，中國(guó)圍棋人類冠軍與谷歌電腦程序在首爾舉行了“世紀(jì)之戰(zhàn)”，引起了廣泛關(guān)注。谷歌的人工智能軟件已經(jīng)連續(xù)第三次擊敗名為Go的古老棋盤游戲的大師。名為“阿爾法狗”的谷歌軟件在和世界最好的圍棋選手李世石的五場(chǎng)比賽以四勝一敗結(jié)束。這意味著谷歌已經(jīng)從競(jìng)賽中獲得了100萬美元的獎(jiǎng)金，并表示將捐贈(zèng)給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。但是這場(chǎng)勝利的意義已經(jīng)超過了獎(jiǎng)金和勝利本身。

塞卡病毒最初是1947年從烏干達(dá)塞卡森林的一只猴子身上分離出來的。它的歷史發(fā)源地是一條狹窄的赤道帶，橫跨非洲，一直延伸到赤道亞洲。幾十年來，這種病毒由伊蚊屬蚊蟲傳播，消無聲息，主要感染猴子。在人類身上，塞卡病毒偶爾會(huì)引起一種低關(guān)注度的輕微疾病。2007年，寨卡病毒擴(kuò)大了地理范圍，導(dǎo)致在太平洋島嶼密克羅尼西亞首次爆發(fā)有記載的疫情。2013年至2014年，又有4個(gè)太平洋島嶼國(guó)家記錄了大規(guī)模寨卡病毒的爆發(fā)。

中國(guó)驚人的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)是這一代人最大的傳奇之一。自開始接受市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)以來的短短三十年里，中國(guó)已經(jīng)擺脫了極度貧困，成為世界上最大的出口國(guó)。這種轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)生得如此之快，以至于出現(xiàn)了大量關(guān)于中國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)和世界其他地區(qū)帶來構(gòu)成威脅的傳說和誤解。

16.單選題

Thevitaminsareneededfor（

）foodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shifting

B.transferring

C.altering

D.transforming

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。shift意為“轉(zhuǎn)移，挪動(dòng)”，指位置的改變，切換；transfer意為“轉(zhuǎn)移，調(diào)動(dòng)”，指的是轉(zhuǎn)換工作、學(xué)習(xí)、搬遷等外在的改變，而物體自身并沒有變；alter意為“改變，更改”，指替換（用一個(gè)替換另一個(gè)）；transform意為“改變”，指形狀、外形的改變，物體本身自己形態(tài)的改變。

句意：維生素是將食物轉(zhuǎn)化為能量和維持身體所必需的。

17.單選題

Duringthenineteenthcentury,themechanizationoffarmingandthefencingofrangelandopenedtheagricultureheartofNorthAmericatointensivedevelopment.Asthenaturalgeographiccenterofthisregion,Chicagobecamethecrossroadsofavasttransportationnetwork.ThegreatwaterwaysystemsoftheMississippiValleyandtheGreatLakeswerelinkedinChicagoin1847,whentheIllinois-MichiganCanalwasopenedtotraffic.Withinthenextyear,raillinesbegantooperatetrainstoandfromthecity.Theriseofagriculturalactivitydemandedfacilitiesforthestorageandmillingofgrain,theslaughteringofcattle,andtheprocessingandshipmentofmeat.Themanufactureoffarmmachinerybranchedoutintothebasicmetal-fabricatingandwoodworkingindustries.Thissoonattractedbanksandotherfinancialinstitutions.FouryearsaftertheendoftheCivilWar,ChicagowasalreadyestablishedasthefocalpointofthelargestsystemofinlandwaterwaysintheworldandthehubofarailnetworkthatextendedtoAtlantic,Gulf,andPacificcoasts.Theproductivepotentialofthecitywasunparalleled,andthepaceofitsindustrialexpansionreachedexplosiveproportions.

1.WhydidChicagoinitiallybegintogrow?

2.WhendidtheIllinois-MichiganCanal’sfirstservicebegin?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itwaslocatedinthemiddleofaproductivearea.

B.Itsindustriesattractedjoblesspeople.

C.Itcouldprovidefoodforalargelocalpopulation.

D.Itswealthyinhabitantsinvestedtheirmoneythere.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.1846

B.1847

C.1848

D.1869

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章的第二句Asthenaturalgeographiccenterofthisregion,Chicagobecamethecrossroadsofavasttransportationnetwork.（作為該地區(qū)的自然地理中心，芝加哥成為一個(gè)巨大交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)的十字路口）可知A選項(xiàng)“它位于生產(chǎn)區(qū)的中間”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章的第三句ThegreatwaterwaysystemsoftheMississippiValleyandtheGreatLakeswerelinkedinChicagoin1847,whentheIllinois-MichiganCanalwasopenedtotraffic.（1847年，密西西比河流域和五大湖的水路系統(tǒng)在芝加哥相連，同年，伊利諾斯州與密歇根州的運(yùn)河通車）可知伊利諾斯州與密歇根州的運(yùn)河于1847年正式開通，因此選B。

18.單選題

Anumberofloopholesstillremaininthecampaigncontributionlaw.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unprofitablesections

B.illogicalcontradictions

C.descriptionsforcheating

D.waysofevadingrules

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。loophole意為“(法律、合同等的)漏洞，空子”；unprofitablesections意為“無利可圖的部分”；illogicalcontradictions意為“不合邏輯的矛盾”；descriptionsforcheating意為“欺騙描述”；waysofevadingrules意為“規(guī)避規(guī)則的方式”。

句意：競(jìng)選捐款法仍然存在一些漏洞。

19.單選題

Theofficermurmuredhisconsent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stuttered

B.nodded

C.mumbled

D.uttered

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。murmur意為“低語，喃喃細(xì)語”；stutter意為“口吃，結(jié)結(jié)巴巴地說”；nod意為“點(diǎn)頭”；mumble意為“嘟噥，低聲說”；utter意為“說，出聲”。

句意：警官低聲表示同意。

20.翻譯題

以前人們常說，英國(guó)人享樂時(shí)也會(huì)郁郁不樂。如今，如果英國(guó)人真有什么樂趣可享的話，情況無疑還會(huì)依然如此，不過英國(guó)的煙酒價(jià)格構(gòu)成了足以令人憂愁的外因。有時(shí)我覺得，這種享樂時(shí)也郁郁不樂的癖性已經(jīng)傳到了大西洋彼岸，我不由得納悶：這么多講英語的人身體又健康，收入又豐厚，怎么人生觀卻如此消沉。

我在美國(guó)旅行期間，注意到了一種根深蒂固的憂郁癥。我覺得這種憂郁癥似乎極其普遍，這就給社會(huì)改革家出了難題。大多數(shù)社會(huì)改革家認(rèn)為，若是消除了貧困，有了經(jīng)濟(jì)保障，太平盛世就會(huì)到來。但是，無論在貴國(guó)還是在蔽國(guó)，看著坐在豪華轎車?yán)锏娜藗兊拿婵?，卻見不到社會(huì)改革家引導(dǎo)人們期待的那種喜氣洋洋的神情。相反，十有八九，我看到的是一副厭倦不滿的神情，以及一種近似瘋狂的渴望，想找點(diǎn)東西吊起早已發(fā)膩的胃口。

【答案】【參考譯文】ItusedtobesaidthatEnglishpeopletaketheirpleasuresadly.Thiswouldnodoubtstillbethecasetodayiftheyhadanypleasuretotake,butthepriceofalcoholandtobaccoinBritishhasprovidedsufficientexternalcausesformelancholy.IhavesometimesthoughtthatthehabitoftakingpleasuresadlyhascrossedtheAtlantic,andIhavewonderedwhatitisthatmakessomanyEnglish-speakingpeoplesomberintheiroutlookinspiteofgoodhealthandagoodincome.

DuringmytravelsintheAmerica,Ihavebeenimpressedbyakindoffundamentalmalaisewhichseemstomeextremelycommonandwhichposesdifficultproblemsforthesocialreformer.Mostsocialreformershaveheldtheopinionthat,ifpovertywereabolishedandtherewerenomoreeconomicinsecurity,themillenniumwouldhavearrived.ButwhenIlookatthefacesofpeopleinluxurycars,whetherinyourcountryorinmine,Idonotseethatlookofradianthappinesswhichtheaforesaidsocialreformershadledpeopletoexpect.Inalllikelihood,onthecontrary,Iseeinsteadalookofboredomanddiscontentandanalmostfranticlongingforsomethingthatmightticklethejadedpalate.

21.單選題

Thesurgicalinstrumentshavetobe（

）beforeusetopreventinfection.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.heated

B.scalded

C.sterilized

D.burned

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。heat意為“加熱，變熱”；scald意為“燙傷”；sterilize意為“消毒，滅菌”；burn意為“燃燒”。由句中后面的目的狀語topreventinfection（為了預(yù)防感染）可知Thesurgicalinstruments（手術(shù)器械）應(yīng)該消毒，因此選C。

句意：手術(shù)器械使用前必須消毒，以防感染。

22.單選題

StandingontherimoftheGrandCanyon,gazingacrossthisgiantwoundintheEarth’ssurface,avisitormightassumethatthecanyonhadbeencausedbysomeancientconvulsion.Infact,theeventsthatproducedthecanyon,farfrombeingsuddenandcataclysmic,simplyadduptotheslowandorderlyprocessoferosion.

Manymillionsofyearsago,theColoradoPlateauintheGrandCanyonareacontained1,000morefeetofrockthanitdoestodayandwasrelativelylevel.Theadditionalmaterialconsistedofsome14layeredfonnationsofrock.IntheGrandCanyonregiontheselayerswerelargelywornawayoverthecourseofmillionsofyears.

Approximately65millionyearsagotheplateau’sflatsurfaceintheGrandCanyonareabulgedupwardfrominternalpressure;geologistsrefertothisbulgingactionasupwarping;itwasfollowedbyageneralelevationofthewholeColoradoPlateau,aprocessthatisstillgoingon.Astheplateaugraduallyrose,shallowriversthatmeanderedacrossitbegantorunmoreswiftlyandcutmoredefinitecourses.Oneoftheserivers,locatedeastoftheupwarp,wastheancestoroftheColorado.AnotherriversystemcalledtheHualapai,flowingwestoftheupwarp,extendeditselfeastwardbycuttingbackintotheupwarp;iteventuallyconnectedwiththeancientColoradoandcaptureditswaters.Thenewriverthenbegantocarveoutthe277-miIe-longtrenchthateventuallybecametheGrandCanyon.Geologistsestimatethatthisinitialcuttingactionbegannoearlierthan10millionyearsago.

Sincethen,thecanyonforminghasbeencumulative.Tothecorrosiveforceoftheriveritselfhavebeenaddedotherfactors.Heatandcold,rainandsnow,alongwiththevaryingresistanceoftherocks,increasetheopportunitiesforerosion.Thecanyonwallscrumble;theriveracquiresacuttingtool,tonsofdebris;rainfallrunningoffthehighplateaucreatesfeederstreamsthatcarvesidecanyons.Pushingslowlybackwardintotheplateau,thesidecanyonsexposenewrocks,andthepatternoferosioncontinues.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.InthefirstsentencetheauthorreferstotheGrandCanyonasa“wound”toindicatethat（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingconclusionsabouttheGrandCanyoncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Patternsoferosionindifferentmountainranges.

B.ForcesthatmadetheGrandCanyons.

C.TheincreasingpollutionoftheColoradoRiver.

D.ThesuddenappearanceoftheGrandCanyon.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itwascausedbysomeancientconvulsion

B.itspresenceisanembarrassmenttotheStateofColorado

C.itlookslikeaninjuryontheEarth’ssurface

D.itiscausedmanyvisitorstoinjurethemselves

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itscontoursareconstantlychanging.

B.Itcontainsapproximately14milliontonsofrock.

C.Itseruptionshaveincreasedinrecentyears.

D.Itisbeingerodedbytoxicwasteandpollutants.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段介紹了大峽谷主要是由于緩慢而有序的侵蝕作用形成；第二三段對(duì)大峽谷形成的原因和過程進(jìn)行了仔細(xì)分析；最后一段進(jìn)一步介紹大峽谷的進(jìn)一步形成是由于各種力的作用。因此B選項(xiàng)“大峽谷形成的各種力”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的StandingontherimoftheGrandCanyon,gazingacrossthisgiantwoundintheEarth’ssurface,avisitormightassumethatthecanyonhadbeencausedbysomeancientconvulsion.（站在大峽谷的邊緣，凝視著地球表面這個(gè)巨大的傷痕，游客可能會(huì)認(rèn)為峽谷是由一些古老的震動(dòng)造成的）可知C選項(xiàng)“看上去像是地球表面的傷痕”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Pushingslowlybackwardintotheplateau,thesidecanyonsexposenewrocks,andthepatternoferosioncontinues.（緩慢地向后推進(jìn)高原，旁邊的峽谷露出新的巖石，侵蝕模式繼續(xù)進(jìn)行）可知大峽谷的輪廓在不斷變化，因此選A。

23.單選題

Eventhoughhewasguilty,the（

）judgedidnotsendhimtoprison.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.merciful

B.impartial

C.conscientious

D.conspicuous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。merciful意為“仁慈的，寬恕的，溫和的”；impartial意為“公正的，不偏不倚的”；conscientious意為“一絲不茍的，認(rèn)真的”；conspicuous意為“明顯的”。由前面eventhough（即使，縱然）引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中的guilty和主句中的didnotsendhimtoprison表示thejudge是仁慈的，因此選A。

句意：即使他有罪，仁慈的法官也沒有把他送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。

24.翻譯題

Informulatinghypotheses,acommonerroristheuncriticalacceptanceofapparentcommonsensebutuntestedassumptions.Thusinthefieldofpsychology,itwasformanyyearsautomaticallyassumedthatthemaincauseofforgetfulnessistheintervaloftimeelapsingbetweensuccessiveexposurestoalearningstimulus.Experimentation,however,wassubsequentlyundertaken,an