2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-華東交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)96

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-華東交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Iwasshockedtofindafrontstorythatwasmore（）initsnaturethanitwasinformative.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sentimental

B.sensitive

C.sensational

D.sensible

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sentimental“傷感的，情感的”，B選項(xiàng)sensitive“敏感的，善解人意的”，C選項(xiàng)sensational“轟動(dòng)的，聳人聽聞的”，D選項(xiàng)sensible“明智的，理智的”。句意：當(dāng)我發(fā)現(xiàn)一篇頭版報(bào)道在本質(zhì)上比它提供的信息更敏感時(shí)，我感到震驚。因此，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.單選題

Whoeverformulatedthetheoryoftheoriginoftheuniverse,itisjust（）andneedsproving.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.spontaneous

B.hypothetical

C.intuitive

D.empirical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)spontaneous“自發(fā)的，無(wú)意識(shí)的”；B選hypothetical“假設(shè)的”；C選項(xiàng)intuitive“直覺(jué)的”；D選項(xiàng)empirical“經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的”。根據(jù)句意：無(wú)論誰(shuí)提出了宇宙起源的理論，那都只是假設(shè)，需要證明。選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。

3.單選題

Immigrationofficialshavetobeverycarefulindecidingwhetherto（）alloronlysomeofthoseillegalimmigrants.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dissolve

B.deport

C.distract

D.detect

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)dissolve“解散，使溶解”，B選項(xiàng)deport，“驅(qū)逐出境，放逐”，C選項(xiàng)“轉(zhuǎn)移，分散”，D選項(xiàng)detect“察覺(jué)，發(fā)現(xiàn)”。句意：移民官員在決定是將全部非法移民驅(qū)逐出境還是僅將部分非法移民驅(qū)逐出境時(shí)必須非常謹(jǐn)慎。因此,B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.單選題

Thereisgrowing（）amongecologiststhatbiodiversitycannotbeadequatelyconservedbyprotectedareasalone.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consensus

B.concession

C.conception

D.contention

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)consensus“共識(shí)，一致”，B選項(xiàng)concession“讓步，妥協(xié)”，C選項(xiàng)conception“構(gòu)想，懷孕”，D選項(xiàng)contention“爭(zhēng)論，觀點(diǎn)”。句意:生態(tài)學(xué)家們?cè)絹?lái)越一致認(rèn)為，僅靠保護(hù)區(qū)是不能充分保護(hù)生物多樣性的。因此，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

5.單選題

Theathletehasbeenaccusedof（）hisperformancewithillegaldrugs,buthefirmlydeniesthecharges.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.enhancing

B.tendering

C.diluting

D.dispensing

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)enhancing“提高”；B選項(xiàng)tendering“提議”；C選項(xiàng)diluting“稀釋”；D選項(xiàng)dispensing“配發(fā)”。句意：這位運(yùn)動(dòng)員被指控使用違禁藥物提高成績(jī)，但他堅(jiān)決否認(rèn)這些指控。本句表示提高成績(jī)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Theideathatboysandgirlshavedifferentlearningstylesseemstobelosingground，buttherearestillmany（）supportersofsingle-sexeducation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compulsory

B.pervasive

C.critical

D.passionate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)compulsory“義務(wù)的，強(qiáng)制的”，B選項(xiàng)pervasive“遍布的，普遍的”，C選項(xiàng)critical“批判性的，關(guān)鍵的”，D選項(xiàng)passionate“狂熱的，熱情的”，句意：認(rèn)為男孩和女孩有不同的學(xué)習(xí)方式的觀點(diǎn)似乎正在失勢(shì)，但仍有許多普遍支持男女分校教育的人。因此，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

7.單選題

Modernliberalopinionissensitivetoproblemsofrestrictionoffreedomandabuseofpower.Indeed,manyholdthatamancanbeinjuredonlybyviolatinghiswill,butthisviewismuchtoonarrow.Itfailstorecognizethegreatdangersweshallfaceintheusesofbiomedicaltechnologythatstemfromanexcessoffreedom,fromtheunrestrainedexerciseofwill.Inmyview,ourgreatestproblemswillbevoluntaryself-degradation,orwillingdehumanization,astheunintendedyetofteninescapableconsequenceofsternlyandsuccessfullypursuingourhumanizationgoals.

Certaindesiresandperfectedmedicaltechnologieshavealreadyhadsomedehumanizingconsequences.Improvedmethodsofresuscitation(復(fù)蘇)effortstosavetheseverelyillandinjured.Yettheseeffortsaresometimesonlypartlysuccessful.Theysucceedinrescuingindividualsbutthoseindividualsmayhaveseverebraindamageandbecapableofonlyaless-than-human,vegetatingexistence.Suchpatientsfoundwithincreasingfrequencyintheintensivecareunitsofuniversityhospitals,havebeendeniedadeathwithdignity.Familiesareforcedtosufferseeingtheirbelovedonessoreducedandaremadetobeartheburdenofaprolonged“deathwatch”.

Eventheordinarymethodsoftreatingdiseaseandprolonginglifehavechangedthecontextinwhichmendie.Fewerandfewerpeopledieinthefamiliarsurroundingsofhomeorinthecompanyoffamilyandfriends.Atthattimeoflifewhenthereisperhapsthegreatestneedforhumanwarmthandcomfort,thedyingpatientiskeptcompanybycardiacpacemakersanddefibrillators,respiratorsaspirators,oxygenators,cathetersandhisintravenousdrip.Tiestothecommunityofmenarereplacedbyattachmentstoanassemblageofmachines.

Thisloneliness,however,isnotconfinedtothedyingpatientinthehospitalbed.Considertheincreasingnumberofoldpeoplestillalivethankstomedicalprogress.Asagroup,theelderlyarethemostalienatedmembersofoursociety.Notyetreadyfortheworldofthedead,notdeemedfitfortheworldoftheliving,theyareshuntedaside.Moreandmoreofthemspendfortheextrayearsmedicinehasgiventhemin“homesforseniorcitizens”,inhospitalsforchronicdiseases,andinnursinghome—waitingfortheend.Wehavelearnedhowtoincreasetheiryears,butwehavenotlearnedhowtohelpthemenjoytheirdays.Yetwecontinuetobravelyandsternlypushbackthefrontieragainstdeath.

1.Whatisthemainpointofthepassage?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,biomedicaltechnology（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtoparagraph2?

4.Bysaying“theyareshuntedaside”(lines3,para.4),theauthormeans（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theproblemofrestrictionoffreedom.

B.Thepossibledehumanizingconsequenceofmedicaltechnology.

C.Thedevelopmentofbiomedicaltechnology.

D.Thesignificanceofprolonginghuman’slife.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.resultsinanexcessiveuseoffreedoms

B.bringslittlebenefitstohumanbeings

C.shouldnotbeappliedinmedicaltreatment

D.mightcausegravenegativeconsequencesinitsapplication

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Improvedmedicaltechnologycansaveextremelyseverepatient.

B.Somepatients,thoughsaved,cannolongerleadanormalhumanlife.

C.Familiesoftensufferwhensomepatientsmaintainavegetatingexistence.

D.Toapatient,survivalisalwaysbetterthandeath.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyareallsenttohomesforseniorcitizens

B.theyarecompletelyisolatedfromtheoutsideworld

C.theyaretreatedwithextremeindifference

D.theyareshutfromtheirfamilies

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章開頭說(shuō)到ourgreatestproblemswillbevoluntaryself-degradation,orwillingdehumanization（我們最大的問(wèn)題將是自愿的自我退化，或自愿的非人性化），接下來(lái)介紹了醫(yī)療技術(shù)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生的一些非人性化后果，可知文章的主題是醫(yī)療技術(shù)造成的非人性化。因此B選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)療技術(shù)可能造成的非人性化后果”最符合文章主旨。A選項(xiàng)“限制自由的問(wèn)題”，文章提到這些危險(xiǎn)源于過(guò)度的自由，可知不是限制自由的問(wèn)題，所以A錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“生物醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展”只說(shuō)了技術(shù)發(fā)展的一方面，沒(méi)有說(shuō)它帶來(lái)的后果，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“延長(zhǎng)人類生命的意義”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第三句Itfailstorecognizethegreatdangersweshallfaceintheusesofbiomedicaltechnology（它沒(méi)有意識(shí)到我們?cè)谑褂蒙镝t(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)時(shí)將面臨的巨大危險(xiǎn)），說(shuō)明生物醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)可能在使用中產(chǎn)生危險(xiǎn)的后果。因此D選項(xiàng)“可能在其應(yīng)用中造成嚴(yán)重的負(fù)面后果”正確。A選項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致了對(duì)自由的過(guò)度使用”，由thatstemfromanexcessoffreedom（這些危險(xiǎn)源于過(guò)度的自由）可知是過(guò)度的自由導(dǎo)致了生物醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)帶來(lái)危害，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)人類幾乎沒(méi)有好處”，文章說(shuō)到它們成功地拯救了一些個(gè)體，可知還是有一定好處的，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“不適用于醫(yī)療”，文中介紹了生物醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)在醫(yī)療上的應(yīng)用，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

3.推理判斷題。由A選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“severepatient”可以定位到第二段第二句Improvedmethodsofresuscitationeffortstosavetheseverelyillandinjured…Theysucceedinrescuingindividuals（改進(jìn)的復(fù)蘇方法努力挽救重癥病人和重傷患者……它們成功地拯救了一些個(gè)體），說(shuō)明改進(jìn)的醫(yī)療技術(shù)可以挽救一些重癥病人，所以A選項(xiàng)“改進(jìn)的醫(yī)療技術(shù)可以挽救極其嚴(yán)重的病人”表述正確。由B選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“normalhumanlife”可以定位到文章第二段第四句Theysucceedinrescuingindividualsbutthoseindividualsmayhaveseverebraindamageandbecapableofonlyaless-than-human,vegetatingexistence.（它們成功地拯救了一些個(gè)體，但這些個(gè)體可能有嚴(yán)重的腦損傷，只能過(guò)一種不像人類那樣的植物人生活。），說(shuō)明有些病人雖然能得救，但不能過(guò)上正常人的生活，所以B選項(xiàng)“有些病人雖然得救了，但不能再過(guò)正常人的生活了”表述正確。由C選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“Families”可以定位到第二段第六句Familiesareforcedtosufferseeingtheirbelovedonessoreduced（家人被迫忍受他們心愛(ài)的人如此墮落的痛苦），說(shuō)明病人家屬們看到病人過(guò)著植物人的生活會(huì)感到很痛苦，所以C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)一些病人維持著植物人的生活時(shí)，他們的家人常常會(huì)感到痛苦?！北硎稣_。D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)病人來(lái)說(shuō)，活下來(lái)總是比死亡好”在第二段中沒(méi)有提及，所以本題選D選項(xiàng)。

4.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“theyareshuntedaside”可以定位到文章第四段第四句Notyetreadyfortheworldofthedead,notdeemedfitfortheworldoftheliving,theyareshuntedaside.（還沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好進(jìn)入死人的世界，也沒(méi)有被認(rèn)為適合活人的世界，他們就被分流到一邊。），前一句說(shuō)到Asagroup,theelderlyarethemostalienatedmembersofoursociety.（老年人是我們社會(huì)中最受冷落的群體。），說(shuō)明老年人很不被重視。因此C選項(xiàng)“他們極度不受重視”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們都被送到了老人之家”，由文章可知有些老人還被送到了慢性病醫(yī)院、養(yǎng)老院等地，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“他們完全與外部世界隔離”，D選項(xiàng)“他們被家人拒之門外”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以B，D錯(cuò)誤。

8.單選題

Beingabletospeaktwolanguagesfluentlyisnotenoughforapersontobecomea（）interpreter.Learninghowtospeakandlistenisalsoessential.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tranquil

B.futile

C.merciful

D.simultaneous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)tranquil“平靜的”；B選項(xiàng)futile“無(wú)效的”；C選項(xiàng)merciful“仁慈的”；D選項(xiàng)simultaneous“同時(shí)的”。句意：能夠流利地說(shuō)兩種語(yǔ)言是不足以讓一個(gè)人成為同聲口譯員的。學(xué)會(huì)說(shuō)和聽也很重要。本句表示同聲傳譯。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.翻譯題

HealthyFood

Anactivelifestyleandahealthy,fish-richdietarenotonlygoodforyourheart,theymayalsohelptacklethememorylossassociatedwitholdage,twoleadingneuroscientistssaidonWednesday.

Aspeoplelivelonger,findingwaysofhaltingthedeclineinmentalagilityisbecomingincreasinglyimportant,saidProfessorIanRobertson,directoroftheInstituteofNeuroscienceatTrinityCollegeDublin.

“Thebiggestthreattobeingabletofunctionwellandproperlyisourbrains,”hetoldjournalists.

“Thereisverystrongevidence,particularlyintheover-50s,thatthedegreetowhichyoumaintainyourmentalfacultiesdependsonahandfulofquitesimpleenvironmentalfactors,”hesaid.

Thosewhoremainedphysicallyfit,avoidedhighstresslevelsandenjoyedarichandvariedsociallifearebetterequippedtostayalertastheyage.Mentalstimulation,learningnewthingsandsimplythinkingyoungalsohelp.

【答案】健康的食物

美國(guó)兩位著名的神經(jīng)科學(xué)家于本周三稱，積極的生活方式，健康的、富含魚類的飲食不僅對(duì)心臟有好處，還有助于解決因年老而導(dǎo)致的記憶喪失問(wèn)題。

都柏林三一學(xué)院神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所主任伊恩?羅伯遜教授說(shuō)，隨著人類的壽命越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)，尋找能夠阻止人類思維敏捷度下降的方法正變得越來(lái)越重要。

他告訴記者：“對(duì)身體機(jī)能正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的最大威脅是我們的大腦?！?/p>

他說(shuō)：“有強(qiáng)有力的證據(jù)表明，一個(gè)人能否保持良好的智力水平取決于一些非常簡(jiǎn)單的環(huán)境因素，對(duì)那些50歲以上的人來(lái)說(shuō)尤其如此?！?/p>

那些身體健康、能避免高壓力、享受豐富多彩的社交生活的人，在他們上了年紀(jì)后，頭腦會(huì)更清醒。精神刺激、學(xué)習(xí)新事物和保持年輕的心態(tài)也有幫助。

10.單選題

Therearefaultswhichagereleasesusfrom,andtherearevirtueswhichturntoviceswiththelapseofyears.Theworstoftheseisthrift,whichinearlyandmiddlelifeiswisdomanddutytopracticeforaprovisionagainstdestitution.Astimegoesonthisvirtueisapttoturnintotheugliest,cruelest,shabbiestofthevices.Thenthevictimofitfindshimselfstoringpastallprobableneedofsavingforhimselforthosenexthim,tothedeprivationoftheremoterkinoftherace.Intheearliertimewhengainwassymbolizedbygoldorsilver,themiserhadasensualjoyinthetouchofhisriches,inhearingthecoinsclinkintheirfallthroughhisfingersandingloatingupontheirincreasesensibletothehandandeye.Thenthemiserhadhisplaceamongthegreatfiguresofmisdoing;hewasofadramaticeffect,likeamurdererorarobberandsomethingofthisbaddistinctionclungtohimevenwhenhiscoinshadchangedtopapercurrency,theclean,whitenotesoftheonlyEnglishbank,orthegreenbacks,ofourinnumerablebanksofissue;butwhenthesenseofricheshadbeentransmutedtothebalanceinhisfavorathisbanker’s,orthebondsinhisdraweratthesafety-depositvault,allsplendorhadgoneoutofhisvice.Hisbademinencewasgone,butheclungtothelustofgainwhichhadrankedhimwiththepicturesquewrong-doers,andwhichonlyruinfromwithoutcouldsavehimfrom,unlesshegavehisremnantofstrengthtosavinghimselffromit.Mostagingmenaresensibleofallthis,butfewhavethefranknessofthatagingmanwhooncesaidthathewhodiedrichdieddisgraced,anddiedtheotherdayinthecomparativepovertyoffiftymillions.

1.Thisshortpassageismainlytotellthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,oneisthoughtviciouswhenhe（）.

3.Theitalicizedexpression“gloatingupon”probablymeans（）.

4.Thewords“inthecomparativepovertyoffiftymillions”attheendofthepassagesuggestsanotionthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.manbecomesincreasinglygreedywhengettingold

B.amisercanbehonestifhedoesnowrongact

C.agecanhelpconvertsomevirtueintovice

D.misersallstartedfromtryingtobethrifty

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.gathersupmoneyatthesacrificeofallhisfamilymembers

B.practicesendlessthriftytoguardhispeoplefrompoverty

C.storescontinuouslyforhisownandhisrelatives’needs

D.savestoomuchbutwouldn’tspenditforthenecessary

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thinkingwithslightguilt

B.seeingwithmuchsatisfaction

C.touchingwithgreatawe

D.hearingwithlittledelight

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.stinginessmaycauseaveryrichmantodieverypitiful

B.richpeoplemaystilltake50millionascomparativelittle

C.oneremainsdiscontentwithallhehasgaineduntilhisdeath

D.therichareinconsiderateofthemajoritythatliveinpoverty

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章的中心句是第一句Therearefaultswhichagereleasesusfrom,andtherearevirtueswhichturntoviceswiththelapseofyears.（有些缺點(diǎn)會(huì)隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而消失，有些美德會(huì)隨著歲月的流逝而變成惡習(xí)。），接著文章以節(jié)儉為例說(shuō)明主題。因此C選項(xiàng)“年齡可以使美德變?yōu)樾皭骸闭_。A選項(xiàng)“人越老越貪婪”和原文隨著歲月的流逝節(jié)儉變成惡習(xí)的意思混淆，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“如果守財(cái)奴沒(méi)有做錯(cuò)事，他也可以是誠(chéng)實(shí)的”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“吝嗇鬼都是從努力節(jié)儉開始的”是文中的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，不能概括文章主旨，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第四句Thenthevictimofitfindshimselfstoringpastallprobableneedofsavingforhimselforthosenexthim,tothedeprivationoftheremoterkinoftherace.（有這種陋習(xí)的人發(fā)現(xiàn)他們自己不斷地儲(chǔ)存，致使其他遠(yuǎn)親們一無(wú)所獲。），說(shuō)明被視為罪惡的原因是只顧自己積蓄，不幫助其他遠(yuǎn)親。因此D選項(xiàng)“儲(chǔ)蓄太多，但不愿花在必要的地方”正確。A選項(xiàng)“犧牲所有的家庭成員來(lái)攢錢”，B選項(xiàng)“孜孜不倦地節(jié)儉以保護(hù)他的人民免受貧困”，C選項(xiàng)“不斷地儲(chǔ)存以滿足自己和親戚的需要”均不是被視為罪惡的原因，所以A，B，C錯(cuò)誤。

3.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第五句Intheearliertimewhengainwassymbolizedbygoldorsilver,themiserhadasensualjoyinthetouchofhisriches,inhearingthecoinsclinkintheirfallthroughhisfingersandingloatingupontheirincreasesensibletothehandandeye.（在早期，財(cái)富是以金或銀作為象征的，當(dāng)守財(cái)奴接觸到自己的財(cái)富時(shí)，聽到硬幣從他的手指間叮當(dāng)作響地掉下時(shí)，就會(huì)感到一種感官上的快樂(lè)，而且還會(huì)因?yàn)橛矌诺脑黾佣凑醋韵?。），說(shuō)明“gloatingupon”在這里的意思是滿意地看到自己的財(cái)富增加。因此B選項(xiàng)“滿意地看到”正確。A選項(xiàng)“帶著輕微的負(fù)罪感思考”，C選項(xiàng)“充滿敬畏地觸摸”，D選項(xiàng)“聽著不太高興”不符合原文的意思，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一句Mostagingmenaresensibleofallthis,butfewhavethefranknessofthatagingmanwhooncesaidthathewhodiedrichdieddisgraced,anddiedtheotherdayinthecomparativepovertyoffiftymillions.（大多數(shù)上了年紀(jì)的人都明白吝嗇的下場(chǎng)，但是沒(méi)幾個(gè)人像那位老人一樣坦率地說(shuō)過(guò)，富人死得并不體面，他死時(shí)雖然有五千萬(wàn)的財(cái)富，但相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)，他精神上是十分貧困的。），說(shuō)明這句話暗示的內(nèi)容是雖然吝嗇的人可能會(huì)非常富有，但他們死去時(shí)的處境也是很可憐的。因此A選項(xiàng)“吝嗇可能會(huì)使一個(gè)非常富有的人死得很可憐”正確。B選項(xiàng)“富人可能仍然覺(jué)得五千萬(wàn)很少”，C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人直到死前都不滿足于他所得到的一切”，D選項(xiàng)“富人不考慮大多數(shù)生活在貧困中的人”的說(shuō)法均太籠統(tǒng)，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

11.單選題

BecausepartsofthecontinentofSouthAfricaarestillcoveredwiththickforests,（）tosomepartsofitisstilldifficult.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.orientation

B.voyage

C.procession

D.access

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)orientation“方向，定向”；B選項(xiàng)voyage“航行”；C選項(xiàng)procession“隊(duì)伍，行列”；D選項(xiàng)access“通道，入口”。根據(jù)句意：由于南非大陸的一些地區(qū)仍然覆蓋著茂密的森林，進(jìn)入其中一些地區(qū)仍然很困難。表示通往某地的入口用access，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

12.單選題

Heraisedhiseyebrowsandstuckhisheadforwardand（）itinasinglenod,agestureboysusedthenforO.K.whentheywerepleased.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shrugged

B.tugged

C.jerked

D.twisted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)shrugged“聳肩”；B選項(xiàng)tugged“用力拖，拉”；C選項(xiàng)jerked“使猝然一動(dòng)，猛拉”；D選項(xiàng)twisted“使纏繞”。句意：他揚(yáng)起眉毛，把頭向前探了探，猛地點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭，這是當(dāng)時(shí)男孩們高興時(shí)用來(lái)表示“OK”的手勢(shì)。本句表示猛地點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Thetopmanagersarefullof（）towardthesalesvolumeofmobilephonesnextyear.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.curiosity

B.optimism

C.passion

D.attitude

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)curiosity“好奇心，求知欲”，B選項(xiàng)optimism“樂(lè)觀，樂(lè)觀主義”，C選項(xiàng)passion“激情，熱情”，D選項(xiàng)attitude“態(tài)度，看法”，句意：高級(jí)經(jīng)理們對(duì)明年的手機(jī)銷量非常樂(lè)觀。因此，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

14.單選題

Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber.Alllivingcreatures,especiallyhumanbeings,havetheirpeculiarities,buteverythingaboutthelittleseacucumberseemsunusual.Whatelsecanbesaidaboutabizarreanimalthat,amongothereccentricities,eatsmud,feedsalmostcontinuouslydayandnightbutcanlivewithouteatingforlongperiods,andcanbepoisonousbutisconsideredsupremelyediblebygourmets?

Forsomefiftymillionyears,despiteallitseccentricities,theseacucumberhassubsistedonitsdietofmud.Itisadaptableenoughtoliveattachedtorocksbyitstubefeet(棘皮動(dòng)物的管足)，underrocksinshallowwater,oronthesurfaceofmudflats.CommonincoolwateronbothAtlanticandPacificshores,ithastheabilitytosuckupmudorsandanddigestwhatevernutrientsarepresent.

Seacucumberscomeinavarietyofcolors,rangingfromblacktoreddish-browntosand-colorandearlywhite.Oneformevenhasvividpurpletentacles.Usuallythecreaturesarecucumber-shaped—hencetheirname—andbecausetheyaretypicallyrockinhabitants,thisshape,combinedwithflexibility,enablesthemtosqueezeintocreviceswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrents.

Althoughtheyhavevoraciousappetites,eatingdayandnight,seacucumbershavethecapacitytobecomemotionlessandliveatalowmetabolicrate—feedingsparinglyornotatallforlongperiods,sothatthemarineorganismsthatprovidetheirfoodhaveachancetomultiply.Ifitwerenotforthisfaculty,theywoulddevourallthefoodavailableinshorttimeandwouldprobablystarvethemselvesoutofexistence.

Butthemostspectacularthingabouttheseacucumberisthewayitdefendsitself.Itsmajorenemiesarefishandcrabs.Whenattacked,itsquirtsallitsinternalorgansintothewater.Italsocastsoffattachedstructuressuchastentacles.Theseacucumberwilleviscerateandregenerateitselfwhenitisattackedoreventouched;itwilldothesameifthesurroundingwatertemperatureistoohighorifthewaterbecomestoopolluted.

1.Thepassagemainlydiscusses（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theshapeofseacucumbersisimportantbecause（）.

3.Thefourthparagraphofthepassagemainlydiscuses（）.

4.Ofallthefeaturesoftheseacucumber,whichofthefollowingseemstofascinatetheauthormost?

5.Comparedwithotherseacreaturestheseacucumberisvery（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thereasonfortheseacucumber’sname

B.whatmakestheseacucumberunusual

C.howtoidentifytheseacucumber

D.placeswheretheseacucumbercanbe

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itshelpsthemtodigesttheirfood

B.ithelpsthemtoprotectthemselvesfromdanger

C.itmakesiteasierforthemtomovethroughthemud

D.itmakesthemattractivetofish

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thereproductionofseacucumbers

B.thefoodsourcesofseacucumbers

C.theeatinghabitsofseacucumbers

D.threatstoseacucumbers’existence

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Whatitdoeswhenthreatened

B.Whereitlives

C.Howithidesfrompredators

D.Whatiteats

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.dangerous

B.intelligent

C.fat

D.strange

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段第一句說(shuō)到Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber.（海洋里沒(méi)有比普通海參更奇怪的生物。），而文章的其余部分都是圍繞這句話展開，介紹了海參的種種奇特之處。所以B選項(xiàng)“什么讓海參與眾不同”符合文章的中心主旨。A選項(xiàng)“海參得名的原因”，C選項(xiàng)“如何識(shí)別海參”和D選項(xiàng)“海參可能在的地方”文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A，C，D不正確。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“shape”可以定位到文章第三段最后一句thisshape,combinedwithflexibility,enablesthemtosqueezeintocreviceswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrents（這種形狀，再加上柔韌性，使它們能夠擠進(jìn)裂縫中，在那里它們可以免受捕食者和洋流的傷害。），說(shuō)明海參的形狀能使它們躲避捕食者和洋流的傷害，所以B選項(xiàng)“幫助它們保護(hù)自己免受危險(xiǎn)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“幫助它們消化食物”，C選項(xiàng)“使它們更容易在泥中移動(dòng)”和D選項(xiàng)“使它們對(duì)魚有吸引力”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

3.主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到第四段，第四段第一句說(shuō)到Althoughtheyhavevoraciousappetites,eatingdayandnight,seacucumbershavethecapacitytobecomemotionlessandliveatalowmetabolicrate—feedingsparinglyornotatallforlongperiods（雖然海參食欲旺盛，晝夜不停地進(jìn)食，但它們有能力靜止不動(dòng)，以低代謝率的方式生活——很少進(jìn)食或長(zhǎng)期不進(jìn)食。），可以得知第四段說(shuō)的是海參的進(jìn)食習(xí)慣，所以C選項(xiàng)“海參的進(jìn)食習(xí)慣”符合第四段的中心主旨。A選項(xiàng)“海參的繁殖”，B選項(xiàng)“海參的食物來(lái)源”和D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)海參生存的威脅”在第四段中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“fascinatetheauthormost”可以定位到文章最后一段第一句Butthemostspectacularthingabouttheseacucumberisthewayitdefendsitself.（但海參最引人注目的是它的自衛(wèi)方式。），說(shuō)明作者認(rèn)為海參最吸引人的地方在于它遇到威脅時(shí)的自衛(wèi)方式，所以A選項(xiàng)“它受到威脅時(shí)的做法”正確。B選項(xiàng)“它住在哪里”，C選項(xiàng)“它是如何躲避捕食者的”和D選項(xiàng)“它吃什么”雖然文章中有介紹，但都不是吸引作者的地方，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

5.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“seacreatures”可以定位到第一段第一句Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber.（海洋里沒(méi)有比普通海參更奇怪的生物。），說(shuō)明比起其他海洋生物，海參非常奇怪，所以D選項(xiàng)“奇怪”正確。A選項(xiàng)“危險(xiǎn)”，B選項(xiàng)“聰明”和C選項(xiàng)“肥胖”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A，B，C錯(cuò)誤。

15.單選題

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence—asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,thesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovinglivingstandardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk,”theadvocatesofviolencesay,“allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.”It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.“Possible,mylord,”thebarristerreplied,“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus（）

3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen（）

4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means（）

5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.AdvocatingViolence.

B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.

D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.violenceneversolvesanything.

B.nothing.

C.thebloodshedmeansnothing.

D.everything.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.can’tgetahearing.

B.arelookeddownupon.

C.arepersecuted.

D.havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.

B.Hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.

C.Hegainsnothingafterlistening.

D.Hemakesnosenseoftheargument.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.lawenforcement.

B.knowledge.

C.nonviolence.

D.moppinguptheviolentmess.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段提出有些國(guó)家種族偏見(jiàn)嚴(yán)重，而暴力卻是公認(rèn)的一種解決方法，我們?nèi)匀粵](méi)有認(rèn)識(shí)到，暴力永遠(yuǎn)不能解決問(wèn)題，而是使問(wèn)題更加尖銳。第二段闡述了真正有理智的人在宣揚(yáng)法制，卻遭到輕視和迫害，作者認(rèn)為真正的解決方案不是暴力，而是法制。第三段進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明“交流、對(duì)話”是了解雙方問(wèn)題的前提，而暴力制造了它假裝要解決的罪惡。整篇文章都在闡述不能依靠暴力手段解決歧視問(wèn)題。因此B選項(xiàng)“暴力無(wú)助于消除種族偏見(jiàn)”最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。A選項(xiàng)“提倡暴力”，C選項(xiàng)“雙方的重要人物都認(rèn)為暴力是合法的解決方案”，D選項(xiàng)“人類的本能渴望暴力”，因?yàn)槲恼率遣恍麚P(yáng)暴力的，所以A，C，D都不適合作為標(biāo)題。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Recordedhistory”可以定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第四句“Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.”（整個(gè)有記錄的人類歷史，那冗長(zhǎng)乏味的暴力記錄，沒(méi)有教會(huì)我們?nèi)魏螙|西。），說(shuō)明人類歷史上的暴力記錄沒(méi)有教會(huì)我們?nèi)魏螙|西。因此B選項(xiàng)“什么也沒(méi)有”正確。A選項(xiàng)“暴力永遠(yuǎn)解決不了任何問(wèn)題”和C選項(xiàng)“流血事件毫無(wú)意義”，文中說(shuō)我們還沒(méi)有認(rèn)識(shí)到暴力不能解決問(wèn)題、流血和痛苦毫無(wú)意義，所以歷史上的暴力記錄并沒(méi)有教會(huì)我們這兩點(diǎn)，A，C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“一切”和nothing是相反的，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“reasonablemen”可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.（真正理智的人知道解決辦法在哪里，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)越來(lái)越難得到傾聽。他們被鄙視，不信任，甚至被他們的同類迫害，因?yàn)樗麄兲岢T如執(zhí)法這樣明顯無(wú)法容忍的事情。），說(shuō)明理智的人倡導(dǎo)法制，卻遭到了許多困難。因此D選項(xiàng)“在提倡執(zhí)法方面遭到困難。”正確。A選項(xiàng)“不被聽見(jiàn)”，B選項(xiàng)“被輕視”，C選項(xiàng)“受到迫害”都只是遇到困難的某一個(gè)方面，本質(zhì)上是因?yàn)樗麄兲岢珗?zhí)法，所以A，B，C錯(cuò)誤。

4.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段中It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.（這很像一個(gè)著名律師的故事，他煞費(fèi)苦心地向法官解釋他的案子。聽了他的長(zhǎng)篇辯論，法官抱怨說(shuō)他并沒(méi)有因此而變得聰明些。），說(shuō)明“Hewasnonethewiser”在這里的意思是他聽了之后什么也沒(méi)有得到。因此C選項(xiàng)“聽后無(wú)所得?！狈项}意。A選項(xiàng)“他根本不明智，聽不進(jìn)去”，B選項(xiàng)“他以前一點(diǎn)也不明智”，D選項(xiàng)“他對(duì)這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論毫無(wú)意義”都不能表示他聽后什么也沒(méi)有得到的意思，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.（只要我們?cè)诜煽蚣軆?nèi)工作，真正和持久的解決辦法總是可能的。），說(shuō)明作者認(rèn)為解決種族歧視的最好方法是法制。因此A選項(xiàng)“法制”正確。B選項(xiàng)“知識(shí)”，C選項(xiàng)“非暴力”，D選項(xiàng)“清理暴力的混亂”并不是作者認(rèn)為解決問(wèn)題的最好方法，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

16.單選題

Thesupervisordidn’thavetimesofartogointoit（）,buthegaveusanideaabouthisplan.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.athand

B.inturn

C.inconclusion

D.atlength

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)athand“在手邊，即將到來(lái)”；B選項(xiàng)inturn“輪流，依次”；C選項(xiàng)inconclusion“總之，最后”；D選項(xiàng)atlength“詳細(xì)地”。句意：導(dǎo)師目前沒(méi)有時(shí)間進(jìn)行詳細(xì)說(shuō)明，但他就自己的計(jì)劃給了我們一個(gè)大概的看法。根據(jù)后半部分的“gaveusanidea”可知，選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

17.單選題

Theroleofaprofessional（）istohelptwopartiessolveconflictorappeasedisputethroughskillfuluseoflanguage.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.senator

B.supervisor

C.negotiator

D.mediator

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)senator“參議員”，B選項(xiàng)supervisor“監(jiān)督人，指導(dǎo)者”，C選項(xiàng)negotiator“談判人，協(xié)商者”，D選項(xiàng)mediator“調(diào)停者”，句意：專業(yè)談判者的作用是通過(guò)熟練運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言來(lái)幫助雙方解決沖突或平息爭(zhēng)端。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

18.單選題

Theindomitablespiritdisplayedbyathletesembodiesthenewlookofthisnation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.specific

B.unsubduable

C.determined

D.industrious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)specific“特定的”；B選項(xiàng)unsubduable“不屈不撓的”；C選項(xiàng)determined“堅(jiān)決的”；D選項(xiàng)industrious“勤勉的”。句意：運(yùn)動(dòng)員們不屈不撓的精神體現(xiàn)了這個(gè)國(guó)家的新面貌。劃線部分indomitable是不屈不撓的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Althoughitwashisfirstexperienceaschairman,he（）overthemeetingwithgreatskill.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presided

B.administered

C.mastered

D.executed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)presided“主持”；B選項(xiàng)administered“管理”；C選項(xiàng)mastered“支配”；D選項(xiàng)executed“實(shí)行”。句意：雖然這是他第一次當(dāng)主席，但他還是嫻熟地主持了這次會(huì)議。本句表示主持會(huì)議，只有presided才能與over搭配。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

ResearchersattheUniversityofIllinoisdeterminedthatthe（）ofafathercanhelpimproveachild’sgrades.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.involvement

B.communication

C.interaction

D.association

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)involvement“涉及”；B選項(xiàng)communication“交流”；C選項(xiàng)interaction“交互”；D選項(xiàng)association“協(xié)會(huì)”。句意：易里若斯大學(xué)的研究者們確定父親的介入有助于孩子提高成績(jī)。本句表示父親的介入，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Economicandfinancialglobalizationhaslentimportant（）toeconomicgrowthinrecentdecades,especiallyinemergingmarkets.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.motive

B.impulse

C.impetus

D.promotion

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)motive“動(dòng)機(jī)，原因，目的”，B選項(xiàng)impulse“沖動(dòng)，心血來(lái)潮”，C選項(xiàng)impetus“動(dòng)力，推動(dòng)力，促進(jìn)因素”，D選項(xiàng)promotion“提升，晉級(jí)”，句意:近幾十年來(lái)，經(jīng)濟(jì)和金融全球化為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)提供了重要的推動(dòng)力，特別是在新興市場(chǎng)。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

22.單選題

Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanyculturewill（）totheestablishedstandardsofthatculture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conform

B.confine