2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-新疆大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)80

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-新疆大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Heisverymuchlookingforward（）visitingyourcountry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.by

B.with

C.to

D.at

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查固定搭配。lookingforwardto“期待，盼望”，句意：他非常期待訪問(wèn)貴國(guó)。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Intheevenings,theygotothemall.Onceaweekormore.Sometimes,theyevenleavethedinnerdishesinthesinksotheywillhaveenoughtimetofinishalltheerrands.Thefathernevercomes—hehatesshopping,especiallywithhiswife.Instead,hestaysathometoreadthepaperandputaroundhisstudy.Todothingsthattheotherdadsmustbedoingintheevenings.Tosummonthesandtocomerushinginandpluguphisearswithitsroaringsilence.

Meanwhile,themotherarmsherselfwithreturnsfromthelasttrip.HertwoyoungdaughtersforgetgamesofflashlighttagorfavoriteTVshowsandstrapontennisshoesandseatbelts:andthey’reoff.Onsummernights,whenit’slightuntilafterthefirefliesarrive,theairisheavyandmoist.Thedaughtersunrolltheirwindowsandstickthewholeoftheirheadsoutintotheslatebluesky,feelingfullforcethesweaty,honeysuckleair.Inthecoldmall,theirrubbersolessqueakonshinylinoleumsquares.Theyoungerdaughtertriesnottosteponanycracks.Theolderdaughterkeepsastraight-aheadgaze;hersulleneyescountdowneacherrandasit’sdone.

Itisnotuntilthethirdor,onagoodnight,thefourtherrandthatthetroublebegins.Thegirlshavewanderedovertoexaminerainbowbeachtowels,perhaps,orsomekindofpinkruffledbedspread.Themother’svoicefindsthemfromafewaislesaway.

Dinnersquirmsinthedaughters’stomachs.Nowcomesthatwhat-if-I-threw-up-right-this-second?Orwhere-is-a-rabbit-hole-for-me-to-fall-into?feelingthattheygetaroundthistimeofevening,atthemall.Theolderoneshakesherponytailsattheyoungerone.Herblueeyeshissthecareful-don’t-crywarning,buttheyoungerone’scheeksonlygetredder.Toebytoe,thedaughtersedgetowardshousewareswheretheyfingerlaceplacematsortracepatternsinthestorecarpetwithsneakeredsoles.Themother’svoicestillfindsthem,shakingwithrage.Finally,heelsslappinginhersandals,shestridestowardsthemandthenkeepsgoing.Theyfollow,catchingherword-trail,“Stupidpeople.Stupid,stupid,stupid.IHATEstupidpeople.”It’sthelittleskipsbetweenstepstheyoungeronetakestokeepupwithhermother’stong,angrylegs.It’sthecardoorslammingandtheseatbeltbuckleyankedintoplace.It’sthosethingsthattellthedaughtershowthenextfewhourswillgo.

Inthecar,theolderonesighsandgrindsherbackteeth.Theyoungeronefeelsherfacegethotterandhereyesstarttoswell.Shestaresatanicecreamstainonthebackofthefrontseatandseesapony,aflower,andafairyinthatsplashofchocolatemintchip.Themotherbeginsonbothatonce.“Andwhenwegethome,ifyourshoesarestillintheTVroom,I’mthrowingthemout.Sameforbooks.Nomoreshithouse.Nomorelazy,ungratefulkids.”AndsoonandsoonthroughtheblackvelvetskyandacrosstheHersheybarroads.Onintothehousewithaslaportwo.“You’llbehappywhenI’minmygrave,”wailsatthemastheyputontheirnightgownsandbrushtheirteeth.Theolderonesetsastonejawandtheyoungeronetriesnottosobassheopenswide,engulfinghersmallhandandscrubbingeachandeverymolar.

Thefatherisnotspared.Thevolcanicmothersavessomeupjustforhim.“Fuckinglousyhusband.Do-nothingfather.”Andonlikethatforanhourorsomore.Theninthedarkestpartofthenight,it’sbarefeetandcoolhandsonasmallsweatyforehead.Kissesandcaressesand“SorryMomgotalittlemad.”P(pán)romisesforthatpinkruffledbedspreadormaybeanewstuffedanimal.Longfingersrakethroughtheyoungerone’scurls.“Tomorrowevening,we’llgetyousomekindoftreat.Rightafterdinner,we’llgotothemall.”

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wegettheimpressionthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thetwodaughterseemto（）.

3.Theword“squirms”inthefourthparagraphprobablymeans（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingadjectivesdoseNOTdescribethemother?

5.Whichcategoryofwritingdoesthetextbelongto?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thefatherisinert

B.theirlifeisbustling

C.theeveningareexciting

D.themotherisconstantlynagging

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.enjoytheevening’sshoppinginthebeginning

B.bereluctanttorunerrandswiththemother

C.enjoybrowsingvariouskindofitems

D.begladtohelptheirmotherwithhousework.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.moves

B.squirts

C.wriggles

D.digests

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Irritable

B.Remorseful

C.Amiable

D.Discontented

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Narration

B.Description

C.Persuasion

D.Exposition

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Intheevenings,theygotothemall.Onceaweekormore.Sometimes,theyevenleavethedinnerdishesinthesinksotheywillhaveenoughtimetofinishalltheerrands.（晚上，他們?nèi)ベ?gòu)物中心。一周一次或更多。有時(shí)，他們甚至把晚餐的碗碟放在水槽里，這樣他們就有足夠的時(shí)間完成所有的差事）可以得知B選項(xiàng)“他們的生活是忙碌的”正確，他們?nèi)ベ?gòu)物中心還需要擠時(shí)間，代表他們的生活是忙碌的；根據(jù)題干可以定位到第一段Thefathernevercomes—hehatesshopping,especiallywithhiswife.Instead,hestaysathometoreadthepaperandputaroundhisstudy.Todothingsthattheotherdadsmustbedoingintheevenings.（父親從不來(lái)——他討厭購(gòu)物，尤其是和妻子一起。相反，他待在家里看報(bào)紙，在他的書(shū)房周?chē)Ｗ銎渌职滞砩媳仨氉龅氖虑椋┛梢缘弥狝選項(xiàng)“父親是懶惰的”錯(cuò)誤，根據(jù)這些內(nèi)容我們只能判斷出父親不喜歡購(gòu)物，無(wú)法判斷出父親是否懶惰；C選項(xiàng)以及D選項(xiàng)未在第一段內(nèi)提及。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句N(xiāo)owcomesthatwhat-if-I-threw-up-right-this-second?Orwhere-is-a-rabbit-hole-for-me-to-fall-into?feelingthattheygetaroundthistimeofevening,atthemall.（現(xiàn)在，在她們晚上閑逛商場(chǎng)的時(shí)候，出現(xiàn)了“如果我現(xiàn)在就吐出來(lái)”嗎?還是“哪里有讓我掉進(jìn)的兔子洞?”的感覺(jué)）可以判斷出B選項(xiàng)“不愿意和母親一起跑腿”正確；根據(jù)第二段第二句HertwoyoungdaughtersforgetgamesofflashlighttagorfavoriteTVshowsandstrapontennisshoesandseatbelts:andthey’reoff.（她的兩個(gè)年幼的女兒忘記了手電筒標(biāo)簽游戲或最喜歡的電視節(jié)目，系上網(wǎng)球鞋和安全帶：然后她們就出發(fā)了）以及最后一句Theolderdaughterkeepsastraight-aheadgaze;hersulleneyescountdowneacherrandasit’sdone.（大女兒直視著前方；每做完一件事，她就用陰沉的眼睛數(shù)著）可以得知A選項(xiàng)“一開(kāi)始就享受晚上的購(gòu)物”和C選項(xiàng)“享受瀏覽各種各樣的商品”錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)在文章內(nèi)沒(méi)有提到；因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。A選項(xiàng)“移動(dòng)；感動(dòng)”；B選項(xiàng)“噴射，噴出，擠”；C選項(xiàng)“扭動(dòng)；蠕動(dòng)”；D選項(xiàng)“消化；吸收”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵字squirms可以定位到第四段Dinnersquirmsinthedaughters’stomachs.Nowcomesthatwhat-if-I-threw-up-right-this-second?（晚餐在女兒們的胃里蠕動(dòng)著。現(xiàn)在感受到了“如果我現(xiàn)在就吐出來(lái)”嗎?）可以推測(cè)squirms是蠕動(dòng)的意思，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Thefatherisnotspared.Thevolcanicmothersavessomeupjustforhim.“Fuckinglousyhusband.Do-nothingfather.”Andonlikethatforanhourorsomore.Theninthedarkestpartofthenight,it’sbarefeetandcoolhandsonasmallsweatyforehead.Kissesandcaressesand“SorryMomgotalittlemad.”（父親沒(méi)有幸免。易怒的母親轉(zhuǎn)而對(duì)父親生氣：“他媽的糟糕的丈夫。懶惰的父親?！本瓦@樣持續(xù)了一個(gè)多小時(shí)。然后，在夜晚最黑暗的時(shí)候，她會(huì)光著腳，用涼的手捂著孩子那布滿(mǎn)汗珠的小前額。親吻、愛(ài)撫，并說(shuō)道：“對(duì)不起，媽媽有點(diǎn)生氣了?！保┑弥狝選項(xiàng)“易怒的”，B選項(xiàng)“懊悔的”以及D選項(xiàng)“不滿(mǎn)的”可描述母親，而C選項(xiàng)“和藹可親的”不可，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。Narration即記敘文，把人物的經(jīng)歷和事物的發(fā)展變化過(guò)程表達(dá)出來(lái)的一種表達(dá)方式。它是寫(xiě)作中最基本、最常見(jiàn)，也是最主要的表達(dá)方式，記敘文有六要素：人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件的起因、經(jīng)過(guò)和結(jié)果；Description即描述文，是對(duì)人物的外貌、動(dòng)作，事物的性質(zhì)、形態(tài)和景物的狀貌、變化所作的具體刻畫(huà)和生動(dòng)描?。籔ersuasion不屬于表達(dá)方式；Exposition即說(shuō)明文，是用簡(jiǎn)明的語(yǔ)言、客觀而準(zhǔn)確地解說(shuō)事物或闡述事理的一種表達(dá)方式；本文不屬于說(shuō)明文，也沒(méi)有記敘文的六要素，屬于描述文，通過(guò)文章描述了一位暴躁易怒又容易懊悔的母親的形象，以及一個(gè)壓抑的家庭。因?yàn)锽選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

JamesCook,（）,alsodiscoveredtheHawaiianIslands.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.byexploringtheSouthSeahereachedAustralia

B.exploredtheSouthSeaandreachingAustralia

C.whoexploredtheSouthSeaandreachedAustralia

D.exploredtheSouthSeathenreachedAustralia

【答案】C

【解析】考查從句。C選項(xiàng)做定語(yǔ)從句修飾主語(yǔ)JamesCook，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)explored和reached由and并列，時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)一致，整個(gè)句子代入到題干中無(wú)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。句意：詹姆斯庫(kù)克探索了南海并到達(dá)了澳大利亞，他也發(fā)現(xiàn)了夏威夷群島。A選項(xiàng)中hereachedAustralia是一個(gè)完整句子，代入到題干中，整個(gè)句子出現(xiàn)多個(gè)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，并且沒(méi)有適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞或引導(dǎo)詞，因此A錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)中and后的動(dòng)詞是reaching而and之前的動(dòng)詞是explored，and并列的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞之間的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)不一致，因此錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)表達(dá)的邏輯關(guān)系不正確。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Thereareseveralmeans（）latitudeandlongitude.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.candetermine

B.todetermine

C.bythemcanbedetermined

D.weusethemtodetermine

【答案】B

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。分析句子可知，句中已經(jīng)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞thereare，因此空格處的動(dòng)詞determine應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)形式，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有B項(xiàng)是非謂語(yǔ)形式，故選B。句意：有幾種方法可以確定緯度和經(jīng)度。

5.單選題

Singaporehasonly226squaremilesofkind,butitstandsforemostamongthenationsofSouthEastAsiainhaving（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anannualgrowthratemaintainedofover6%

B.maintainedanannualeconomicgrowthrateofover6%

C.maintainedover6%ofannualeconomicgrowthrate

D.6%ofannualgrowthrateofeconomicsmaintained

【答案】C

【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)辨析。A選項(xiàng)anannualgrowthratemaintainedofover6%“經(jīng)濟(jì)年均增長(zhǎng)保持在6%以上”；B選項(xiàng)maintainedanannualeconomicgrowthrateofover6%“保持年均經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)6倍以上”；C選項(xiàng)maintainedover6%ofannualeconomicgrowthrate“經(jīng)濟(jì)增速保持在6%以上”；D選項(xiàng)6%ofannualgrowthrateofeconomicsmaintained“經(jīng)濟(jì)保持年均6%的增長(zhǎng)速度”。句意：新加坡只有226平方英里的土地，但它在東南亞國(guó)家中擁有重要的地位……，結(jié)合句意，可知選項(xiàng)C正確。

6.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Beforeabigexam,asoundnight’ssleepwilldoyoubetterthanporingovertextbooks.That,atleast,isthefolkwisdom.Andscience,intheformofbehavioralpsychology,supportsthatwisdom.Butsuchbehavioralstudiescannotdistinguishbetweentwocompetingtheoriesofwhysleepisgoodforthememory.Onesaysthatsleepiswhenpermanentmemoriesform.Theothersaysthattheyareactuallyformedduringtheday,butthen“edited”atnight,toflushawaywhatissuperfluous.

Totellthedifference,itisnecessarytolookintothebrainofasleepingperson,andthatishard.Butafteradecadeofpainstakingwork,ateamledbyPierreMaquetatLiegeUniversityinBelgiumhasmanagedtodoit.TheparticularstageofsleepinwhichtheBelgiangroupisinterestedisrapideyemovement(REM)sleep,whenbrainandbodyareactive,heartrateandbloodpressureincrease,theeyesmovebackandforthbehindtheeyelidsasifwatchingamovie,andbrainwavetracesresemblethoseofwakefulness.Itisduringthisperiodofsleepthatpeoplearemostlikelytoreliveeventsofthepreviousdayindreams.

Dr.MaquetusedanelectronicdevicecalledPETtostudythebrainsofpeopleastheypracticedataskduringtheday,andastheysleptduringthefollowingnight.Thetaskrequiredthemtopressabuttonasfastaspossible,inresponsetoalightcomingoninoneofsixpositions.Astheylearnthowtodothis,theirresponsetimesgotfaster.Whattheydidnotknowwasthattheappearanceofthelightssometimesfollowedapattern-whatisreferredtoas“artificialgrammar”.Yetthereductionsinresponsetimeshowedthattheylearntfasterwhenthepatternwaspresentthanwhentherewasnot.

Whatismore,thosewithmoretolearn(i.e.,the“grammar”,aswellasthemechanicaltaskofpushingthebutton)havemoreactivebrains.The“editing”theorywouldnotpredictthat,sincethenumberofirrelevantstimuliwouldbethesameineachcase.Andtoeliminateanydoubtsthattheexperimentalsubjectswerelearningasopposedtounlearning,theirresponsetimeswhentheywokeupwereevenquickerthanwhentheywenttosleep.

Theteam,therefore,concludedthatthenerveconnectionsinvolvedinmemoryarereinforcedthroughreactivationduringREMsleep,particularlyifthebraindetectsaninherentstructureinthematerialbeinglearnt.Sonow,ontheeveofthatcrucialtest,mathsstudentscansleepsoundlyintheknowledgethatwhattheywillrememberthenextdayarethebasicrulesofalgebraandnottheincoherenttalkfromtheradionextdoor.

6.Researchersinbehavioralpsychologyaredividedwithregardto（）.

7.Asmanifestedintheexperimentalstudy,rapideyemovementischaracterizedby（）.

8.Byreferringtotheartificialgrammar,theauthorintendstoshow（）.

9.Intheirstudy,researchersledbyPierreMaquettookadvantageofthetechniqueof（）.

10.WhatadvicemightMaquetgivetothosewhohaveacrucialtestthenextday?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.howdreamsaremodifiedintheircourses

B.thedifferencebetweensleepandwakefulness

C.whysleepisofgreatbenefittomemory

D.thefunctionsofagoodnight’ssleep

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.intenselyactivebrainwavetraces

B.subjects’quickerresponsetimes

C.complicatedmemorypatterns

D.revivalofeventsinthepreviousday

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.itssignificanceinthestudy

B.aninherentpatternbeinglearnt

C.itsresemblancetothelights

D.theimportanceofanight’ssleep

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.exposingalong-heldfolkwisdom

B.clarifyingthepredictionsondreams

C.makingcontrastsandcomparisons

D.correlatingeffectswiththeircauses

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Memorizinggrammarwithgreatefforts.

B.Studytextbookswithcloseattention.

C.Havetheirbrainimagesrecorded.

D.Enjoytheirsleepatnightsoundly.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】6.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文中第一段Butsuchbehavioralstudiescannotdistinguishbetweentwocompetingtheoriesofwhysleepisgoodforthememory.（但是這樣的行為研究并不能區(qū)分為什么睡眠對(duì)記憶力有好處的兩種相互矛盾的理論），所以他們對(duì)為什么睡眠對(duì)記憶力有好處持有不同的觀點(diǎn)，故應(yīng)選C選項(xiàng)“為什么睡眠對(duì)記憶力很有好處”。A選項(xiàng)“夢(mèng)是如何在課程中被修改的”，不符合題意，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“睡眠和清醒的區(qū)別”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)好覺(jué)的作用”，過(guò)于片面，可排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段中指出“…whenbrainandbodyareactive”，大腦積極運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)是眼珠快速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的主要特征，且在第三、四段又再次說(shuō)明。選項(xiàng)B“被研究者更快的反應(yīng)速度”，選項(xiàng)C“復(fù)雜的記憶模式”和選項(xiàng)D“前一天事件的重現(xiàn)”都不是眼球快速運(yùn)動(dòng)的主要特征。故應(yīng)選A“強(qiáng)烈活躍的腦電波痕跡”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。原文的第三段最后Whattheydidnotknow…followedapattern-whatisreferredtoas“artificialgrammar”.Yetthereductionsinresponsetimeshowedthat…說(shuō)明了這種內(nèi)在模式，也就是“artificialgrantor”對(duì)于記憶的重要性。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。這個(gè)題考查的是對(duì)后面幾段的歸納。首先在第三段開(kāi)始Dr.MaquetusedanelectronicdevicecalledPET…theypracticedataskduringtheday,andastheysleptduringthefollowingnight.這是一種對(duì)比性的研究方法。后來(lái)的第四段最后…theirresponsetimeswhentheywokeupwereevenquickerthanwhentheywenttosleep也采用了對(duì)比的分析研究，故應(yīng)選C“對(duì)比與比較”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。這是一個(gè)通篇的中心歸納的考查題。文章一開(kāi)始就指出Beforeabigexam,asoundnight’ssleepwilldoyoubetterthanporingovertextbooks.意思是在晚上好好的睡覺(jué)對(duì)記憶是有好處的。最后作者又歸納了研究的結(jié)果，“…concludedthatthenerveconnectionsinvolvedinmemoryarereinforcedthroughreactivationduringREMsleep…”也說(shuō)明結(jié)構(gòu)性知識(shí)在REM睡眠中是可以鞏固的。故應(yīng)選D。

7.單選題

SincetheGreatDepressionof1929mostcountries（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasmakingasuccessfulrecovery

B.hadmadeasuccessfulrecovery

C.hasmadeasuccessfulrecovery

D.havemadeasuccessfulrecovery

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查時(shí)態(tài)。since表示“自從”時(shí)，通常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。句意：自1929年的大蕭條以來(lái)，大多數(shù)國(guó)家都成功地實(shí)現(xiàn)了復(fù)蘇。因此，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.單選題

AmongtheastronomersofancientGreece,twotheories（）concerningtheplaceoftheearthintheuniverse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.developing

B.indevelopment

C.developed

D.whichtheydeveloped

【答案】C

【解析】語(yǔ)法題?？疾橹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子主語(yǔ)為twotheories（兩種理論），空格后面的“concerning”為動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞做后置定語(yǔ)，因此空格處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有C項(xiàng)可做謂語(yǔ)。句意：古希臘的天文學(xué)家創(chuàng)立了兩種關(guān)于地球在宇宙中的位置的理論。

9.單選題

AsaCongressmanfromOhio,aRepublican,and（）theantiwarmovement,theyoungpoliticianbecamewellblownduringthe1960s.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aleaderof

B.tolead

C.leading

D.liewasleading

【答案】A

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。分析題干可知，空格應(yīng)該跟前面的aCongressman和aRepublican是并列的，因此A項(xiàng)正確。句意：作為俄亥俄州的國(guó)會(huì)議員、共和黨人和反戰(zhàn)運(yùn)動(dòng)的領(lǐng)袖，這位年輕的政治家在20世紀(jì)60年代大受歡迎。

10.單選題

Thepeasants,distributedbytheshiftfromamedievaltoamoderneconomy,hadlongbeeninferment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.poverty

B.turmoil

C.prosperity

D.stability

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)poverty“貧困”；B選項(xiàng)turmoil“騷動(dòng)”；C選項(xiàng)prosperity“繁榮”；D選項(xiàng)stability“穩(wěn)定”。句意：由于中世紀(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)向現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)的轉(zhuǎn)變，農(nóng)民們?cè)缫烟幱隍}動(dòng)之中。劃線部分ferment是騷動(dòng)的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

ThelargestmeteoriteondisplayisintheAmericanMuseuminNewYorkCity（）over34tons.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anditweighs

B.itweighs

C.itsweightis

D.whichitweighs

【答案】A

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。分析題干可知，前面句子已經(jīng)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is，而選項(xiàng)中均有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞weigh，因此前后謂語(yǔ)所在的句子之間需要用并列連詞and連接，故選A項(xiàng)。句意：最大的隕石在紐約的美國(guó)博物館展出，重量超過(guò)34噸。

12.單選題

Ifastarseemstobemovinginawavyline,（）ofbeingadoublestar.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wesuspect

B.thatwesuspect

C.wesuspectit

D.thesuspicion

【答案】C

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。分析題干可知，空格前面是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，空格這句為主句，因此排除B項(xiàng)跟D項(xiàng)。suspect懷疑，猜想（懷疑某事是否存在/某人有錯(cuò)/某事物的真實(shí)性或可靠程度，但對(duì)所疑心的事情往往又缺乏或沒(méi)有證據(jù)；其后除用名詞、代詞外，還用不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、從句，有時(shí)可用of短語(yǔ)作復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)），因此C項(xiàng)正確。句意：如果一顆恒星似乎在波浪線中移動(dòng)，我們懷疑它是一顆雙星。

13.單選題

We（）thatweareunabletoattendthereceptionon18September.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.regret

B.sympathize

C.beg

D.apologize

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞的用法。A選項(xiàng)regret“感到遺憾，惋惜，后悔”，B選項(xiàng)sympathize“同情，贊同，支持”，C選項(xiàng)beg“懇求，祈求，哀求”，D選項(xiàng)apologize“道歉，謝罪，認(rèn)錯(cuò)”。句意：很抱歉我們不能參加9月18日的招待會(huì)。因此，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

14.單選題

Mylittlesisterisnotallowedtoplaywiththechildrennextdoorbecauseoneofthemissufferingfromaninfectiousdisease.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atransferring

B.atouching

C.acontaminating

D.acontagious

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)atransferring“轉(zhuǎn)移”；B選項(xiàng)atouching“感人的”；C選項(xiàng)acontaminating“污染”；D選項(xiàng)acontagious“傳染的”。句意：我的小妹妹不被允許和隔壁的孩子們一起玩，因?yàn)樗麄冎械囊粋€(gè)患了傳染病。劃線部分aninfectious是傳染的意思。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

BernardFoucault（）in1851thattheearthisrotating.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whoproved

B.proved

C.heproved

D.itwasproved

【答案】B

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。分析句子可知，主語(yǔ)是BernardFoucault，空格后面有that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，因此空格處只需要填入一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故選B項(xiàng)。句意：伯納德??？略?851年證明了地球是旋轉(zhuǎn)的。

16.單選題

TheyweretheBoyScouts（）tohelpelderlypeoplecrossthestreet.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whosewasthetask

B.towhomitwasthetask

C.itwaswhosetask

D.whosetaskitwas

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句辨析。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)與題干可知本題考查的是定語(yǔ)從句。句意：他們是童子軍……幫助老人過(guò)馬路。定語(yǔ)從句中的it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式部分，故答案為C項(xiàng)。

17.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Hamletfisharecautiouslovers.Eacheveningattwilight,manytimesaneveninginfact,apairofthemwillleavethesafetyoftheirCaribbeanreefandrushafewyardsofftheseafloor.Positioningthemselvesside-to-side,head-to-tailtheyhurriedlyreleasetheireggsandsperm.Thentheyturnsharplyforhome,leavestheirgametestomixinsilence.IchthyologistPhillipLobelofthewoodsHoleOceanographicinstitutionhasfoundthathamletfishandmanyotherfishemit“criesofecstasy”attheappropriatemoment.

Biologistshavelongknownthatafewfishmakesounds.Thetoadfish,forexample,isnamedforitslowcall,whichcanbeheardevenabovewater.Underwater,however,humanearsdon’tworkwell.Asaresultresearchersdidn’tnoticehowcommonfishcallswereuntilLobelstarteddivingwithavideocameraandanunderwatermicrophonelikethekindtheNavyusestolistenforsubmarines.

Lobelhaslearnedthatthefishplayingtheroleofthemale-hamletfishswitchesrolesfromonetrysttothenext-emitsaseriesofshort,lowsounds.Thefemalerespondswithadownward,sweepingsoundlikeaslidewhistle.Thepurposetothesecalls,saysLobel,isprobablytosynchronizespawning,sothatspermandegghaveafightingchanceofactuallymeetinginthewater.

Then,atthemomentofspawning,thefemalefluttersherpectoralfins,contractsherabdominalmusclestosqueezeouttheeggs,andletsoutasoftcry,whichinpartmaysimplybethesoundofherswimbladdervibratingfromallthatmusclecontraction.“Thesoundisnotascream,it’sonlyasloudasconversation,”saysLobel.

Lobelhassincerecordedsoundsfromabouttwodozenotherfishspecies.Hethinksfishcalls,likesomebirdcalls,maybeameansbywhichfishrecognizesuitablemates,andthatfishofthesamespeciesmayevencommunicateinregionaldialects.“Lotsofpeoplesitandwatchtheirlittlefishintheiraquarium,”Lobelsays,“Well,it’slikelookingatabirdcagebehindsound-proofglass.Thesethingsareallmakingsounds.”

1.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutfishcallsaccordingtothispassage?

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“theappropriatemoment”forfishtoemitcriesofecstasymentionedinthefirstparagraph?

4.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectinferencefromthepassage?

5.Theauthormentionedbirdcallsinthelastparagraphinorder（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.refuteamisconceptionthatfishdon’tmakesounds

B.proveanewdiscovery

C.explainthetimewhenhamletfishmakesounds

D.demonstratethefactthatfishareromanticashumanbeings

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Fishcallsarecommonlyregardedasrare.

B.Someofsoundsproducedbyfisharenotutteredfromtheirmouths.

C.Fishcallsmaybeameansbywhichfishfoundtheirmates.

D.Nosoundscanbeheardfromfishifapersonstandsontheground.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.WhenPhillipLobelwasunderthewaterwithavideocameraandamicrophone.

B.Whenonefishhasatrystwithanother.

C.Whenthespermandeggofthefishhaveachancetomeetinthewater.

D.Whenfisharespawning.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Fewbiologistshavetheideafishmayproducesoundsunderwater.

B.Apersonunderwatermayclearlyhearthecallofanotherperson’sabovewater.

C.Lobel’soriginalintentiontodotheexperimentwastotestwhetherhamletfishwouldproducematingcalls.

D.Ahamletfishmayplaytherolesofbothmaleandfemaleatdifferenttimes.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.todemonstratethatbirdscanbeclassifiedintocertainfishspecies

B.toillustratethatbirds,justlikefish,producecallstofindtheirmates

C.toprovebirdcallsaremorecommonthanfishcalls

D.tofurtherexplainthatfishisakindofanimalthatmayalsomakesoundswhennecessary

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章圍繞著魚(yú)的叫聲展開(kāi)，根據(jù)第二段最后一句Asaresultresearchersdidn’tnoticehowcommonfishcallswereuntilLobelstarteddivingwithavideocameraandanunderwatermicrophonelikethekindtheNavyusestolistenforsubmarines.（因此，研究人員沒(méi)有注意到魚(yú)類(lèi)的叫聲是多么常見(jiàn)，直到Lobel開(kāi)始帶著攝像機(jī)和水下麥克風(fēng)潛水，就像海軍用來(lái)監(jiān)聽(tīng)潛艇的那種），可知B選項(xiàng)“證明一個(gè)新發(fā)現(xiàn)”符合題意，A，D選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有在文章內(nèi)具體提及，C選項(xiàng)只是文章中的某一個(gè)方面，不是文章的目的。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Thetoadfish,forexample,isnamedforitslowcall,whichcanbeheardevenabovewater.（例如，蟾蜍魚(yú)的叫聲很低，即使在水面上也能聽(tīng)到，因此得名。），可知D選項(xiàng)“如果一個(gè)人站在地上，就聽(tīng)不到魚(yú)發(fā)出的聲音?！卞e(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第二段最后一句Asaresultresearchersdidn’tnoticehowcommonfishcallswere...（因此，研究人員沒(méi)有注意到魚(yú)類(lèi)的叫聲是多么常見(jiàn)……）可以得知A選項(xiàng)“魚(yú)的叫聲通常被認(rèn)為是罕見(jiàn)的”正確；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句...whichinpartmaysimplybethesoundofherswimbladdervibratingfromallthatmusclecontraction.（……部分可能只是由于肌肉收縮而產(chǎn)生的膀胱振動(dòng)的聲音）可以得知B選項(xiàng)“有些魚(yú)發(fā)出的聲音不是從嘴里發(fā)出的”正確；根據(jù)最后一段第二句Hethinksfishcalls,likesomebirdcalls,maybeameansbywhichfishrecognizesuitablemates...（他認(rèn)為魚(yú)類(lèi)的叫聲，就像一些鳥(niǎo)的叫聲一樣，可能是魚(yú)類(lèi)識(shí)別合適配偶的一種方式……）可以得知C選項(xiàng)“魚(yú)類(lèi)的叫聲可能是魚(yú)類(lèi)找到配偶的一種方式”正確；因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最后一句Thepurposetothesecalls,saysLobel,isprobablytosynchronizespawning,sothatspermandegghaveafightingchanceofactuallymeetinginthewater.（洛貝爾說(shuō)，這些叫聲的目的可能是為了同步產(chǎn)卵，這樣精子和卵子就有機(jī)會(huì)真正在水中相遇）以及倒數(shù)第二段第一句Then,atthemomentofspawning,thefemalefluttersherpectoralfins,contractsherabdominalmusclestosqueezeouttheeggs,andletsoutasoftcry...（然后，在產(chǎn)卵的那一刻，雌魚(yú)拍打胸鰭，收縮腹部肌肉把卵擠出來(lái)，然后發(fā)出一聲柔和的叫聲……），可知D選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)魚(yú)產(chǎn)卵的時(shí)候”符合題意；A，B，C選項(xiàng)只是文章中提到的內(nèi)容，并不是最好地解釋了第一段提到的魚(yú)發(fā)出狂喜的叫聲的“適當(dāng)時(shí)刻”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Biologistshavelongknownthatafewfishmakesounds.（生物學(xué)家早就知道有一些魚(yú)會(huì)發(fā)出聲音），可知A選項(xiàng)“很少有生物學(xué)家知道魚(yú)在水下也能發(fā)聲”錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)在水下的人可以清楚地聽(tīng)到另一個(gè)人在水面上的呼喚”在原文中未提到，錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第一段最后一句IchthyologistPhillipLobelofthewoodsHoleOceanographicinstitutionhasfoundthathamletfishandmanyotherfishemit“criesofecstasy”attheappropriatemoment.（伍茲霍爾海洋研究所的魚(yú)類(lèi)學(xué)家PhillipLobel發(fā)現(xiàn)，哈姆雷特魚(yú)和其他許多魚(yú)會(huì)在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候發(fā)出“狂喜的叫聲”）可以得知PhillipLobel是先得知哈姆雷特魚(yú)會(huì)發(fā)出叫聲，再進(jìn)行研究后發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)魚(yú)產(chǎn)卵的時(shí)候會(huì)發(fā)出叫聲，并不是先意識(shí)到是為了求偶發(fā)出叫聲再去測(cè)試，因此C選項(xiàng)“Lobel做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的初衷是為了測(cè)試哈姆雷特魚(yú)是否會(huì)發(fā)出求偶的叫聲”錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一句Lobelhaslearnedthatthefishplayingtheroleofthemale-hamletfishswitchesrolesfromonetrysttothenext-emitsaseriesofshort,lowsounds.（洛貝爾了解到，扮演哈姆雷特中男性角色的魚(yú)會(huì)在一次次幽會(huì)中變換角色——發(fā)出一系列短而低的聲音。）可以得知D選項(xiàng)“哈姆雷特魚(yú)在不同的時(shí)期可能同時(shí)扮演男性和女性的角色”正確；因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】作者意圖題。A選項(xiàng)“為了證明鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)可以被分類(lèi)為某些魚(yú)類(lèi)”和C選項(xiàng)“為了證明鳥(niǎo)叫比魚(yú)叫更常見(jiàn)”在原文中都沒(méi)提到；B選項(xiàng)“為了說(shuō)明鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)，就像魚(yú)一樣，發(fā)出叫聲來(lái)尋找配偶”和原文想表達(dá)的邏輯關(guān)系不同，原文是想說(shuō)明魚(yú)像鳥(niǎo)一樣會(huì)發(fā)出叫聲來(lái)尋找配偶；D選項(xiàng)“進(jìn)一步解釋魚(yú)是一種必要時(shí)也會(huì)發(fā)出聲音的動(dòng)物”符合原文，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

18.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.Writeyourtranslationontheanswersheet.(10points)

Asindividuals,trademagazinereadersarebusy,concernedaboutsavingtime,anddelugedinformation.Chancesaregoodthattheywillskimmorethantheyread,andtheywill“read”manyarticlesbyselectingonlysectionsthatappealtothem.

Moreover,thereadershipofanymagazineconsistsofanassortmentofsubgroups.Thismaysoundlikeitcontradictswhatwehavesaidearlieraboutthenarrowfocusoftrademagazines.Butreallythereisnocontradiction:Sometrademagazines—“horizontal”or“functional”magazinesarecreatedspecificallytoembracediverseaudiencesofreaderswhoshareaparticularinterest.(TakeforexampleFolio,whichisreadbymagazineprofessionalsofalldisciplines—editorial,circulation,advertising,andproduction.)Buteveninthenarrowest“vertical”magazine,therewillbesubgroups.Attheveryleast,amagazinewillhavesubcategoriesbasedonexperience—beginnersseekingasecurefootinginthefield,secureprofessionalsseekingtoexpandtheiralreadysubstantialknowledge,andexpertswhowanttokeepcurrentonandlearnofnewdevelopments,butwhomayreadthemagazineasmuchtofindoutwhatpeopleinthefieldthinkorareworkingon.

Theseobservationsallleadtothesameconclusions:Wheneveryouwrite,youshouldassumethatmostofyouraudiencewillreadyourarticleinanalteredform.Somewillskim,takinginthegeneraloutlines,andpausinghereandtheretoabsorbdetails.Otherswillhuntdownisolatedfactsthatinterestthem.Stillotherswillreadyourstoryinadifferentorderthanyouintended,orwillattempttousethestoryinamanneratcrosspurposestoyourintention—treatingatechnicalarticleasaphonebookofinformationresources,orextractingintelligenceoncompetitorsfromaprofileofamajorsupplier.Nomatterhowtheyreadyourstory,yourreaderswillprobablybeworkingquickly.Theyneedinternalsummariesofmaterialtheymaynotreadinfull,andlabels—verbalortypographic—tohelpthemfindwhattheyarelookingfor.

【答案】【參考譯文】

另外，任何雜志的讀者群都可再分為數(shù)種各不相同的類(lèi)型組。這聽(tīng)起來(lái)可能與前面所說(shuō)貿(mào)易雜志的目標(biāo)范圍通常較窄有矛盾，但事實(shí)上這并不矛盾：有些雜志，即所謂“垂直型”或“功能型”雜志，就是為形形色色卻有一特定興趣的讀者編的。（例如FOLIO雜志，就是為所有學(xué)科的雜志的專(zhuān)業(yè)編輯人員——寫(xiě)社論的、搞發(fā)行的、做廣告的、管印發(fā)的人——編的。）不過(guò)即使是最狹窄意義上的“垂直型”雜志，其讀者也還是能按類(lèi)型分組的。至少，可以按經(jīng)驗(yàn)多少來(lái)區(qū)分雜志的讀者：初次涉獵者希望在該領(lǐng)域站穩(wěn)腳跟，專(zhuān)業(yè)有成者希望能拓展自己已經(jīng)相當(dāng)充分的知識(shí)領(lǐng)域，而專(zhuān)家們則希望緊跟形勢(shì)，了解最新進(jìn)展，同樣也想了解本領(lǐng)域其他人士在想什么，做什么。

19.單選題

Bettywasconcernedthathergreatsocialpopularity（）adiscouragingeffectonthemanshewantedtomarry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shouldbe

B.hadbeen

C.willbe

D.mighthave

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)與題干可知本題考查的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：貝蒂擔(dān)心她巨大的社會(huì)聲望……對(duì)她想要嫁的男人會(huì)產(chǎn)生令人沮喪的影響。根據(jù)句意可推測(cè)，她的巨大聲望可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生某種影響，可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Thegeocentricideawasabandonedintheseventeenthcentury,partlyasaresultofthewritingsofCopernicus（）observationsmadebyotherastronomers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.andalsowere

B.notonlybecauseof

C.alsobecausewere

D.andalsobecauseof

【答案】D

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞partly可知，空格后面表示另一部分原因，因此兩個(gè)原因應(yīng)該用并列連詞and連接，排除B和C。前面由asaresultof引導(dǎo)第一個(gè)原因，后面可用becauseof與其并列。故選D項(xiàng)。句意：地心說(shuō)在17世紀(jì)被拋棄，部分原因是哥白尼的著作，也因?yàn)槠渌煳膶W(xué)家的觀測(cè)結(jié)果。

21.單選題

Theamountofgravitationalattractionbetweentwoobjectsdependsonthemassoftheobjectsand（）betweenthem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whatisthedistance

B.thedistanceis

C.thedistance

D.thedistancewhatis

【答案】C

【解析】考查連詞。and并列意義相關(guān)、層次相同、句法功能相同的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，此處空格是和and前的theobjects并列，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Galileoabstainedfromdiscussingtheforcethatcausesaccelerationwhenanobjectfallstowardstheearth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.evolvedfrom

B.protectedfrom