2022年考研考博-考博英語-中南大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號60

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中南大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Theteacher’spridewasdistraughtwhenhediscoveredthathalfhisclasshad（

）theexam.

問題1選項

A.reassessed

B.disdained

C.flunked

D.redeemed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。reassessed對······再評價；disdained鄙視，蔑視；flunked放棄，失??；redeemed贖回，恢復(fù)。句意：當(dāng)老師發(fā)現(xiàn)他班上有一半的學(xué)生放棄了考試的時候，他的自尊心受到嚴重打擊。由前后語義可知空格處所填單詞為貶義詞，與考試搭配的最合適的選項是C項。

2.單選題

Yetthedifferenceintoneandlanguagemuststrikeus,sosoonasitisphilosophythatspeaks:thatchangeshouldremindusthatevenifthefunctionofreligionandthatofreasoncoincide,thisfunctionisperformedinthetwocasesbyverydifferentorgans.Religionsaremany,reasonone.Religionconsistsofconsciousideas,hopes,enthusiasms,andobjectsofworship;itoperatesbygraceandflourishesbyprayer.Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemaycometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,norcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.Religionbringssomeorderintolifebyweightingitwithnewmaterials.Reasonaddstothenaturalmaterialsonlytheperfectorderwhichitintroducesintothem.Rationalityisnothingbutaform,anidealconstitutionwhichexperiencemaymoreorlessembody.Religionisapartofexperienceitself:amassofsentimentsandideas.Theoneisaninviolateprinciple,theotherachangingandstrugglingforce.Andyetthisstrugglingandchangingforceofreligionseemstodirectmantowardsomethingeternal.Itseemstomakeforanultimateharmonywithinthesoulandforanultimateharmonybetweenthesoulandallthatthesouldependsupon.Religion,initsintent,isamoreconsciousanddirectpursuitoftheLifeofReasonthanissociety,science,orart,fortheseapproachandfillouttheideallifetentativelyandpiecemeal,hardlyregardingthegoalorcaringfortheultimatejustificationoftheinstinctiveaims.Religionalsohasaninstinctiveandblindsideandbubblesupinallmannerofchancepracticesandintuitions;soon,however,itfeelsitswaytowardtheheartofthings,andfromwhateverquarteritmaycome,veersinthedirectionoftheultimate.

Nevertheless,wemustconfessthatthisreligiouspursuitoftheLifeofReasonhasbeensingularlyabortive.Thosewithinthepaleofeachreligionmayprevailuponthemselvestoexpresssatisfactionwithitsresults,thankstoafondpartialityinreadingthepastandgenerousdraughtsofhopeforthefuture;butanyoneregardingthevariousreligionsatonceandcomparingtheirachievementswithwhatreasonrequires,mustfeelhowterribleisthedisappointmentwhichtheyhaveoneandallpreparedformankind.Theirchiefanxietyhasbeentoofferimaginaryremediesformortalills.Someofwhichareincurableessentially,whileothersmighthavebeenreallycuredbywell-directedeffort.TheGreekoracles,forinstance,pretendedtohealournaturalignorance,whichhasitsappropriatethoughdifficultcure,whiletheChristianvisionofheavenpretendedtobeanantidotetoournaturaldeath—theinevitablecorrelateofbirth,andofachangingandconditionedexistence.Bymethodsofthissortlittlecanbedonefortherealbettermentoflife.Toconfuseintelligenceanddislocatesentimentbygratuitousfictionsisashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness,Natureissoonavenged.Anunhealthyexaltationandaone-sidedmoralityhavetobefollowedbyregrettablereaction.Whenthiscome,therealrewardsoflifemayseemvaintoarelaxedvitality,andtheverynameofvirtuemayirritateyoungspiritsuntrainedinanynaturalexcellence,Thus,religiontoooftendebauchesthemoralityitcomestosanctionandimpedesthescienceitoughttofulfill.

Whatisthesecretofthisineptitude?Whydoesreligion,soneartorationalityinitspurpose,fallsoshortofitinitsresults?Theansweriseasy;religionpursuesrationalitythroughtheimagination.Whenitexplainseventsorassignscauses,itisanimaginativesubstituteforscience.Whenitgivesprecepts,insinuatesideals,orremouldsaspiration,itisanimaginativesubstituteforwisdom—Imeanforthedeliberateandimpartialpursuitofallgood.Theconditionandtheaimsoflifearebothrepresentedinreligionpoetically,butthispoetrytendstoarrogatetoitselfliteraltruthandmoralauthority,neitherofwhichitpossesses.Hencethedepthandimportanceofreligionbecomesintelligiblenolessthanitscontradictionsandpracticaldisasters.Itsobjectisthesameasthatofreason,butitsmethodistoproceedbyintuitionandbyuncheckedpoeticalconceits.

1.Asusedinthepassage,theauthorwoulddefinewisdomas（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaccordingtotheauthor?

3.Theauthorofthispassagestatesthatreligiondiffersfromrationalityinthat

（

）.

4.AllofthefollowingtermsmaybeusedtodescribetheconceptofreasonasusedbytheauthorEXCEPT（

）.

問題1選項

A.thepursuitofrationalitythroughimagination

B.anunemotionalsearchforthetruth

C.apurposefulandunbiasedquestforthatwhichisbest

D.ashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness

問題2選項

A.Religionseeksthetruththroughimagination;reason,initssearch,utilizestheemotions

B.Religionhasprovedanineffectivetoolinsolvingman’sproblems.

C.Scienceseeksapiecemealsolutiontoman’squestions.

D.Thepoetryofreligionoftenassumesthatitisthetruth.

問題3選項

A.itreliesonintuitionratherthanreasoning

B.itisnotconcernedwiththeultimatejustificationofitsinstinctiveaims

C.itdebauchesyoungminds

D.ithasinspiredmankind

問題4選項

A.unemotional

B.orderly

C.reconciledtotheinevitable

D.imaginative

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題干中關(guān)鍵詞wisdom出現(xiàn)在文章最后一段，恰好詞后有破折號“Whenitgivesprecepts,insinuatesideals,orremouldsaspiration,itisanimaginativesubstituteforwisdom—Imeanforthedeliberateandimpartialpursuitofallgood”，當(dāng)它給人訓(xùn)誡、暗示理想或重塑抱負時，它是一種富有想象力的智慧的替代品：我認為，它是對一切美好事物深思熟慮、不偏不倚的追求。瀏覽四個選項發(fā)現(xiàn)，C選項“一種對最好的事物有目的且無偏見的追求”符合文意。

2.判斷推理題。第一段中說到對reason理性的態(tài)度“Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,norcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.我們遵循或不遵循它；它既不催促我們，也不責(zé)備我們，除了以事物的真實性質(zhì)和比例展現(xiàn)出來而自然地激起我們的感情外，它不要求我們有任何感情。”，A選項后半部分“理性在尋找的過程中利用了情感”與文章不符合，因此A選項正確。B選項“宗教已被證明是解決人類問題的一種無效工具”出現(xiàn)在文章第二段“Bymethodsofthissortlittlecanbedonefortherealbettermentoflife.用這種方法（宗教的方法），對生活的真正改善幾乎是無能為力的”；C選項“科學(xué)尋求對人類問題的漸進解決辦法”對應(yīng)文章第三段“Whenitexplainseventsorassignscauses,itisanimaginativesubstituteforscience.當(dāng)它解釋事件或分配原因時，它是科學(xué)的想象替代品”；D選項“宗教的詩歌常常假定它是真理”對應(yīng)第三段中“Theconditionandtheaimsoflifearebothrepresentedinreligionpoetically,butthispoetrytendstoarrogatetoitselfliteraltruthandmoralauthority,neitherofwhichitpossesses.生活的目的和條件在宗教中都有詩意的體現(xiàn)，但這種詩意往往把宗教所不具備的字面上的真理和道德上的權(quán)威據(jù)為己有”。

3.判斷推理題。第一段提到題干中兩個關(guān)鍵詞“religion”和“rationality”。本題問的是宗教的不同之處，因此定位到“religion”相關(guān)句“Religionisapartofexperienceitself:amassofsentimentsandideas.Theoneisaninviolateprinciple,theotherachangingandstrugglingforce.Andyetthisstrugglingandchangingforceofreligionseemstodirectmantowardsomethingeternal.Itseemstomakeforanultimateharmonywithinthesoulandforanultimateharmonybetweenthesoulandallthatthesouldependsupon.宗教是經(jīng)驗本身的一部分：大量的情感和思想。一個是不可違背的原則，另一個是變化和奮斗的力量。然而，宗教的這種掙扎和變化的力量似乎把人引向某種永恒的東西。它似乎是為了靈魂內(nèi)部的終極和諧，以及靈魂和靈魂所依賴的一切之間的終極和諧?！睂Ρ冗x項可知，D選項“它鼓舞了人類”符合上述文意。

4.判斷推理題。Reason在本文中的定義出現(xiàn)在第一段“Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemaycometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,norcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.另一方面，理性只是一種原則或潛在的秩序，我們確實可以根據(jù)它來思考，但它只存在于我們心中，沒有任何變化或壓力。我們遵循或不遵循它；它既不催促我們，也不責(zé)備我們，除了以事物的真實性質(zhì)和比例展現(xiàn)出來而自然地激起我們的感情外，它不要求我們有任何感情?！盇選項unemotional“非感情的”，B選項orderly“有秩序的”，C選項reconciledtotheinevitable“接受不可避免的事實”均出現(xiàn)在上述語句中，D選項imaginative“富于想象的”不符合文中表述，不可用來描述reason。

3.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

OnefactorwhichmusthavegreatrelevancehereistheundeniablecircumstancethatthefeudalismofEuropeandChinawerefundamentallydifferent.（1）Europefeudalismwasmilitary-aristocratic:thepeasantryweregovernedbytheknightsintheirmanors,andtheyinturnweresubjecttothebaronsintheircastles,whilethekinginhispalaceruledoverall.Intimeofwarheneededthehelpofthelowerranksinthefeudalhierarchywhowereboundtorallytohimwithstatednumbersofmen-at-arms.HowdifferentwasthefeudalismofChina,longveryjustifiablydescribedasbureaucratic.（2）

ModemresearchisshowingthatthebureaucraticorganizationofChinainitsearlierstagesstronglyhelpedsciencetogrow;onlyinitslateronesdiditforciblyinhibitfurthergrowth，andinparticularpreventedabreakthroughwhichhasoccurredinEurope.Forexample,noothercountryintheworldatthebeginningoftheeighthcenturyADcouldhavesetupameridianarcsurveystretchingfromsouthtonorthsome2500miles.（3）Norcouldithavemountedanexpeditionatthattimetogoandobservethestarsofthesouthernhemispheretowithin

20°Cdegrees

ofthesouthcelestialpole;norindeedwouldithavewantedto.

（4）Itmaywellbethatasimilarpatternwillappearinthefuturewhenthehistoryofscience,technologyandmedicine,forallthegreatclassicalliterarycultures,suchasIndiaorSriLanka,comestobewrittenandgatheredin.Europehasenteredintotheirinheritance,producinganecumenicaluniversalscienceandtechnologyvalidforeverymanandwomanonthefaceoftheearth.OnecanonlyhopethattheshortcomingsofthedistinctivelyEuropeantraditionsinothermatterswillnotdebauchthenon-Europeancivilizations.（5）

Forexample,thesciencesofChinaandofIslamneverdreamedofdivorcingsciencefromethics,butwhenatheScientificRevolutionthefinalcauseofAristotlewasdoneawaywith,andethicschasedoutofscience,thingsbecameverydifferent,andmoremenacing.Thiswasgoodinsofarasitclarifiedanddiscriminatedbetweenthegreatformsofhumanexperience,butverybadanddangerouswhenitopenedthewayforevilmentousethegreatdiscoveriesofmodemscienceandactivitiesdisastrousforhumanity.

【答案】1.歐洲的封建主義是軍事貴族式的：農(nóng)民由莊園里的騎士統(tǒng)治，他們反過來又受制于城堡里的男爵，而國王在他的宮殿里統(tǒng)治著一切。

2.現(xiàn)代研究表明，中國早期的官僚組織有力地促進了科學(xué)的發(fā)展；其后期則嚴重抑制了科學(xué)的進步，尤其阻礙了中國像歐洲那樣的突飛猛進的發(fā)展。

3.在當(dāng)時也沒有哪個國家有能力組織一支遠征隊去南半球探險，對南極20度范圍內(nèi)的星星進行觀察，確實也沒有哪個國家想那么做。

4.很可能是類似的模式將會出現(xiàn)在未來的歷史科學(xué)、技術(shù)和醫(yī)學(xué)、偉大的古典文學(xué)文化，如印度或斯里蘭卡，編寫和收集。

5.例如，中國的科學(xué)和伊斯蘭教的科學(xué)從來沒有想過要把科學(xué)從倫理中分離出來，但是當(dāng)科學(xué)革命結(jié)束了亞里士多德的最終目標(biāo)，倫理被驅(qū)逐出科學(xué)時，事情變得非常不同，而且更具威脅性。

4.單選題

Paradoxically,Robinson’sexcessivedenialsoftheworthofearlyworksofsciencefictionsuggestthatshehasbecomequite（

）them.

問題1選項

A.reflectiveabout

B.skepticalof

C.enamoredof

D.offendedby

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。reflective反射的；沉思的；becomeskepticalof開始非常懷疑······；enamoredof迷戀；becomeoffendedby感到被冒犯。句意：自相矛盾的是，羅賓遜對早期科幻作品價值的過度否認表明她已經(jīng)開始非常懷疑它們。由Paradoxically和Robinson’sexcessivedenialsoftheworthofearlyworksofsciencefictionsuggestthat可知B符合語境。

5.單選題

Ifyourgoalsaregeneral,youshould（

）them（

）intosub-goals,sothatyouhaveascheduleforeachsub-goaltoo.

問題1選項

A.undertake...for

B.minimize...with

C.induct...with

D.pare...down

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配undertake“承擔(dān)，從事”；induct“引導(dǎo)；感應(yīng)”；minimize“使減到最少；極度輕視”；pare······down把······消減成······

。句意：如果你的目標(biāo)太籠統(tǒng)，那么你就應(yīng)該將它們分為子目標(biāo)，這樣你對每個子目標(biāo)也有相應(yīng)的計劃表。由句意可知D項正確。

6.單選題

Alittlemorethanacenturyago,MichaelFaraday,thenotedBritishphysicist,managedtogainaudiencewithagroupofhighgovernmentofficials,todemonstrateanelectrochemicalprinciple,inthehopeofgainingsupportforhiswork.

Afterobservingthedemonstrationclosely,oneoftheofficialsremarkedbluntly“It’safascinatingdemonstration,youngman,butjustwhatpracticalapplicationwillcomeofthis?”

“Idon’tknow,”repliedFaraday,“butIdoknowthat100yearsfromnowyou’llbetaxingthem”.

Fromthedemonstrationofaprincipletothemarketingofproductsderivedfromthatprincipleisoftenalong,involvedseriesofsteps.Thespeedandeffectivenesswithwhichthesestepsaretakenarecloselyrelatedtothehistoryofmanagement,theartofgettingthingsdone.JustasmanagementappliestothewondersthathaveevolvedfromFaradayandotherinventors,soitappliedsome4,000yearsagototheworkingsofthegreatEgyptianandMesopotamianimportandexportfirms,toHannibal’sremarkablefeatofcrossingtheAlpsin218B.C,with90,000footsoldiers,12,000horsemenanda“conveyorbelt”of40elephantsortotheearlyChristianChurch,withitsworld-shakingconceptsofindividualfreedomandequality.

Theseancientinnovatorsweredeeplyinvolvedintheproblemsofauthority,divisionoflabor,discipline,unityofcommand,clarityofdirectionandtheotherbasicfactorsthataresomeaningfultomanagementtoday.ButtherealimpetustomanagementasanemerginprofessionwastheIndustrialRevolution.Originatingin18th-centuryEngland,itwastriggeredbyaseriesofclassicinventionsandnewprocesses;amongthemJohnKay’sFlyingShuttlein1733,JamesHargreaves’SpinningJennyin1770,SamuelCrompton’sMuleSpinnerin1779andEdmundCartwright’sPowerLoomin1785.

1.TheanecdoteaboutMichaelFaradayindicatesthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,managementisdefinedas

（

）.

3.Inthepassagewecanseethatmanagementcameintoitsown（

）.

問題1選項

A.politicianstaxeverything

B.peopleareskepticalaboutthevalueofpureresearch

C.taxesareuppermostinscientists’minds

D.hewasrejectedbyhisgovernment

問題2選項

A.accomplishingwonders

B.thecreatoroftheIndustrialRevolution

C.theartofgettingthingsdone

D.supervisingsubordinates

問題3選項

A.intheEgyptianandMesopotamianimportandexportfirms

B.inthedevelopmentoftheearlyChristianChurch

C.atthetimeofMichaelFaraday

D.intheeighteenthcentury

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。定位到第二段中“It’safascinatingdemonstration,youngman,butjustwhatpracticalapplicationwillcomeofthis?年輕人，這是一個令人著迷的演示，但它究竟會產(chǎn)生什么實際應(yīng)用呢？”可知B項“人們對純研究的價值持懷疑態(tài)度”正確。

2.判斷推理題。定位第四段中“Thespeedandeffectivenesswithwhichthesestepsaretakenarecloselyrelatedtothehistoryofmanagement,theartofgettingthingsdone.采取這些步驟的速度和效率與管理的歷史即完成工作的藝術(shù)密切相關(guān)?！笨芍狢項“完成工作的藝術(shù)”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。定位到最后一段中“Originatingin18th-centuryEngland,itwastriggeredbyaseriesofclassicinventionsandnewprocesses它起源于18世紀(jì)的英國，由一系列經(jīng)典的發(fā)明和新工藝引發(fā)?！笨芍狣項正確。

7.單選題

It’sthebrinybrothofourorigins,thepoundingcirculatorysystemoftheworld,a（

）molecularedgeonwhichwesurvive.

問題1選項

A.integrated

B.precarious

C.solid

D.collided

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。integrated綜合的，完整的；precarious不穩(wěn)定的，危險的；solid結(jié)實的；collided碰撞的。句意：生命起源于海洋，海洋是地球循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵一環(huán)，這些不穩(wěn)定的小分子是我們生存的基礎(chǔ)。根據(jù)句意可知B項符合題意。

8.單選題

Theneedforsolarelectricityisclear.Itissafe,ecologicallysound,efficient,continuouslyavailable,andithasnomovingparts.Thebasicproblemwiththeuseofsolarphotovoltaicdevicesiseconomics,butuntilrecentlyverylittleprogresshasbeenmadetowardthedevelopmentoflow-costphotovoltaicdevices.Thelargerpartofresearchfundinghasbeendevotedtostudyofsingle-crystalsiliconsolarcells,despitetheevidence,includingthatoftheleadingmanufacturersofcrystallinesilicon,thatthetechniqueholdslittlepromise.Thereasonforthispatternisunderstandableandhistorical.Crystal-linesiliconistheactive,elementintheverysuccessfulsemiconductorindustry,andvirtuallyallofthesolidstatedevicescontainsilicontransistorsanddiodes.Crystallinesilicon,however,isparticularlyunsuitabletoterrestrialsolarcells.

Crystallinesiliconsolarcellsworkwellandaresuccessfullyusedinthespaceprogram,wherecostisnotanissue.Whilesingle-crystalsiliconhasbeenproveninextraterrestrialusewithefficienciesashighas18percent,andothermoreexpensiveandscarcematerialssuchasgalliumarsenidecanhaveevenhigherefficiencies,costsmustbereducedbyafactorofmorethan100tomakethempracticalforcommercialuse.Besidethefactthatthestartingcrystallinesiliconisexpensive,95percentofitiswastedanddoesnotappearinthefinaldevice.Recently,therehavebeensomeimaginativeattemptstomakepolycrystallineandribbonsilicon,whicharelowerincostthanhighqualitysinglecrystals;buttodateefficienciesoftheseapparentlylower-costarrayshavebeenunacceptablysmall.Moreover,thesematerialsarecheaperonlybecauseoftheintroductionofdisorderingincrystallinesemiconductors,anddisorderdegradestheefficiencyofcrystallinesolarcells.

Thisdilemmacanbeavoidedbypreparingcompletelydisorderedoramorphousmaterials.Amorphousmaterialshavedisorderedatomicstructureascomparedtocrystallinematerials:thatis,theyhaveonlyshort-rangeorderratherthanthelong-rangeperiodicityofcrystals.Theadvantagesofamorphoussolarcellsareimpressive.Whereascrystalscanbegrownaswafersaboutfourinchesindiameter,amorphousmaterialscanbegrownoverlargeareasinasingleprocess.Whereascrystallinesiliconmustbemade200micronsthicktoabsorbasufficientamountofsunlightforefficientenergyconversion,only1micronoftheproperamorphousmaterialsisnecessary.Crystallinesiliconsolarcellscostinexcessof$100persquarefoot,butamorphousfilmscanbecreatedatacostofabout50cpersquarefoot.

Althoughmanyscientistswereawareoftheverylowcostofamorphoussolarcells,theyfeltthattheycouldneverbemanufacturedwiththeefficienciesnecessarycontributesignificantlytothedemandforelectricpower.Thiswasbasedonamisconceptionaboutthefeaturewhichdeterminesefficiency.Forexample,itisnottheconductivityofthematerialinthedarkwhichisrelevant,butonlythephotoconductivity,thatis,theconductivityinthepresenceofsunlight.Already,solarcellswithefficiencieswellabove6percenthavebeendevelopedusingamorphousmaterials,andfurtherresearchwilldoubtlessfindevenlesscostlyamorphousmaterialwithefficiencies.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Theauthormentionsrecentattemptstomakepolycrystallineandribbonsiliconprimarilyinorderto

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingpairsoftermsdoestheauthorregardasmostnearlysynonymous?

4.Thematerialinthepassagecouldbestbeusedinanargumentfor（

）.

問題1選項

A.advocatingincreasedgovernmentfundingforresearchonalternativeenergysources

B.explainingthefunctioningofsolarcells

C.presentingahistoryofresearchonenergysources

D.describingapossiblesolutiontotheproblemofthecostofphotovoltaiccells

問題2選項

A.minimizetheimportanceofrecentimprovementsinsiliconsolarcells

B.demonstratethesuperiorityofamorphousmaterialsovercrystallinesilicon

C.informthereaderthatanalternativetypeofsolarcellexists

D.contrastcrystallinesiliconwithpolycrystallineandribbonsilicon

問題3選項

A.solarandextraterrestrial

B.photovoltaicdevicesandsolarcells.

C.crystallinesiliconandamorphousmaterials

D.amorphousmaterialsandhigherefficiencies

問題4選項

A.discontinuingthespaceprogram

B.increasedfundingforresearchonamorphousmaterials

C.furtherstudyofthehistoryofsiliconcrystals

D.increasedrelianceonsolarenergy

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由“Thebasicproblemwiththeuseofsolarphotovoltaicdevicesiseconomics,butuntilrecentlyverylittleprogresshasbeenmadetowardthedevelopmentoflow-costphotovoltaicdevices.使用太陽能光伏設(shè)備的基本問題是經(jīng)濟問題，但直到最近，在開發(fā)低成本光伏設(shè)備方面幾乎沒有取得進展?！币约暗谌蝍morphousmaterials的優(yōu)點可知作者關(guān)心尋找低成本的可替代能源?？芍狣項“描述了光伏電池成本問題的一種可能解決方案”相符。

2.判斷推理題從“Recently，therehavebeensomeimaginativeattemptsto

makepolycrystallineandribbonsilicon,whicharelowerincostthanhighqualitysinglecrystals;buttodateefficienciesoftheseapparentlylower-costarrayshavebeenunacceptablysmall.Moreover,thesematerialsarecheaperonlybecauseoftheintroductionofdisorderingincrystallinesemiconductors,anddisorderdegradestheefficiencyofcrystallinesolarcells.但到目前為止，這些成本明顯較低的陣列的效率一直小得令人無法接受。此外，這些材料更便宜只是因為晶體半導(dǎo)體中無序的引入，無序降低了晶體太陽能電池的效率?！庇纱丝梢酝评?，這種嘗試改進沒有多大的價值，可知A項“盡量減少近期硅太陽能電池改進的重要性”正確。B項“說明非晶態(tài)材料優(yōu)于晶態(tài)硅材料”；C項“告訴讀者，有一種替代類型的太陽能電池存在”D項“對比晶體硅與多晶硅和帶狀硅”。

3.判斷推理題。由第一段“Thebasicproblemwiththeuseofsolarhotovoltaicdevicesiseconomics使用太陽能光電器件的基本問題是經(jīng)濟問題”下文多次用solarcells替代photovoltaicdevices可知photovoltaicdevices和solarcells是同義詞。

4.判斷推理題。由第三段“Thisdilemmacanbeavoidedbypreparingcompletelydisorderedoramorphousmaterials.Amorphousmaterialshavedisorderedatomicstructureascomparedtocrystallinematerials:thatis,theyhaveonlyshort-rangeorderratherthanthelong-rangeperiodicityofcrystals.Theadvantagesofamorphoussolarcellsareimpressive.這種困境可以通過制備完全無序或非晶態(tài)的材料來避免。與晶體材料相比，非晶態(tài)材料具有無序的原子結(jié)構(gòu)，即它們只具有短期的有序，而沒有晶體的長期周期性。非晶態(tài)太陽能電池的優(yōu)點令人印象深刻?！敝械腶morphousmaterial的優(yōu)點以及最后一段中“furtherresearchwilldoubtlessfindevenlesscostlyamorphousmaterialwithefficiencies.進一步的研究無疑會發(fā)現(xiàn)成本更低、效率更高的非晶態(tài)材料。”可知amorphousmaterial有望成為太陽能的替代能源，故應(yīng)該增加對其的投資。B項“增加對非晶材料的研究經(jīng)費”符合題意。

9.單選題

Theoriginofthetheorythatmajorgeologiceventsmayoccuratregularintervalscanbetracedbacknottoastudyofvolcanismorplatetectonicsbuttoaninvestigationofmarineextinctions.Intheearly1980’s,scientistsbegantolookcloselyatthequestionofhowtheseextinctionsoccur.Twopaleontologists,RaupandSepkoski,compiledamasterlistofmarinespeciesthatdiedoutduringthepast268millionyearsandnotedthattherewerebriefperiodsduringwhichmanyspeciesdisappearedatonce.Theremassextinctionsoccurredatsurprisinglyregularintervals.

Laterstudiesrevealedthatextinctionsofterrestrialreptilesandmammalsalsooccurredperiodically.Thesefindings,combinedwiththeresearchofRaupandSepkoski,ledscientiststohypothesizetheexistenceofsomekindofcyclicallyrecurringforcepowerfulenoughtoaffectlivingthingsprofoundly.Speculationthatsopowerfulaforcemightaffectgeologiceventsaswellledgeologiststosearchforevidenceofperiodicityinepisodesofvolcanism,seafloorspreading,andplatemovement.

1.TheauthorofthepassagewouldmostlikelydescribethefindingsofRaupandSepkoskias（

）.

2.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,RaupandSepkoski’sresearchwasconcernedwith（

）.

問題1選項

A.Plausible,becausethefindingssupportedthetheoriesofpreviousresearchers.

B.Significant,becausethefindingswereanimpetusforsubsequentresearch.

C.Controversial,becausethefindingscontradictedthetheoriesofpreviousresearchers.

D.Questionable,becausetheauthorswerenotworkingintheirfieldofexpertise

問題2選項

A.Determiningthedatesofvariousgeologicevents

B.DefendingtheconclusionsreachedbyRaupandSepkoski

C.Establishingalinkbetweenthedisciplinesofpaleontologyandgeology

D.Explaininghowatheoryconcerninggeologiceventswasformulated.

問題3選項

A.Learningmoreaboutthehabitatsofmarinespecies.

B.Studyingplatetectonicsandtheoccurrenceofvolcanismoverthepast268millionyears

C.Examiningextinctionsofmarinespeciesoverthepast268millionyears

D.Confirmingpreviousevidencesuggestingthatextinctionofterrestrialspeciesoccurredregularly

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由“Twopaleontologists,RaupandSepkoski,compiledamasterlistofmarinespeciesthatdiedoutduringthepast268millionyearsandnotedthattherewerebriefperiodsduringwhichmanyspeciesdisappearedatonce.兩位古生物學(xué)家，Raup和Sepkoski，編制了一份在過去2.68億年間滅絕的海洋物種的總清單，并指出，有一段短暫的時期，許多物種同時消失?！边@種發(fā)現(xiàn)為后面研究帶來了巨大的影響。B項“意義重大，因為這些發(fā)現(xiàn)是后續(xù)研究的推動力?！毕喾?。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段第一句話“Theoriginofthetheorythatmajorgeologiceventsmayoccuratregularintervalscanbetracedbacknottoastudyofvolcanismorplatetectonics...認為重大地質(zhì)事件可能定期發(fā)生這一理論的起源可以追溯到火山活動或板塊構(gòu)造研究?！笨梢钥闯鋈闹饕侵v述板塊理論如何形成的。

3.細節(jié)事實題。第一段“RaupandSepkoski,compiledamasterlistofmarinespeciesthatdiedoutduringthepast268millionyearsandnotedthattherewerebriefperiodsduringwhichmanyspeciesdisappearedatonce.普和塞普科斯基編撰了一份過去2.68億年間滅絕的海洋物種的總名單，并指出，有一段短暫的時期，許多物種同時消失?！笨芍麄冎饕亲C明之前的生物滅絕是突然發(fā)生的還是具有周期性的結(jié)果。C項符合題意。

10.單選題

Asseriousassheisaboutthebullfight,shedoesnotallowrespectto（

）hersenseofwhimsywhenpaintingit.

問題1選項

A.inspire

B.provoke

C.suppress

D.satisfy

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項inspire“激發(fā)；鼓舞”；B選項provoke“驅(qū)使；激怒”；C選項suppress“抑制；鎮(zhèn)壓；廢止”；D選項satisfy“滿足；說服”。句意：盡管她認為斗牛是一件嚴肅的事，但在繪畫斗牛時，她并沒有讓敬意······自己的奇思異想。“敬意”與“奇思異想”在本句中應(yīng)為“抑制與被抑制”的關(guān)系，才可體現(xiàn)句中的轉(zhuǎn)折含義。因此C選項正確。

11.單選題

Thenewbiologicalpsychiatrydoesnotdenythecontributingroleofpsychologicalfactorsmayactasacatalystonexistingphysiologicalconditionsand（

）suchillnesses.

問題1選項

A.disguise

B.impede

C.consummate

D.precipitate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。disguise掩飾；隱瞞；impede阻礙；阻止；consummate完成；作成；使達到極點；precipitate使沉淀；促成；猛拋；使陷入。句意：新生物精神病學(xué)沒有否定心理因素的幫助作用可能充當(dāng)現(xiàn)存生理狀況的一種催化劑，從而加速這樣的疾病。由mayactasacatalystonexistingphysiologicalconditions可推斷D符合題意。

12.單選題

You（

）theclasstotellmethat:youcouldhavecomeuptomeafterwards.

問題1選項

A.needn’thaveinterrupted

B.needn’ttobeinterrupted

C.needn’ttointerrupt

D.needn’tinterrupt

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。由youcouldhavecomeuptomeafterwards可知這里表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，故空格處所填單詞表示的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，A項表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生完成的動作。故A項符合題意。句意：你本可以課后再過來告訴我那件事情，不必在上課時打斷我。

13.單選題

Prehistoricpeoplemadepaintsbygrindingcoloredmaterials（

）intopowderandaddingwater.

問題1選項

A.ifvegetationandclay

B.howvegetationandclay

C.thatvegetationandclayare

D.suchasvegetationandclay

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。分析選項可知vegetationandclay（植物和泥土）屬于coloredmaterials，所以空格處所填單詞應(yīng)該是對有色材料的舉例，故D項正確。句意：史前的人們通過將彩色材料諸如植被和黏土研成粉末再加水的方式來制作繪畫顏料。

14.單選題

ButMcConnellMoorehasalwaysdrawngreatstrengthfromsuchcartoonish（

）,whichhecollectsandthendisplaysonhisSenateofficewall.

問題1選項

A.applauses

B.vituperations

C.condemns

D.appraisals

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。applause“歡呼；鼓掌歡迎”；vituperation“謾罵；壞話”；condemn“譴責(zé)；聲討”；appraisal“評價；估