2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西南交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)61

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西南交通大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Althoughsports（）thehousehold,Joedrewthelinewhentheyinterferedwithfamilytraditionsandroutine.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.overwhelmed

B.affected

C.dominated

D.influenced

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管體育運(yùn)動(dòng)在Joe的家庭中占主導(dǎo)地位，但是當(dāng)這些運(yùn)動(dòng)影響到家庭傳統(tǒng)和日常事務(wù)時(shí)，他會(huì)放棄體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。overwhelm淹沒(méi)，受打擊，覆蓋；affect影響，感染;dominate控制，支配：influence影響。根據(jù)后半句句意“當(dāng)這些運(yùn)動(dòng)影響到家庭傳統(tǒng)和日常事務(wù)時(shí)，他會(huì)放棄體育運(yùn)動(dòng)”以及轉(zhuǎn)折連詞although可知，C符合句意。

2.單選題

Thesecurityguard（）twomenwhowereyellinginthecourtroom.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dispelled

B.propelled

C.repelled

D.expelled

【答案】D

【解析】句意:保安將兩名在法庭上大喊大叫的男子驅(qū)逐了出去。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。dispel驅(qū)散，消除(尤指感覺(jué)或信仰);propel推進(jìn)，驅(qū)使：repel擊退，抵制：expel驅(qū)逐，開(kāi)除。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“大喊大叫的男子”可知D項(xiàng)符合句意。

3.單選題

（）hisknowledgeandacademicbackground,heisbasicallystupid.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Butfor

B.Accordingto

C.Forall

D.Thanksto

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管他有一定的知識(shí)和學(xué)術(shù)背景，但是從根本上來(lái)說(shuō)他還是很笨的。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。butfor要不是，如果沒(méi)有；accordingto按照，根據(jù)；forall盡管，雖然；thanksto由于，幸虧。根據(jù)后半句句意“從根本上來(lái)說(shuō)他還是很笨的”可知前半句表示讓步，故選C項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Attemptstopersuadehertostayaftershefeltinsultedwere（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.innoway

B.onthecontrary

C.ataloss

D.ofnoavail

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在她覺(jué)得受到侮辱后，企圖勸她留下來(lái)是徒勞的。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。innoway決不；onthecontrary正相反；ataloss虧本地；困惑不解；ofnoavail無(wú)效;不起作用；徒勞的。根據(jù)前半句句意“在她覺(jué)得受到侮辱后”可知，D符合句意。

5.單選題

Mikejustdiscoveredthathispassporthad（）threemonthsago.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.abolished

B.expired

C.amended

D.constrained

【答案】B

【解析】句意:邁克剛才發(fā)現(xiàn)他的護(hù)照在三個(gè)月前就到期了。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式。abolish廢除；取消；expire到期；終止：死亡；呼氣;amend修改；改善；constrain驅(qū)使；強(qiáng)迫。該動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)是hispassport(他的護(hù)照)，因此B項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Althoughhethoughthewashelpingustopreparethedinner,hewasactually（）theway.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.off

C.by

D.on

【答案】A

【解析】句意:雖然他以為他是在幫我們準(zhǔn)備晚餐，但實(shí)際上他是在幫倒忙。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。Intheway妨礙，擋道；offtheway遠(yuǎn)離正道;bytheway順便說(shuō)一下；ontheway在…途中。根據(jù)前半句句意“雖然他以為他是在幫我們準(zhǔn)備晚餐”可知A符合句意，這里可以理解為“幫倒忙”。

7.單選題

Itwasobviousthatsheandherhusbandwere（）andshewishedshe'dnevermarriedhim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.insolvable

B.insensible

C.inseparable

D.incompatible

【答案】D

【解析】句意:很明顯她和她丈夫是水火不相容的，她希望自己從來(lái)沒(méi)有嫁給他。

考查形容詞辨析。insolvable不能解決（答）的;insensible昏迷的，無(wú)知覺(jué)的；inseparable不可分離的；incompatible不相容的，矛盾的。根據(jù)后半句“她希望自己從來(lái)沒(méi)有嫁給他”可知D符合句意。

8.單選題

Wehadnowaytomeasuretheexactdistancewehadtraveled,butwethoughtitwas（）tenmiles.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.apparently

B.appraisably

C.appropriately

D.approximately

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我們無(wú)法精確測(cè)量我們所走的距離，但我們認(rèn)為大約是十英里。

考查副詞辨析。apparently明顯地；appraisably可評(píng)估地；appropriately合適地;approximately近似地。根據(jù)前半句句意“我們無(wú)法精確測(cè)量我們所走的距離”以及“十英里”可知D符合句意。

9.單選題

Inthewakeof11September,Visionics,aleadingmanufacturer,issuedafactsheetexplaininghowitstechnologycouldenhanceairportsecurity.Theycalledit"protectingcivilizationfromthefacesofterror".Thecompany'ssharepriceskyrocketed,asdidthestocksofotherface-recognitioncompanies,andairportsacrosstheglobebeganinstallingthesoftwareandrunningtrials.

Astheresultsstarttocomein,however,theglossiswearingoff.Nomatterwhatyoumighthaveheardaboutface-recognitionsoftware,BigBrotherisnotsogoodasexpected.

Theconcernwasbasedlargelyonanindependentassessmentofface-recognitionsystemscarriedoutin2000intheU.S.bytheDepartmentofDefense.Thesetestsfoundthattocatch90percentofsuspectsatanairport,face-recognitionsoftwarewouldhavetoraiseahugenumberoffalsealarms.Oneinthreepeoplewouldendupbeingdraggedoutofthelineandthat'sassumingeveryonelooksstraightatthecameraandmakesnoeffortstodisguisehimself.Resultsfromtherecentairporttrialswouldseemtojustifythatconcern.

Mostface-recognitionsystemsusesomekindofgeometrictechniquetotranslateapictureofafaceintoasetofnumbersthatcaptureitscharacteristics.Onceithasidentifiedtheseboundaries,thesoftwarecalculatestheirrelativesizesandpositionsandconvertsthisgeometryintowhatVisionicscallsa"faceprint".Feedthesoftwareaseriesofmugshotsandit’llcalculatetheirfaceprints.ThenitcanmonitorliveCCTVimagesforthefacesofknownsuspects.Whenitfindsamatch,itraisesanalarm.

Evenifthesystemdoesmanagetocaptureaface,theproblemsaren'tover.Thetroubleisthatasuspect'sfaceprinttakenfromliveCCTVisunlikelytomatchtheoneinthedatabaseineverydetail.Togivethemselvesthebestchanceofpickingupsuspects,operatorscansetthesoftwaresothatitdoesn'thavetomakeanexactmatchbeforeitraisesthealarm.Butthere'sapricetopay:themorepotentialsuspectsyoupickup,themorefalsealarmsyouget.Youhavetogetthebalancejustright.

Despitethedisappointingtests,somepeopleinsistthatface-recognitiontechnologyisgoodenoughtoputterroristsoff.Afteralltheclaimsandcounter-claims,withnooneabletodiscernthetruth,theindustrymaysoonhavetofaceuptoreality.

1.Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat（）.

2.Thesecondparagraphimpliesthat（）.

3.WhatisthefataldefeatofthesystemaccordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofDefense?

4.Whatmakesitsohardfortheface-recognitionsystemstoworkeffectively?

5.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorpointsoutthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Visionicsproducedthebestface-recognitionsoftwareenhancingairportsecurity

B.Visionics'sstockroseinprice

C.theairportsweresatisfiedwiththesoftware

D.Visionics'ssoftwarewasagreatsuccess

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thesurfaceofthesoftwareisnotenough

B.thereisaseriesofface-recognitionsoftwareproducts

C.thesoftwareturnsouttobeinefficient

D.thesoftwareisnotdurable

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toomanyfalsealarmswereraised.

B.Everyoneshouldlookstraightatthecamera.

C.Only90%ofsuspectsatanairportwerefound.

D.Everyoneshouldnotdisguisehimself.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thecomputersarenotsoadvanced.

B.Thefaceprintsfedinthecomputersareneveridenticalwiththoseofrealpersons.

C.Itisveryhardfortheoperatorstolearntocontrolthesystem.

D.Peopleseldomlookstraightatthecamera.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.anyway,theface-recognitiontechnologyisgoodenoughtofrightentheterrorists

B.theindustryshouldrecognizethesituationandimprovethetechnology.

C.alltheclaimsarepremature

D.wemustnotexpecttoomuch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:Visionics公司生產(chǎn)了最好的人臉識(shí)別軟件來(lái)增強(qiáng)機(jī)場(chǎng)的安全性。B:Visionics的股票價(jià)格上漲。C:機(jī)場(chǎng)對(duì)軟件很滿意。D:Visionics的軟件非常成功。第一句指出:Inthewakeof11September,Visionics,aleadingmanufacturer,issuedafactsheetexplaininghowitstechnologycouldenhanceairportsecurity(9月11日之后，領(lǐng)先的制造商Visionics發(fā)布了一份情況說(shuō)明書(shū)，解釋其技術(shù)如何增強(qiáng)機(jī)場(chǎng)安全)。但并不能證明A項(xiàng)跟D項(xiàng)正確。第三句說(shuō)到:Thecompany’ssharepriceskyrocketed(公司股價(jià)飛漲)。因此B項(xiàng)正確。最后一句指出:airportsacrosstheglobebeganinstallingthesoftwareandrunningtrials(全球各地的機(jī)場(chǎng)開(kāi)始安裝該軟件并進(jìn)行測(cè)試)。但這并不能說(shuō)明C項(xiàng)正確。因此答案為B。

第2題:判斷推理題。第二段意思為:然而，伴隨軟件試用結(jié)果出現(xiàn)，該軟件的光彩逐漸消逝，無(wú)論你或許對(duì)面部識(shí)別軟件聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)什么，Visionics這家大公司的面部識(shí)別軟件都不如宣傳的那樣好。因此C項(xiàng)“該軟件結(jié)果是無(wú)效率的”正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。題干問(wèn)的是:根據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)防部的說(shuō)法，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的致命缺點(diǎn)是什么?A:太多假警報(bào)被拉響。B:每個(gè)人都要直視鏡頭。C:只有90%的嫌疑犯在機(jī)場(chǎng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)。D:每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該偽裝自己?？啥ㄎ恢恋谌?。第二句指出:Thesetestsfoundthattocatch90percentofsuspectsatanairport,face-recognitionsoftwarewouldhavetoraiseahugenumberoffalsealarms(這些測(cè)試發(fā)現(xiàn)，要在機(jī)場(chǎng)抓獲90%的嫌疑人，人臉識(shí)別軟件必須發(fā)出大量虛假警報(bào))。因此A項(xiàng)正確，C項(xiàng)不正確。第三句指出:Oneinthreepeoplewouldendupbeingdraggedoutofthelineandthat'sassumingeveryonelooksstraightatthecameraandmakesnoeffortstodisguisehimself(每三個(gè)人中就有一個(gè)被拖拉出候機(jī)的隊(duì)伍，而這種比例是基于每個(gè)人都直視鏡頭且不做任何努力掩飾自己的情況)。由此可知B項(xiàng)跟D項(xiàng)只是文中提及的實(shí)驗(yàn)的條件，而非致命缺點(diǎn)。

第4題:判斷推理題。第五段指出:Thetroubleisthatasuspect’sfaceprinttakenfromliveCCTVisunlikelytomatchtheoneinthedatabaseineverydetail(問(wèn)題在于從現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)控提取的嫌疑犯的臉紋不可能與數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)里的每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)相匹配)。因此，使得人臉識(shí)別系統(tǒng)難以有效工作的原因是B項(xiàng)“電腦里的面紋從不與真人的面紋完全相同”。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段最后一句指出:Afteralltheclaimsandcounter-claims,withnooneabletodiscernthetruth,theindustrymaysoonhavetofaceuptoreality(在所有的控訴和反控訴之后，盡管沒(méi)有一個(gè)人能識(shí)別真相，但是該行業(yè)或許很快不得不面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí))。由此可知B項(xiàng)“該行業(yè)應(yīng)該認(rèn)清現(xiàn)實(shí)，改善技術(shù)”正確。

10.單選題

Theyoungerperson’sattractiontostereoscannotbeexplainedonly（）familiaritywithtechnology.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inquestof

B.bymeansof

C.intermsof

D.byvirtueof

【答案】C

【解析】句意:年輕人對(duì)立體音響的偏愛(ài)不能僅僅用對(duì)技術(shù)的熟悉來(lái)解釋

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。inquestof探尋；尋求；bymeansof用；憑借；intermsof

依據(jù)；在…方面；從…角度來(lái)；byvirtueof由于；憑借。因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.單選題

Japanesefirmshaveachievedthehighestlevelsofmanufacturingefficiencyintheworldautomobileindustry.SomeobserversofJapanhaveassumedthatJapanesefirmsusethesamemanufacturingequipmentsandtechniquesasUnitedStatesfirms,buthavebenefitedfromtheuniquecharacteristicsofJapaneseemployeesandtheJapaneseculture.However,ifthisweretrue,thenonewouldexpectJapaneseautoplantsintheUnitedStatestoperformnobetterthanfactoriesrunbyUnitedStatescompanies.Thisisnotthecase.Japanese-runautomobileplantslocatedintheUnitedStatesandstaffedbylocalworkershavedemonstratedhigherlevelsofproductivitywhencomparedwithfactoriesownedbyUnitedStatescompanies.

OtherobserverslinkhighJapaneseproductivitytohigherlevelsofcapitalinvestmentperworker.Butahistoricalperspectiveleadstoadifferentconclusion.WhenthetwotopJapaneseautomobilemakersmatchedandthendoubledUnitedStatesproductivitylevelsinthemid-sixties,capitalinvestmentperemployeewascomparabletothatofUnitedStatesfirms.Furthermore,bythelateseventies,theamountoffixedassetsrequiredtoproduceonevehiclewasroughlyequivalentinJapanandintheUnitedStates.SincecapitalinvestmentwasnothigherinJapan,ithadtobeotherfactorsthatledtohigherproductivity.

AmorefruitfulexplanationmayliewithJapaneseproductiontechniques.Japaneseautomobileproducersdidnotsimplyimplementconventionalprocessesmoreeffectively:theymadecriticalchangesinUnitedStatesprocedures.Forinstance,themass-productionphilosophyofUnitedStatesautomakersencouragedtheproductionofhugelotsofcarsinordertoutilizefullyexpensive,component-specificequipmentandtooccupyfullyworkerswhohavebeentrainedtoexecuteoneoperationefficiently.Japaneseautomakerschosetomakesmall-lotproductionfeasiblebyintroducingseveraldeparturesfromUnitedStatespractices,includingtheuseofflexibleequipmentthatcouldbealteredeasilytodoseveraldifferentproductiontasksandthetrainingofworkersinmultiplejobs.Automakerscouldscheduletheproductionofdifferentcomponentsormodelsonsinglemachines,therebyeliminatingtheneedtostorethebufferstocksofextracomponentsthatresultwhenspecializedequipmentandworkersarekeptconstantlyactive.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofJapaneseautomobileworkers?

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraph?

4.Whatistheproblemthatisassociatedwiththeproductionofhugelotsofcarsiswhichofthefollowing?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbyinformationstatedinthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentthemajorstepsofaprocess

B.clarifyanambiguity

C.chronicleadispute

D.correctmisconceptions

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheirproductivitylevelsdidnotequalthoseofUnitedStatesautomobileworkersuntilthelateseventies.

B.Theirhighefficiencylevelsareadirectresultofculturalinfluences.

C.Theyoperatecomponent-specificmachinery.

D.Theyaretrainedtodomorethanonejob.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Atopicalthemeispresentedfollowedbysupportingexamples.

B.Opposingviewsarepresented,classifiedandthenreconciled.

C.Afactisstated,andanexplanationisadvancedandthenrefuted.

D.Atheoryisproposed,consideredandthenamended.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theneedtomanufactureflexiblemachineryandequipment

B.Theneedtostoreextracomponentsnotrequiredforimmediateuse

C.Theneedforexpensivetrainingprogramsforworkers,whichemphasizethedevelopmentoffacilityinseveralproductionjobs.

D.Theneedtoalterconventionalmass-productionprocesses

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.JapaneseandUnitedStatesautomakersdifferintheirapproachtoproductionprocesses.

B.Japaneseautomakershaveperfectedtheuseofsingle-functionequipment.

C.JapaneseautomakersinvestmorecapitalperemployeethandoUnitedStatesautomakers.

D.UnitedStates-ownedfactoriesabroadhavehigherproductionlevelsthandoJapaneseownedplantsintheUnitedStates.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章開(kāi)頭提出了話題:在世界汽車行業(yè)中日本公司的生產(chǎn)效率最高。第一段、第二段分別探討了針對(duì)此話題的兩種觀點(diǎn)并一一駁斥。第三段再提出正確觀點(diǎn)。因此，D項(xiàng)“更正錯(cuò)誤的想法”比較能概括文章目的。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出:Japaneseautomakerschosetomakesmall-lotproductionfeasiblebyintroducingseveraldeparturesfromUnitedStatespractices,includingtheuseofflexibleequipmentthatcouldbealteredeasilytodoseveraldifferentproductiontasksandthetrainingofworkersinmultiplejobs(日本汽車制造商選擇通過(guò)引入幾項(xiàng)與美國(guó)不同的做法，使小批量生產(chǎn)成為可能，包括使用靈活的設(shè)備，這些設(shè)備可以很容易地改變，以完成幾項(xiàng)不同的生產(chǎn)任務(wù)，并培訓(xùn)從事多種工作的工人)，因此，D項(xiàng)“他們（即日本汽車工人）被培訓(xùn)去做不止一項(xiàng)工作”正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。第一段先陳述事實(shí):日本企業(yè)在世界汽車企業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率中達(dá)到最高水平，隨后針對(duì)這個(gè)事實(shí)進(jìn)行解釋，最后反駁:情況不是這樣。因此，C項(xiàng)“陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)；接著進(jìn)行解釋，然后進(jìn)行反駁”正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出:therebyeliminatingtheneedtostorethebufferstocksofextracomponentsthatresultwhenspecializedequipmentandworkersarekeptconstantlyactive(從而消除了去儲(chǔ)存額外部件緩沖庫(kù)存的需要，而該需求產(chǎn)生于特定的設(shè)備和工人被保持不斷工作時(shí))。因此，B項(xiàng)“需要儲(chǔ)存不被立刻需要的額外部件”正確。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出:AmorefruitfulexplanationmayliewithJapaneseproductiontechniques.Japaneseautomobileproducersdidnotsimplyimplementconventionalprocessesmoreeffectively:theymadecriticalchangesinUnitedStatesprocedures(一個(gè)更有成效的解釋可能在于日本人的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)。日本汽車生產(chǎn)商并沒(méi)有簡(jiǎn)單地更有效地實(shí)施傳統(tǒng)流程：他們?cè)诿绹?guó)的做法上進(jìn)行了重大的變革)，由此可知A項(xiàng)“日本和美國(guó)汽車制造商在他們的生產(chǎn)流程上有差異”正確。

12.單選題

I’d（）hisreputationwithotherfarmersandbusinesspeopleinthecommunity,andthenmakeadecisionaboutwhetherornottoapprovealoan.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeintoaccount

B.accountfor

C.makeupfor

D.makeout

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我會(huì)考慮到這個(gè)地區(qū)其他農(nóng)民和商人對(duì)他的評(píng)價(jià)，然后決定是否批準(zhǔn)貸款。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。takeintoaccount考慮;重視;體諒;accountfor對(duì)…負(fù)有貴任：對(duì)…做出解釋;說(shuō)明…的原因；makeupfor補(bǔ)償；彌補(bǔ)；makeout辨認(rèn)出;說(shuō)明;填寫(xiě);設(shè)法應(yīng)付。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)是hisreputation(對(duì)他的評(píng)價(jià))，因此A項(xiàng)符合句意。

13.單選題

Intheearly20thcentury,fewthingsweremoreappealingthanthepromiseofscientificknowledge.Inaworldstrugglingwithrapidindustrialization,scienceandtechnologyseemedtooffersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem.Newlycreatedstatecollegesanduniversitiesdevotedthemselvesalmostentirelytoscientific,technological,andengineeringfields.ManyAmericanscametobelievethatscientificcertaintycouldnotonlysolvescientificproblems,butalsoreformpolitics,government,andbusiness.TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld.AfterWorldWarII,theacademicworldturnedwithnewenthusiasmtohumanisticstudies,whichseemedtomanyscholarsthebestwaytoensurethesurvivalofdemocracy.Americanscholarsfannedoutacrossmuchoftheworld~withsupportfromtheFordFoundation,theFulbrightprogram,etc.―topromotetheteachingofliteratureandtheartsinanefforttomakethecasefordemocraticfreedoms.

IntheAmericaofourownlime,thegreateducationalchallengehasbecomeanefforttostrengthentheteachingofwhatisnowknownastheSTEMdisciplines（science,technology,engineering,andmath）.ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines.India,China.Japanandotherregionsseemtobeseizingtechnologicalleadership.

Atthesametime,perhapsinevitably,thehumanities—whilestillpopularinelitecollegesanduniversities—haveexperiencedasignificantdecline.Humanisticdisciplinesareseriouslyunderfunded,notjustbythegovernmentandthefoundationsbutbyacademicinstitutionsthemselves.Humanistsareusuallyamongthelowest-paidfacultymembersatmostinstitutionsandareoftenlightlyregardedbecausetheydonotgenerategrantincomeandbecausetheyprovidenoobviouscredentials（資質(zhì)）formostnonacademiccareers.

UndoubtedlyAmericaneducationshouldtrainmorescientistsandengineers.MuchoftheconcernamongpoliticiansaboutthestateofAmericanuniversitiestodayisfocusedontheabsenceof“realworld”education—whichmeanspreparationforprofessionalandscientificcareers.Buttheideathatinstitutionsortheirstudentsmustdecidebetweenhumanitiesandscienceisfalse.Oursocietycouldnotsurvivewithoutscientificandtechnologicalknowledge.Butwewouldbeequallyimpoverished（貧困的）withouthumanisticknowledgeaswell.Scienceandtechnologyteachuswhatwecando.Humanisticthinkinghelpsusunderstandwhatweshoulddo.

Itisalmostimpossibletoimagineoursocietywithoutthinkingoftheextraordinaryachievementsofscientistsandengineersinbuildingourcomplicatedworld.Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues.Wehavealwaysneeded,andwestillneed,both.

1.Intheearly20thcenturyAmericansbelievedscienceandtechnologycould（）.

2.WhydidmanyAmericanscholarsbecomeenthusiasticabouthumanisticstudiesafterWorldWarII?

3.WhyareAmericanscholarsworriedabouteducationtoday?

4.Whataccountsforthesignificantdeclineinhumanisticstudiestoday?

5.Whydoestheauthorattachsomuchimportancetohumanisticstudies?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.solvevirtuallyallexistingproblems

B.helpraisepeople’slivingstandards

C.quickenthepaceofindustrialization

D.promotethenation’ssocialprogress

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theywantedtoimprovetheirownstatuswithinthecurrenteducationsystem.

B.Theybelievedthestabilityofasocietydependedheavilyonhumanisticstudies.

C.Theycouldgetfinancialsupportfromvariousfoundationsforhumanisticstudies.

D.Theyrealizedscienceandtechnologyalonewerenoguaranteeforabetterworld.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheSTEMsubjectsaretoochallengingforstudentstolearn.

B.SomeAsiancountrieshaveovertakenAmericainbasicsciences.

C.AmericaislaggingbehindintheSTEMdisciplines.

D.Therearenotenoughscholarsinhumanisticstudies.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Insufficientfunding

B.Shortageofdevotedfaculty

C.Shrinkingenrollment

D.Dimprospectsforgraduates

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theypromotethedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.

B.Theyhelppreparestudentsfortheirprofessionalcareers.

C.Humanisticthinkinghelpsdefineourcultureandvalues.

D.Humanisticthinkinghelpscultivatestudents’creativity.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:scienceandtechnologyseemedtooffersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem(科學(xué)與技術(shù)似乎幾乎為所有問(wèn)題提供了解決方案)。由此可知，A項(xiàng)“解決幾乎所有存在的問(wèn)題”正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。第一段指出:TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld(兩次世界大戰(zhàn)和一次大蕭條動(dòng)搖了許多人的信心，他們?cè)J(rèn)為只有科學(xué)知識(shí)才能創(chuàng)造一個(gè)繁榮有序的世界)。以及:AfterWorldWarII,theacademicworldturnedwithnewenthusiasmtohumanisticstudies,whichseemedtomanyscholarsthebestwaytoensurethesurvivalofdemocracy(第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后，學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)人文主義研究產(chǎn)生了新的熱情，這在許多學(xué)者看來(lái)是確保民主生存的最佳途徑)。由此可知，D項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)識(shí)到僅有科學(xué)和技術(shù)不能保證一個(gè)更好的世界”正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines(在這些基本學(xué)科方面，美國(guó)正落后于許多其他發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，這個(gè)擔(dān)憂是相當(dāng)合理的)。因此C項(xiàng)“美國(guó)在STEM學(xué)科上正落后”正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:Humanisticdisciplinesareseriouslyunderfunded,notjustbythegovernmentandthefoundationsbutbyacademicinstitutionsthemselves(政府、基金會(huì)和學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)本身為人文學(xué)科所提供的資金都嚴(yán)重不足)。因此A項(xiàng)“資金不足”正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues(然而，也試著去想象我們的世界沒(méi)有定義我們文化和價(jià)值的引人注目的作品)。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為人文主義研究重要是因?yàn)槿宋闹髁x思想幫助定義了我們的文化和價(jià)值觀。故選C。

14.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Someoldpeoplearetroubledbythefearofdeath.Intheyoungthereisajustificationforthisfeeling.Youngmenwhohavereasontofeartheywillbekilledinabattlemayjustifiablyfeelbitterinthethoughtthattheyhavebeencheatedofthebestthingsthatlifehastooffer.Butinanoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoysandsorrowsandhasdonewhateverworkitwasinhimtodo,thefearofdeathissomewhatignoble.Thebestwaytoovercomeit—soatleastitseemstome―istomakeyourinterestsgraduallywiderandmoreimpersonal,untilbitbybitthewallsoftheegorecede,andyourlifebecomesincreasinglypartoftheuniversallife.Anindividualhumanexistenceshouldbelikeariver—smallatfirst,narrowlycontainedwithinitsbanks,andrushingpassionatelypastrocksandoverwaterfalls.Graduallytherivergrowwider,thebanksrecede,thewatersflowmorequietly,andintheend,withoutanyvisiblebreak,theybecomepartofthesea,andpainlesslylosetheirindividualbeing.

【答案】有些老年人恐懼死亡。要是年輕人這樣想.那倒情有可原。那些害怕在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中陣亡的年輕人，想到自己被生活所欺騙，錯(cuò)失了生命中最美好的東西，感到苦澀理所當(dāng)然。但對(duì)于一個(gè)飽嘗了人間悲歡離合，實(shí)現(xiàn)一生抱負(fù)的老人來(lái)說(shuō)，恐懼死亡就有點(diǎn)不光彩了。戰(zhàn)勝對(duì)死亡的恐懼的最好的方法是——至少對(duì)我而言是可行的一一逐步拓寬你的興趣，并使其不受人際感情的影響，直到自我的圍城慢慢地消失，你的生命加快融入到眾生之中。一個(gè)人應(yīng)當(dāng)像一條河流，開(kāi)始時(shí)窄而淺，靜靜流淌于兩岸之中，然后，奔騰沖擊于巖石之間，飛流直下于高崖之處。慢慢地，河流越走越寬，河岸逐步退去，水流更顯平緩，直到最后，毫無(wú)跡象地融入大海，平和地失去了個(gè)體的存在。

15.單選題

InBritainpeople（）fourmilliontonsofpotatoeseveryyear.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.swallow

B.dispose

C.consume

D.exhaust

【答案】C

【解析】句意:在英國(guó)，人們每年消耗四百萬(wàn)噸土豆。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。swallow忍受;吞沒(méi);dispose處理;處置;安排；consume消耗；消費(fèi);exhaust耗盡;排出。空格處動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)是potatoes(土豆)，因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

16.單選題

Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,（）thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onoccasion

B.onpurpose

C.oncondition

D.onlyif

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他要我借給他一些錢，我答應(yīng)了，但條件是他下星期還錢。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。onoccasion偶爾，有時(shí)；onpurpose故意；oncondition在……條件下，如果；onlyif只要，只有。空格所在句說(shuō)的是借錢的條件，因此C項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Thenewappointmentofourpresident（）fromtheverybeginningofnextsemester.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeseffect

B.takespart

C.takesplace

D.takesturns

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。選項(xiàng)A：takeeffect“生效，起作用”;選項(xiàng)B：takepart“參與，參加”；選項(xiàng)C：takeplace“發(fā)生，舉行，就位”;選項(xiàng)D：taketurns“輪流，依次”。句意：校長(zhǎng)的新任命從下個(gè)學(xué)期的開(kāi)始就生效。根據(jù)句意可知，本題選項(xiàng)A更切合題意，正確。

18.單選題

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).

Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongascleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsscientistscontinuetoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.

Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable;hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestsaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.

Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposesforinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse,suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.

Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveriesofonebitofinformationopenthedoortothediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago;however,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.

1.Todefinesciencewemaysimplycallit（）.

2.Purescience,leadingtotheconstructionofamicroscope（）.

3.Ascientistinterestedinaddingtoourgeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallhisapproach（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorimply?

5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thestudyofunrelatedsubjects

B.anattempttoexplainnaturalphenomena

C.thestudyofunrelatedfields

D.classifiedknowledge

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.mayleadtoantiscientific,“impure”results

B.necessarilyprecedesappliedscience,leadingtothediscoveryofacell

C.isnotalwaysaspureaswesuppose

D.necessarilyresultsfromappliedscienceandthediscoveryofacell

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.appliedscience

B.agriculturescience

C.purescience

D.environmentalscience

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Scientistsoftheoreticalresearcharenotblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries.

B.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionsofthemeaningofscience.

C.Inscience,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.

D.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheNatureofScienceandScientists

B.BiologyandtheScientificAge

C.HypothesesandTheories

D.OnDistinguishingFactfromFiction

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段最后一句指出:Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts)(為了盡可能簡(jiǎn)化該定義，假設(shè)科學(xué)被定義為分類知識(shí)（事實(shí)）)。因此D項(xiàng)“分類知識(shí)”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theconstructionofamicroscope定位至最后一段:Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago;however,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell(有些發(fā)現(xiàn)似乎如此簡(jiǎn)單，以至于人們驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們?cè)诙嗄昵皼](méi)有被發(fā)現(xiàn)；然而，人們應(yīng)該記住，顯微鏡的構(gòu)造必須先于細(xì)胞的發(fā)現(xiàn))。由此可知，B項(xiàng)“一定先于導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)的應(yīng)用科學(xué)”正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposesforinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse,suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience(一種是為了滿足好奇心，被稱為純科學(xué)。另一個(gè)是為了將知識(shí)用于特定目的，例如改善健康、提高生活水平或創(chuàng)造新的消費(fèi)品。在這種情況下，知識(shí)被用于經(jīng)濟(jì)用途，這種方法被稱為應(yīng)用科學(xué))，因此C項(xiàng)“純科學(xué)”正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。A:做理論研究的科學(xué)家不必為忽視其發(fā)現(xiàn)的應(yīng)用方面而受到指責(zé)。最后一段最后一句指出:Theh