Module 4 Carnival Grammar-高中英語(yǔ)外研版必修五

GrammarReviewofthepassivevoiceWhowrotethisbook?=Thisbook__________byMarkTwain.waswrittenMarkTwainwrotethisbook.Whatisthemandoing?Heisfeeding2dogs.=2dogs___________byhim.arebeingfedWhenshallweusethepassivevoice?1.Usethepassivevoicewhenyouwanttoemphasizethereceiver,ratherthanthedoerofanaction.e.g.Williamwateredtheflowers.Theflowerswerewatered.2.Usethepassivevoicewhenyoudonotknowthedoerofanaction.e.g.Thesebooksarewrittenforteenagers.3.Usethepassivevoicewhenyouwanttobepolite,orwhenyoudonotwanttoidentifythedoerofanaction.e.g.Youarewarmlyinvitedtoaparty.Putthefollowingsentencesintopassivevoice1.Inthelate1970sstudentsrevivedthetradition.2.Today,peopleinVenicecelebratecarnivalforfivedaysinFebruary.3.Thegovernmentwillbuildmoreroadstosolvetheproblemoftrafficjams.Inthelate1970sthetraditionwasrevivedbythestudents.Today,carnivaliscelebratedinVeniceforfivedaysinFebruary.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：was/were+過(guò)去分詞一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：willbe+過(guò)去分詞Moreroadswillbebuilttosolvetheproblemoftrafficjamsbythegovernment.4.Waitamoment.Mymotheriscookinglunch.5.Peoplewerehuntingthewolfeverywherelastyear.Waitamoment.Lunchisbeingcookedbymymother.Thewolfwasbeinghuntedeverywherelastyear.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：am/is/are+being+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：was/were+being+過(guò)去分詞6.Peoplehavedonealottoprotecttheenvironment.7.Theyhadputoutthefirebeforethefirefightersarrived.Alothasbeendonetoprotecttheenvironment.Thefirehadbeenputoutbeforethefirefightersarrived.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：has/have+been+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：had+been+過(guò)去分詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)注意事項(xiàng)1.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成(be的各種時(shí)態(tài)+過(guò)去分詞)時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式(以do為例)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)將來(lái)完成時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewould/shouldbedonehave/hasbeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewould/shouldhavebeendoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone2.語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)需注意的問(wèn)題：1)含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí)有兩種變化：

①把間接賓語(yǔ)(指人)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)不變。②把直接賓語(yǔ)(指物)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)要用介詞to/for等引出。Heshowedmehispictures.Iwasshownhispicturesbyhim.Hispictureswereshowntomebyhim.Myauntmademeanewdress.Iwasmadeanewdressbymyaunt.Anewdresswasmadeformebymyaunt.2)含有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)一般不變。但在感官動(dòng)詞和使讓動(dòng)詞后面，如果賓補(bǔ)為不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí)，不定式要帶to。TheycallherXiaoLi.SheiscalledXiaoLi.Ourparentsoftenmakeusstudyhard.Weareoftenmadetostudyhardbyourparents.3)由“動(dòng)詞+prep./adv.”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)時(shí)要看成一個(gè)整體，介詞或副詞不可拆開(kāi)或漏掉。

Heworkedouttheprobleminfiveminutes.Theproblemwasworkedoutinfiveminutes.

Motherislookingafterthebaby.

ThebabyisbeinglookedafterbyMother.4)由”動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí)有兩種變化：可以把動(dòng)詞后的名詞或介詞后的名詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)。如：Thenursestakegoodcareofthewounded.Thewoundedaretakengoodcareofbythenurses.Goodcareistakenofthewoundedbythenurses.Wemustmakefulluseofourtimetostudy.Ourtimemustbemadefulluseoftostudy.Fullusemustbemadeofourtimetostudy.3.確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主被動(dòng)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題：

1)不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：happen,takeplace,occur,breakout,runout(用完),fall,appear,disappear,remain,exist,etc.2)感官系動(dòng)詞taste,smell,look,feel,sound,seem等常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。3)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞open,close,shut,read,write,wash,clean,lock,sell,wear,cut,cook等用作不及物動(dòng)詞，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)特征或狀態(tài)時(shí)，常用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng),這時(shí)，它們常和badly,hardly,easily,well,smoothly,long等副詞連用。4.有些動(dòng)詞看似及物動(dòng)詞，但賓語(yǔ)并非動(dòng)作的承受者，因此也不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如:belongto,suit,fit(適合),have,let,join,last(持續(xù)),cost(花費(fèi)),hold(容納)，lack(缺乏)，agreewith(同意),consistof(由組成),mean(意味著),contain等。e.g.Thedoordoesn’topeneasily.Bikesofthatkindhardlysell.Yourhandsfeelcold.Thathousebelongstomymother.Theroomcancontain100students.Twostudentsremainedafterclass.Ourclassconsistsof60students.Mymoneyisrunningout.4.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的情況：1)need,want,require等動(dòng)詞以及形容詞worth后面,

常跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式,用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。如:

Thisdictionaryiswellworthbuying.Thebabyrequireslookingaftercarefully.2)easy,difficult,hard,heavy,fit,comfortable等形容詞后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式,用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義,

并且該不定式與句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)須具備邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如:

Ifoundhimdifficulttogetonwith.Thechairiscomfortabletositin.Thewaterisfittodrink.Theboxisheavytocarry.3)不定式作定語(yǔ),其邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)、間接賓語(yǔ)或說(shuō)話人時(shí),用動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。如:

Shehasanoldgrandfathertolookafter.Pleasegivemeapentowritewith4)“主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)也是主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義,主要用于“sth.＋betolet/rent(出租)”

或“sb.＋be＋toblame(受責(zé)備)”結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:

It’snotmyfault.Sheistoblame.Thehouseistolet.5.記住下面固定短語(yǔ)和句型：

1)be/getmarriedtobefacedwithbelocatedin/on...beconnectedwith/tobedressedinbecoveredwithberelatedtobecrowdedwithbelostinbeseatedin/at...beengagedto2)Itishopedthat…希望……Itissupposedthat…據(jù)推測(cè)說(shuō)……Itmustbepointedoutthat…必須指出…Itwillbeseenthat…由此可以看出……Itissaid/reportedthat…據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道……Itiswellknownthat…眾所周知……Itisbelievedthat…有人相信……Itisthoughtthat…人們認(rèn)為……

LET’SDOSOMEEXERCISES!Rewritethesentencesinactivity4.1-6onpage357.Wewillteachthissongontheradio.8.Theyhavereturnedthebookstolibrary.9.Theyhadfinishedtheworkbeforetheywenthome.10.Theyareplantingtreesatthismoment.11.Theywerecleaningthewindowsatthattime.Veniceisvisitedbytouristsfromallovertheworld.Manyofthecarnivalmasksaremadebytrainedartists.Partiesweregivenbyrichpeopleeverydayforamonth.CarnivalwastakentoSouthAmericabythePortugueseandtheSpanish.TheNottingHillCarnivalwascreatedbytheWestIndiancommunityinLondon.6.Carnivalisenjoyedbymillionsofpeopletoday.7.Thissongwillbetaughton