2022年catti三級口譯英譯漢測試題及答案

2022年catti三級口譯英譯漢測試題及答案習(xí)題1Spanishoffices,storesandhospitalityvenueswillnolongerbeallowedtosettheircoolingsystemsbelow27degreesCelsius(81oFahrenheit)insummernorraiseheatingabove19oCinthewinterunderanewsetofenergy-savingmeasurespassedMonday.西班牙8月1日通過系列節(jié)能新政，要求企業(yè)、商店和招待場所夏季空調(diào)溫度不得低于27攝氏度，冬季空調(diào)溫度不得高于19攝氏度。Shopswillalsobeobligedtokeepdoorsclosedandheatingsystemsmustbecheckedmoreoftentoincreaseefficiencyunderthenewmeasures,SpanishEcologicalTransitionMinisterTeresaRiberasaid.西班牙生態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)型部長特里薩?里貝拉稱，在新措施實(shí)施后，商店需要關(guān)好大門，并必須更頻繁地檢查供暖系統(tǒng)以提高效率。Themeasuresincludeswitchingoffstorewindowlightsafter10pm.Streetlightingwillnotbeaffected.新政策還包括商店櫥窗的照明必須在晚上10時(shí)后關(guān)閉。街道照明將不受影響。RiberasaidthemeasureswouldinitiallybemaintaineduntilNovember2023.里貝拉稱，初步預(yù)計(jì)這些措施將持續(xù)到2023年11月。

PrimeMinisterPedroS6nchezannouncedthenewpackagelastweek,saying,“Youjustneedtowalkintoashoppingmalltorealizethatmaybethetemperatureissettoolow.”西班牙總理佩德羅?桑切斯上周宣布了新的一攬子計(jì)劃，他說：“你只要走進(jìn)一家購物中心，就會(huì)意識到溫度可能設(shè)定得太低了?！盨panishpublicinstitutionsalreadyoperatesimilarenergy-savingregulations.西班牙公共機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)實(shí)施了類似的節(jié)能法規(guī)。Thegovernmentsaysthemeasureswillnotonlysaveenergybutwillalsobringdownbillsforhouseholdsandbusinesses.政府表示，這些措施不僅能節(jié)約能源，還能減少家庭和企業(yè)的支出。SpainisoneofthehottestEuropeancountriesinsummer.Thecountryhasalreadyhadtwoheatwavesthisyearwithtemperaturesoftensurpassing40degreesCelsius(104F)forseveraldaysinarow.TemperaturesareforecasttosoaragaininthefirstweeksofAugust.西班牙是夏天最熱的歐洲國家之一。該國今年已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了兩次熱浪，氣溫經(jīng)常連續(xù)幾天超過40攝氏度，預(yù)計(jì)8月前幾周氣溫將再次飆升。習(xí)題2

Anyonewhorefusesadouble-dogdareisliabletobelabeledachicken.Howdogsfoundtheirwayintodarecultureremainsabitofamystery-butthereasoncowardsarecalled“chickens“isslightlyclearer.任何拒絕接受挑戰(zhàn)的人都很容易被貼上懦夫(chicken)的標(biāo)簽。為什么挑戰(zhàn)(double-dogdare)會(huì)和狗扯上關(guān)系現(xiàn)在還是一個(gè)謎，但是懦夫被稱為chicken的原因倒是略微明朗一些。AccordingtotheOxfordEnglishDictionary,theearliestwritteninstanceofthewordchickeninthecravensensecomesfromWilliamShakespeare,sCymbeline,circa1616."Forthwiththeyfly,Chickens,nhewrote,describingsoldiersfleeingabattlefield.根據(jù)《牛津英語詞典》的解釋，chicken一詞和懦夫含義相關(guān)的最早的書面實(shí)例來自威廉吸士比亞創(chuàng)作于1616年左右的《辛白林》。莎士比亞在這個(gè)劇本中形容逃離戰(zhàn)場的士兵時(shí)寫道：“他們隨即飛奔而逃，懦夫們?！盉utasGrammarphobiareports,domesticfowlhadbeenassociatedwithanabsenceofbraverylongbeforethe17thcentury.Oneplayfromaround1450describedacowardasa“henne-harte,“andpoetJohnSkeltonlikenedsomespinelesscourtierstowhen-heartedcuckoldswinhispoemWhyComeYeNattoCourtecirca1529.

但是據(jù)“語法恐懼癥”網(wǎng)站介紹，早在17世紀(jì)前，雞就和膽小關(guān)聯(lián)在一起。創(chuàng)作于1450年左右的一部戲劇將懦夫描述為“母雞心臟”，詩人約翰?斯凱爾頓在他創(chuàng)作于1529年左右的詩歌《為何你們不上朝？》中將一些諂媚無骨的朝臣比作“雞心王八”。Hensmayhaveseemedespeciallytimidbecauseroostersweretypicallycharacterizedasplucky.Ifyouwerealeader,adauntlesswarrior,orjustadominantpresenceinthemid-16thcentury,someonemightcallyoua"cock"(asacompliment).Andwhenpeoplefirststartedusingthetermhentotagsubmissiveorcowardlyfolksinthe1600s,theywereoftenjuxtaposingitwithcock.或許因?yàn)楣u通常都被描述得很大膽，從而讓母雞相形之下顯得特別膽小。如果你是16世紀(jì)中葉的一個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者、一個(gè)無畏的戰(zhàn)士或一個(gè)重要人物，有人可能會(huì)叫你“公雞”(作為贊美)。17世紀(jì)人們剛開始用母雞來指代順從懦弱的人時(shí)，通常都會(huì)與公雞一詞并列。Take,forexample,theclosingstanzaofalate17th-centuryballadknownasTaylor*sLamentation：舉17世紀(jì)晚期的一首民謠《泰勒的悲嘆》的末節(jié)為例："Eversincethenshebearssuchasway,ThatIamfore'dherLawstoobey.SheistheCockandIamtheHen,Thisismycase,Oh!pitymethen.”

“從那以后她就說一不二，她的命令我都得服從。她是公雞而我成了母雞，這就是我的命運(yùn)，哎，可憐我吧?！盩hesexistsubtexthereisn'texactlyhidden：Femalechickens,likefemalehumans,arecharacterizedassubduedandfaint-hearted,takingcuesfromtheirvalorousandpowerfulmalecounterparts.Anytimethescriptisflipped,pityisinorderforthepoorman.Fortunately,thelessgenderedphrase(hensandroostersareallchickens)wonoutovertime,thoughit'snottotallyclearwhy.Chickenmeaningfool-whichmayhavebeenanoffshootofgoose-as-fool-firststartedshowingupinprintaround1600.Soitseemspossiblethatthecowardconnotationcaughtonpartlybecausethetermalsoworkedasamoregeneralinsult,too.在這里字里行間都可以看出帶有性別歧視的隱含意思：母雞和女人一樣被刻畫成順從膽小的形象，只能聽命于勇敢強(qiáng)大的雄性。只要腳本一反轉(zhuǎn)，可憐的男人就應(yīng)該受到同情。幸運(yùn)的是，隨著時(shí)間流逝chicken這個(gè)不帶有強(qiáng)烈性別色彩的詞勝出了，母雞和公雞都統(tǒng)稱為chicken,盡管原因不是很清楚。17世紀(jì)前后，用雞(chicken)來指代傻瓜的用法首次出現(xiàn)在印刷品中，這可能是鵝帶有的傻瓜含義的衍

生用法。所以雞帶有的懦夫含義一部分可能是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)詞同時(shí)也具有更普遍的侮辱含義。習(xí)題3InflationandcrimehavegottensobadinNewYorkCitythatevencheapmeatlikeSpamhastobelockedup.紐約市的通貨膨脹和犯罪率達(dá)到空前水平，商家不得不把午餐肉罐頭等廉價(jià)肉制品都鎖起來。AtDuaneReade'sstoreinthePortAuthoritybusdepot,theshelf-stableproduct-only$3.99acan-isnowbeingstockedinplastic,anti-theftcases.在位于港務(wù)局公交站的杜安里德便利店里，這種售價(jià)為3.99美元（約合人民幣27元）的耐儲(chǔ)藏午餐肉罐頭被存放在塑料防盜盒里售賣。"I'veneverseenthatbefore!”onecashierlaughedwhileusingamagnettoremoveacanofSpamfromitscage.一位收銀員笑著用磁鐵從盒子里取出一罐午餐肉說，“我從沒見過這種情況！”Thecashierwasamongtheemployees,touristsandstoreregularsstunnedthattheiconicblue-and-yellowcansarenowbeingkeptunderlock-and-key.收銀員、店員、游客和店里的常客對此場景都感到震驚。

JennyKenny,43,whowasvisitingfromLouisville,KY,wasawareoftheongoingcrimewaveshittingcitieslikeNewYorkandSanFrancisco,butstillcouldn'tbelievethesightof“somanythingsinboxes.”43歲的顧客珍妮?肯尼來自肯塔基州路易斯維爾市，她表示，自己知道犯罪浪潮正在席卷紐約和舊金山等地，但仍然不敢相信店家“把這么多食物鎖在盒子里”?！癝omeofthesethingsareprettyridiculous,wshesaid.她說：“有些事情相當(dāng)離譜?！盇spricesandcrimeskyrocket,NewYorkCitystoreshavetakentolockingupstaplesliketoothpasteandsoaptopreventcrooksfromstealingandthenhawkingtheproductsonthesidewalkoronlinemarketplaceslikeAmazonandeBay.隨著物價(jià)上漲、犯罪率飆升，紐約的商店已經(jīng)開始給牙膏和肥皂等日常用品上鎖，以防小偷偷竊這些產(chǎn)品，并在路邊或亞馬遜和易趣等網(wǎng)站兜售兜贓物。Employeesatthestoresaidtheftshavebeensurgingoverthepasttwo-plusyears,withoneestimatingaminimumoffourshoplifterseveryeveningshift.該店員工表示，在過去兩年多的時(shí)間里，盜竊案持續(xù)激增，有員工估計(jì)，每個(gè)夜班至少會(huì)出現(xiàn)四個(gè)小偷。

Withinflationoutofcontrol-theconsumerpriceindexspiked9.1percentinJunecomparedtoayearago,evenasPresidentBidenlastweekrefusedtoacknowledgethenationisinarecessiondespitetheeconomycontractingtwoquartersinarow-emboldenedthieveshavefoundareadymarketfordiscountedstolengoodsamongrecession-wearyconsumers.6月消費(fèi)者價(jià)格指數(shù)同比上漲9.1%,盡管美國經(jīng)濟(jì)連續(xù)兩個(gè)季度出現(xiàn)萎縮，但美國總統(tǒng)拜登上周仍拒絕承認(rèn)經(jīng)濟(jì)處于衰退之中。由于通貨膨脹失控，膽大包天的小偷在深受經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退影響的消費(fèi)者中找到了“銷贓的市場”。PetitlarcenycomplaintsfortheNYPDMidtownSouthPrecinct,whichincludesthePortAuthoritybusterminal,haveshotup52percent-to1,771,throughJuly24-comparedtothesameperiodlastyear.截至7月24日，港務(wù)局公交總站所在轄區(qū)的紐約警局中城南分局處理的小型盜竊案同比增加了52%,達(dá)到1771起。習(xí)題4BoostingdomesticdemandandstabilizingthepropertysectorwillbekeyprioritiesforChina'scentralbankfortherestoftheyearinordertokeepthenation'seconomicrecoverywellontrack,officialsandexpertssaid.

官員和專家稱，為了保持經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇的勢頭，刺激內(nèi)需和穩(wěn)定房地產(chǎn)業(yè)將是中國人民銀行下半年工作的重中之重。Theloanprimerates,China'smarket-basedbenchmarklendingrates,maydeclineinthesecondhalfasthecentralbanktampsdownfinancingcostsinordertospurcreditdemandandalleviatefinancialrisksfacingthepropertysector,theysaid.官員指出，為了刺激信貸需求和化解房地產(chǎn)業(yè)的金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，人民銀行下半年可能會(huì)下調(diào)貸款基準(zhǔn)利率來降低融資成本。TheirremarkscameafteremergingsignsthatChina'seconomicrecoverymayhaveslowedduetolukewarmmarketdemand,asubduedhousingmarketandrenewedCOVID-19cases.當(dāng)前由于市場需求疲軟、樓市萎靡和疫情反復(fù)，有跡象顯示中國經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇可能會(huì)放緩。Toconsolidatetheeconomicrecovery,thePeople'sBankofChina,thecountry'scentralbank,pledgedatameetingonMondaytoamplifysupportforenterprises'creditexpansionandbringtheroleofeffectiveinvestmentfurtherintoplay.人民銀行在8月1日的一次會(huì)議上提出將加大對企業(yè)的信貸支持，發(fā)揮有效投資的關(guān)鍵作用，鞏固經(jīng)濟(jì)回升向好趨勢。Effortswillbemadetomaintainsteadyloangrowth,promotedeclinesinreallendingrateswhilekeepingthem

overallstable,andmakegooduseoffinancialtoolstosupportinfrastructureconstruction,thecentralbanksaidinastatementafteritsmidyearworkmeeting.央行在年中工作會(huì)議后發(fā)布的聲明中稱，下半年將保持貸款持續(xù)平穩(wěn)增長，引導(dǎo)實(shí)際貸款利率穩(wěn)中有降，用好政策性開發(fā)性金融工具,重點(diǎn)發(fā)力支持基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施領(lǐng)域建設(shè)。Thecentralbankwillalsokeepfinancingofthepropertysectorstableandimplementdifferentiatedcreditpoliciesbasedontheconditionsoflocalpropertymarkets,aspartofitseffortstoresolverisksinkeyareas,thestatementsaid.聲明稱，央行還將保持房地產(chǎn)融資渠道穩(wěn)定，因城施策實(shí)施好差別化住房信貸政策，防范化解重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Expertssaidthestatementindicatesthatexpandingdomesticdemandandresolvingpropertysectorriskswillbeatthetopofthecentralbank'sagenda,followingacontractioninChina'smanufacturingactivitylastmonththatpointstoslowereconomicmomentum.專家表示，從聲明中可以看出，擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需和化解房地產(chǎn)業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)將是央行的首要工作任務(wù)。7月制造業(yè)活動(dòng)收縮意味著經(jīng)濟(jì)增長勢頭放緩。Theofficialmanufacturingpurchasingmanagersindexdroppedto49inJulyfrom50.2inJune,whichexperts

attributedtoweakeningmarketdemand,includinginthepropertysector.官方發(fā)布的制造業(yè)采購經(jīng)理指數(shù)從6月的50.2回落至7月的49,專家將其歸咎于包括樓市在內(nèi)的市場需求疲軟。ZhuHaibin,JPMorgan*schiefChinaeconomist,saiditiscriticalforthecentralbankandotherauthoritiestostepupeffortstomitigatetheliquiditywoesfacingpropertydeveloperstopreventmajorriskspilloversintoothersectorsoftheeconomy.摩根大通中國首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家稱，為了防止房地產(chǎn)業(yè)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)向其他經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域大幅擴(kuò)散，央行和其他政府部門應(yīng)推出更多措施來緩解房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)商面臨的流動(dòng)性危機(jī)，這很關(guān)鍵。ThecentralbankalsovowedtomaintainfinancialmarketstabilityattheMondaymeeting.Duetoariseingeopoliticaluncertainties,thebenchmarkShanghaiCompositeIndexshed2.26percenttoTuesday'scloseat3,186.27points.在周一的會(huì)議上，央行還承諾將保持金融市場總體穩(wěn)定。由于地緣政治不穩(wěn)定因素的增多，8月2日上海證券綜合指數(shù)收盤下跌2.26%,報(bào)收3186.27點(diǎn)。Withcontrollableinflationallowingthecountry'smonetarypolicytoremainaccommodative,China'seconomicgrowthmayoutpacetheworldthisyearandattractmoreglobal

fundsintothenation'scapitalmarket,saidChannelYeung,amarketanalystatfinancialtradingplatformFXTM.金融交易平臺(tái)富拓外匯的市場分析師沙內(nèi)樂?楊指出，通脹可控的現(xiàn)狀讓中國的貨幣政策保持較強(qiáng)的可調(diào)節(jié)性，今年中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)增速可能會(huì)超出全球平均水平，并吸引更多外資進(jìn)入國內(nèi)資本市場。習(xí)題5InflationandcrimehavegottensobadinNewYorkCitythatevencheapmeatlikeSpamhastobelockedup.紐約市的通貨膨脹和犯罪率達(dá)到空前水平，商家不得不把午餐肉罐頭等廉價(jià)肉制品都鎖起來。AtDuaneReade'sstoreinthePortAuthoritybusdepot,theshelf-stableproduct-only$3.99acan-isnowbeingstockedinplastic,anti-theftcases.在位于港務(wù)局公交站的杜安里德便利店里，這種售價(jià)為3.99美元（約合人民幣27元）的耐儲(chǔ)藏午餐肉罐頭被存放在塑料防盜盒里售賣。"I'veneverseenthatbefore!”onecashierlaughedwhileusingamagnettoremoveacanofSpamfromitscage.一位收銀員笑著用磁鐵從盒子里取出一罐午餐肉說，“我從沒見過這種情況！”

Thecashierwasamongtheemployees,touristsandstoreregularsstunnedthattheiconicblue-and-yellowcansarenowbeingkeptunderlock-and-key.收銀員、店員、游客和店里的?？蛯Υ藞鼍岸几械秸痼@。JennyKenny,43,whowasvisitingfromLouisville,KY,wasawareoftheongoingcrimewaveshittingcitieslikeNewYorkandSanFrancisco,butstillcouldn,tbelievethesightof“somanythingsinboxes.”43歲的顧客珍妮?肯尼來自肯塔基州路易斯維爾市，她表示，自己知道犯罪浪潮正在席卷紐約和舊金山等地，但仍然不敢相信店家“把這么多食物鎖在盒子里”。“Someofthesethingsareprettyridiculous,wshesaid.她說：“有些事情相當(dāng)離譜?！盇spricesandcrimeskyrocket,NewYorkCitystoreshavetakentolockingupstaplesliketoothpasteandsoaptopreventcrooksfromstealingandthenhawkingtheproductsonthesidewalkoronlinemarketplaceslikeAmazonandeBay.隨著物價(jià)上漲、犯罪率飆升，紐約的商店已經(jīng)開始給牙膏和肥皂等日常用品上鎖，以防小偷偷竊這些產(chǎn)品，并在路邊或亞馬遜和易趣等網(wǎng)站兜售兜贓物。

Employeesatthestoresaidtheftshavebeensurgingoverthepasttwo-plusyears,withoneestimatingaminimumoffourshoplifterseveryeveningshift.該店員工表示，在過去兩年多的時(shí)間里，盜竊案持續(xù)激增，有員工估計(jì)，每個(gè)夜班至少會(huì)出現(xiàn)四個(gè)小偷。Withinflationoutofcontrol-theconsumerpriceindexspiked9.1percentinJunecomparedtoayearago,evenasPresidentBidenlastweekrefusedtoacknowledgethenationisinarecessiondespitetheeconomycontractingtwoquartersinarow-emboldenedthieveshavefoundareadymarketfordiscountedstolengoodsamongrecession-wearyconsumers.6月消費(fèi)者價(jià)格指數(shù)同比上漲9.1%,盡管美國經(jīng)濟(jì)連續(xù)兩個(gè)季度出現(xiàn)萎縮，但美國總統(tǒng)拜登上周仍拒絕承認(rèn)經(jīng)濟(jì)處于衰退之中。由于通貨膨脹失控，膽大包天的小偷在深受經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退影響的消費(fèi)者中找到了“銷贓的市場”。PetitlarcenycomplaintsfortheNYPDMidtownSouthPrecinct,whichincludesthePortAuthoritybusterminal,haveshotup52percent-to1,771,throughJuly24-comparedtothesameperiodlastyear.截至7月24日，港務(wù)局公交總站所在轄區(qū)的紐約警局中城南分局處理的小型盜竊案同比增加了52%,達(dá)到1771起。習(xí)題6

TheenhancedstandingoftherenminbiasakeyglobalreserveassetwillfurtherboosttheChinesecurrency'sacceleratedmarchtowardplayingamorecentralroleintheinternationalfinancialgovernancesystem,officialsandexpertssaid.政府官員和專家稱，人民幣作為主要國際儲(chǔ)備資產(chǎn)地位的提高,將進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)人民幣在國際金融治理體系中發(fā)揮更核心的作用。Nevertheless,morereformandopening-upofChina'sfinancialmarketsarestillnecessaryfortherenminbitobecomeawell-acknowledgedglobalcurrencyliketheUSdollarandtheeuro,theyadded.不過，他們認(rèn)為，要使人民幣成為美元和歐元那樣獲得廣泛認(rèn)可的全球貨幣，中國金融市場仍需深化改革開放。TakingeffectonMonday,theInternationalMonetaryFundhasraisedtheweightingoftherenminbiinthebasketofcurrenciesthatmakeuptheSpecialDrawingRights-aninternationalreserveassetalsoknownastheSDRs-by1.36percentagepointsto12.28percent.自8月1日起，國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)將人民幣在特別提款權(quán)(SDR)貨幣籃子中的權(quán)重上調(diào)至12.28%,提高了1.36個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。特別提款權(quán)是一種國際儲(chǔ)備資產(chǎn)。

TheIMFmadethedecisionfortheweightinghikebasedondevelopmentsinglobaltradeandfinancialmarketsfrom2017to2021.Aftertheweightingincrease,theChinesecurrencycontinuestoholdthethird-largestoverallsharewithintheSDRbasket,behindthedollarandtheeurobutaheadoftheJapaneseyenandtheBritishpound.IMF根據(jù)2017年至2021年全球貿(mào)易和金融市場的發(fā)展情況作出了該決定。在權(quán)重上調(diào)后，人民幣在SDR籃子中的總體份額保持在第三位，僅次于美元和歐元，但高于日元和英鎊。Asevidenceofthehastenedprogressoftherenminbifurtherintegratingwiththeglobalfinancialgovernancesystem,expertssaidtheweightingincreasewillhelpboostoverseasholdingsofrenminbi-denominatedassetsandsolidifymarketconfidenceinthecurrency.專家表示，人民幣在SDR籃子中權(quán)重提升是人民幣融入全球金融治理體系步伐進(jìn)一步加快的證據(jù)，將有助于提升人民幣資產(chǎn)的國際吸引力，提振市場對人民幣的信心。TherenminbihasretaineditspositionasthefifthmostactivecurrencyforglobalpaymentsbyvalueinJune,withashareof2.17percent,upfrom2.15percentamonthearlier,accordingtotheSocietyforWorldwideInterbankFinancialTelecommunication,orSWIFT.

環(huán)球銀行金融電信協(xié)會(huì)(SWIFT)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，6月人民幣在全球支付貨幣排名中保持全球第五大最活躍貨幣的位置，占比2.17%,高于一個(gè)月前的2.15%。Asfortherenminbi*sfunctionasareservecurrency,itsshareinglobalforeignexchangereserveshasrisento2.88percentasofthefirstquarter,rankingfifthworldwideandmarkingthehighestreadingsincetheIMFbeganreleasingthefiguresin2016.在人民幣儲(chǔ)備貨幣功能方面，截至今年一季度，人民幣在全球外匯儲(chǔ)備中的占比為2.88%,全球排名第五。這是IMF自2016年開始發(fā)布數(shù)據(jù)以來的最高水平。Moreover,theChinesecurrencyhasalsoplayedabiggerroleinsafeguardingglobalfinancialstabilityastheBankforInternationalSettlementssaidinJunethatitwilldevelopaRenminbiLiquidityArrangement.Thearrangementwillactasayuanreservepool,fromwhichparticipatingcentralbankscanobtainrenminbiliquiditywhenneededtodealwithmarketvolatility.此外，人民幣在維護(hù)全球金融穩(wěn)定方面也發(fā)揮了更大作用。國際清算銀行6月份表示，將制定人民幣流動(dòng)性安排，通過儲(chǔ)備資金池計(jì)劃，在金融市場波動(dòng)時(shí)為參加該安排的央行提供流動(dòng)性支持。習(xí)題7

Millionsofpeopleworldwidemayhavelong-termsmellortasteproblemsasaresultofCovid_19,withwomenmorelikelytobeaffected,astudysuggests.一項(xiàng)研究顯示，全球數(shù)百萬新冠肺炎患者可能會(huì)長期存在嗅覺或味覺喪失問題，尤其是女性患者。About5%ofadultsinfectedwiththecoronavirusmaydeveloplong-lastingchangestotheirsenseofsmellortaste,accordingtotheresearchpublishedintheBMJ.發(fā)表在《英國醫(yī)學(xué)期刊》的研究報(bào)告指出，約5%的新冠肺炎成年患者的味覺或嗅覺會(huì)發(fā)生持久性改變。Withmorethan550mconfirmedCovid-19casestodate,itmeanstheremaybelong-termsmelldeficienciesfor15millionpeopleandtasteproblemsfor12million(withanunknownoverlapofthosesufferingboth)foratleastsixmonthsafteraninfection.迄今為止全世界共有超5.5億例新冠肺炎確診病例，這意味著分別有1500萬和1200萬患者在感染病毒至少6個(gè)月后可能面臨長期的嗅覺和味覺功能障礙，其中一部分患者嗅覺味覺都會(huì)出現(xiàn)問題。Giventhedevastatingeffectthatlossofsmellandtastecanhaveonqualityoflifeandwellbeing,thiswillhaveahugeimpactonglobalhealth,theteamofinternationalresearcherssay.

開展該研究的跨國團(tuán)隊(duì)表示，考慮到嗅覺和味覺喪失對生活質(zhì)量和幸福感的毀滅性作用，這將對全球健康狀況產(chǎn)生巨大影響。Lossorchangeofsenseofsmellortastecanleadtouseveredistress”,theysay,andtheycallforhealthsystemstobebetterpreparedtosupportpeoplewhooftenfeel“isolated“whendismissedbyclinicians.研究團(tuán)隊(duì)指出，嗅覺或味覺喪失或改變會(huì)導(dǎo)致“嚴(yán)重后果”，他們呼吁衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)更好地給予支持，這些患者在求助臨床醫(yī)生無果后經(jīng)常會(huì)感到“孤立無援”。Dailyactivitiessuchassmellingcoffeeandtestingtheflavouroffoodcanbecome“disgustingandemotionallydistressing”,expertssay.專家稱，對這些患者而言，聞咖啡和品嘗食物等日?；顒?dòng)會(huì)變得“惡心而痛苦”。Thestudyrevieweddatafrom18studiesinvolving3,699patients.TheresearchersusedmodellingtoestimatehowmanypeoplegoontosufferfromalteredtasteorsmellforatleastsixmonthsafteraCovid_19infection.該研究回顧了涵蓋3699名患者的18項(xiàng)研究的數(shù)據(jù)。研究人員通過要模來估計(jì)有多少人在感染新冠病毒至少6個(gè)月后嗅覺或味覺發(fā)生改變。

Theyconcludedthatanestimated5.6%ofpatientshavesmelldysfunctionforatleastsixmonthsand4.4%havealteredtaste.研究人員估計(jì)，分別有5.6%和4.4%的患者在感染病毒至少6個(gè)月后出現(xiàn)嗅覺和味覺功能障礙。Womenwerelesslikelytorecovertheirsenseofsmellandtastethanmen,andpatientswithgreaterinitialseverityofsmelllossandthosewithnasalcongestionwerelesslikelytorecovertheirsenseofsmell.相比男性患者，女性患者的嗅覺和味覺更難以恢復(fù)，初期嗅覺喪失和鼻塞癥狀嚴(yán)重的患者更難以恢復(fù)嗅覺。Onefemalepatienttoldresearchersthatshehadyettorecoverhersenseofsmell27monthsafterherinitialinfection.一名女性患者告訴研究人員，她在感染新冠病毒27個(gè)月后，嗅覺還未恢復(fù)。ProfDannyAltmann,aprofessorofinnnunologyatImperialCollegeLondon,whowasnotinvolvedwiththeresearch,said：“StudiessuchasthisalertustothehiddenburdenoutthereofpeoplesufferingwithpersistentsymptomsbutperhapsnothavingthoughtitworthcontactingtheGPontheassumptiontherewouldn,tbemuchtobedone.”

沒有參與該研究的倫敦帝國理工學(xué)院免疫學(xué)教授丹尼?阿爾特曼表示：”這類研究讓我們察覺到持續(xù)性癥狀給患者帶來的隱性負(fù)擔(dān),這些人可能以為沒必要看醫(yī)生，因?yàn)樗麄冇X得看了也沒用?！绷?xí)題8Luck《祝你好運(yùn)》Inthefirstfull-lengthfilmfromSkydanceAnimation,TonyAward-nomineeEvaNoblezadaprovidesthevoiceofSam,"theunluckiestpersonintheworld".Havinggrownupinthecaresystem,shehopestonabsomeextragoodluckforafellowfosterchild,andfindsherwaytoarealmwheremagicalcreatures-includingablackcatvoicedbySimonPeggandadragonvoicedbyJaneFonda-manipulatethehumanrace'sfortunes.Itmaysoundfaintlysinister,butthedirector,PeggyHolmes,promisesthatLuckisfullof"positivityandinspiration**.TalkingtoJacksonMurphyatAnimationNow,shesays,"We'veallbeenthroughareallyhardtimetogetherintheworld.Peoplereallywanttositback,relax,andreallybeinspiredtojustkeepgoing.Whenthosebadluckdayscome,justkeepgoingbecausetherearesomegoodluckonescoming,too."在Skydance動(dòng)畫公司制作的第一部長片《祝你好運(yùn)》中，曾獲托尼獎(jiǎng)提名的伊娃?諾布勒札達(dá)將為“全世界最倒霉的人"山姆配音。

山姆從小在寄養(yǎng)家庭長大,她希望能為一個(gè)同為寄養(yǎng)兒童的伙伴搞到一些好運(yùn)氣，于是她就找到了能夠操縱人類運(yùn)氣的神奇生物，其中包括一只由西蒙?佩吉配音的黑貓和一條由簡?方達(dá)配音的龍。這也許聽上去有點(diǎn)邪惡，但是導(dǎo)演佩吉?霍姆斯承諾這部電影充滿了“正能量和啟迪”。在與《AnimationNow》雜志的杰克遜?墨菲交談時(shí)她講道：“我們共同經(jīng)歷了這個(gè)世界很艱難的一段時(shí)光。人們真的很想坐下來放松一下，在大受鼓舞之后繼續(xù)往前走。當(dāng)厄運(yùn)降臨時(shí)，要堅(jiān)持下去，因?yàn)楹眠\(yùn)總有一天也會(huì)到來?！盧eleasedon5AugustonAppleTV+worldwide該片將于8月5日在AppleTV+平臺(tái)全球同步上線。Mack&Rita《麥克和麗塔》FromFreakyFridaytoBig,13Goingon30to17Again,lotsofcomedieshaveimaginedyoungmindszappingintoolderbodies,andviceversa.ButthenewfilmfromKatieAselton(TheFreebie,BlackRock)putsafreshspinontheformula,byageingup,ratherthanusingteensandadults.Mack&Ritafeaturesa30-year-oIdauthor(ElizabethLail)whohasalwaysfeltthatshewasa70-year-oIdwomanontheinside.Aftergoingtoanew-ageworkshopinPalmSprings,sheismagicallytransformedintoa70-year-oIdwomanontheoutside,too.Inhernewidentity(DianeKeaton),sheisahappy,relaxed"glammy

granny"social-mediainfluencer,butcanthatmakeupforlosing40yearsofherlife?從《瘋狂星期五》到《長大》，從《女孩夢三十》到《重返17歲》，很多喜劇片都將小孩變成大人，或?qū)⒋笕俗兂尚『ⅰ５莿P蒂啊賽爾頓（代表作有《免費(fèi)贈(zèng)品》和《黑巖》）導(dǎo)演的這部新片給這一配方加了點(diǎn)新料，讓成年人變老，而不是讓少年與成年人角色互換。在新片《麥克和麗塔》中，伊麗莎白?萊爾飾演的30歲作家總是覺得自己內(nèi)心是個(gè)70歲的老太太。從棕相泉的一家“新年齡”工作室出來后，她神奇地變成了一個(gè)70歲老婦的模樣。用這一新身份生活的她成了一個(gè)快樂、自在的社交媒體網(wǎng)紅，人稱“魅力奶奶”（黛安?基頓飾演），但是這能夠彌補(bǔ)她失去的40年時(shí)光嗎？Releasedon12AugustintheUS,CanadaandSpain該片將于8月12日在美國、加拿大和西班牙上映。習(xí)題9InflationandcrimehavegottensobadinNewYorkCitythatevencheapmeatlikeSpamhastobelockedup.紐約市的通貨膨脹和犯罪率達(dá)到空前水平，商家不得不把午餐肉罐頭等廉價(jià)肉制品都鎖起來。AtDuaneReade'sstoreinthePortAuthoritybusdepot,theshelf-stableproduct-only$3.99acan-isnowbeingstockedinplastic,anti-theftcases.

在位于港務(wù)局公交站的杜安里德便利店里，這種售價(jià)為3.99美元（約合人民幣27元）的耐儲(chǔ)藏午餐肉罐頭被存放在塑料防盜盒里售賣。"I'veneverseenthatbefore!”onecashierlaughedwhileusingamagnettoremoveacanofSpamfromitscage.一位收銀員笑著用磁鐵從盒子里取出一罐午餐肉說，“我從沒見過這種情況！”Thecashierwasamongtheemployees,touristsandstoreregularsstunnedthattheiconicblue-and-yellowcansarenowbeingkeptunderlock-and-key.收銀員、店員、游客和店里的?？蛯Υ藞鼍岸几械秸痼@。JennyKenny,43,whowasvisitingfromLouisville,KY,wasawareoftheongoingcrimewaveshittingcitieslikeNewYorkandSanFrancisco,butstillcouldn,tbelievethesightof“somanythingsinboxes.”43歲的顧客珍妮?肯尼來自肯塔基州路易斯維爾市，她表示，自己知道犯罪浪潮正在席卷紐約和舊金山等地，但仍然不敢相信店家“把這么多食物鎖在盒子里”。aSomeofthesethingsareprettyridiculous,nshesaid.她說：“有些事情相當(dāng)離譜?！盇spricesandcrimeskyrocket,NewYorkCitystoreshavetakentolockingupstaplesliketoothpasteandsoaptoprevent

crooksfromstealingandthenhawkingtheproductsonthesidewalkoronlinemarketplaceslikeAmazonandeBay.隨著物價(jià)上漲、犯罪率飆升，紐約的商店已經(jīng)開始給牙膏和肥皂等日常用品上鎖，以防小偷偷竊這些產(chǎn)品，并在路邊或亞馬遜和易趣等網(wǎng)站兜售兜贓物。Employeesatthestoresaidtheftshavebeensurgingoverthepasttwo-plusyears,withoneestimatingaminimumoffourshoplifterseveryeveningshift.該店員工表示，在過去兩年多的時(shí)間里，盜竊案持續(xù)激增，有員工估計(jì)，每個(gè)夜班至少會(huì)出現(xiàn)四個(gè)小偷。Withinflationoutofcontrol-theconsumerpriceindexspiked9.1percentinJunecomparedtoayearago,evenasPresidentBidenlastweekrefusedtoacknowledgethenationisinarecessiondespitetheeconomycontractingtwoquartersinarow-emboldenedthieveshavefoundareadymarketfordiscountedstolengoodsamongrecession-wearyconsumers.6月消費(fèi)者價(jià)格指數(shù)同比上漲9.1%,盡管美國經(jīng)濟(jì)連續(xù)兩個(gè)季度出現(xiàn)萎縮，但美國總統(tǒng)拜登上周仍拒絕承認(rèn)經(jīng)濟(jì)處于衰退之中。由于通貨膨脹失控，膽大包天的小偷在深受經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退影響的消費(fèi)者中找到了“銷贓的市場”。PetitlarcenycomplaintsfortheNYPDMidtownSouthPrecinct,whichincludesthePortAuthoritybusterminal,have

shotup52percent-to1,771,throughJuly24-comparedtothesameperiodlastyear.截至7月24日，港務(wù)局公交總站所在轄區(qū)的紐約警局中城南分局處理的小型盜竊案同比增加了52%,達(dá)到1771起。習(xí)題10Peoplewhooftennaphaveagreaterchanceofdevelopinghighbloodpressureandhavingastroke,alargenewstudyhasfound.一項(xiàng)最新的大規(guī)模研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)常小憩的人患高血壓和中風(fēng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高。"Thismaybebecause,althoughtakinganapitselfisnotharmful,manypeoplewhotakenapsmaydosobecauseofpoorsleepatnight.Poorsleepatnightisassociatedwithpoorerhealth,andnapsarenotenoughtomakeupforthat,wsaidclinicalpsychologistMichaelGrandnerinastatement.GrandnerdirectstheBehavioralSleepMedicineClinicattheBanner-UniversityMedicalCenterinTucson,Arizona,andwasnotinvolvedinthestudy.臨床心理學(xué)家邁克爾?格蘭德納聲稱：“這可能是因?yàn)椋M管小憩本身并沒有危害，但許多人小憩可能是因?yàn)橐归g睡眠不佳。夜間睡眠不佳往往與健康狀況較差有關(guān)，小憩不足以改善健康狀況?！备裉m

德納是亞利桑那州圖森市班納大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)中心行為睡眠醫(yī)學(xué)診所主任,他沒有參與這項(xiàng)研究。Studyparticipantswhotypicallynappedduringthedaywere12%morelikelytodevelophighbloodpressureovertimeandwere24%morelikelytohaveastrokecomparedwithpeoplewhonevernapped.與從不小睡的人相比，白天經(jīng)常小睡的人隨著時(shí)間的推移患高血壓的可能性增加12%,中風(fēng)的可能性增加24%。Ifthepersonwasyoungerthanage60,nappingmostdaysraisedtheriskofdevelopinghighbloodpressureby20%comparedwithpeoplewhoneverorrarelynap,accordingtothestudypublishedMondayinHypertension,anAmericanHeartAssociationjournal.TheAHArecentlyaddedsleepdurationasoneofitseightessentialmetricstooptimalheartandbrainhealth.7月25日發(fā)表在美國心臟協(xié)會(huì)雜志《高血壓》上的一項(xiàng)研究稱,在60歲以下人群中，經(jīng)常小憩者患高血壓的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比從不小憩或很少小憩的人增加20%。美國心臟協(xié)會(huì)最近新增睡眠時(shí)間作為最佳心腦健康的八個(gè)基本指標(biāo)之一。Theresultsheldtrueevenafterresearchersexcludedpeopleathighriskforhypertension,suchasthosewithtype

2diabetes,existinghighbloodpressure,highcholesterol,sleepdisordersandwhodidnight-shiftwork.即使研究人員排除了高血壓高危人群，如患2型糖尿病、高血壓、高膽固醇、睡眠障礙和夜班工作的人群，研究結(jié)論仍然成立。Theresultsdemonstratethatnappingincreasestheincidenceofhypertensionandstroke,afteradjustingorconsideringmanyvariablesknowntobeassociatedwithriskforcardiovasculardiseaseandstroke,"saidDr.PhyllisZee,directoroftheCenterforCircadianandSleepMedicineatNorthwesternUniversityFeinbergSchoolofMedicineinChicago.位于芝加哥的西北大學(xué)范伯格醫(yī)學(xué)院晝夜節(jié)律和睡眠醫(yī)學(xué)中心主任菲利斯.澤伊博士稱：”研究結(jié)果表明，在調(diào)整或考慮了許多已知與心血管疾病和中風(fēng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相關(guān)的變量后，小睡會(huì)增加高血壓和中風(fēng)的發(fā)病率?！?Fromaclinicalstandpoint,Ithinkithighlightstheimportanceforhealthcareproviderstoroutinelyaskpatientsaboutnappingandexcessivedaytimesleepinessandevaluateforothercontributingconditionstopotentiallymodifytheriskforcardiovasculardisease,"saidZee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.

澤伊稱：“從臨床角度來看，我認(rèn)為這說明醫(yī)療服務(wù)提供者有必要定期詢問患者小憩和白天過度嗜睡的情況,并評估其他可能影響心血管疾病患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的因素?！盩hestudyuseddatafrom360,000participantswhohadgiveninformationontheirnappinghabitstotheUKBiobank,alargebiomedicaldatabaseandresearchresourcethatfollowedUKresidentsfrom2006to2010.該研究數(shù)據(jù)來自36萬名研究對象，他們向英國生物銀行提供了關(guān)于自己小憩習(xí)慣的信息。英國生物銀行是一家大型生物醫(yī)學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)庫和研究資源庫，從2006年到2010年對英國居民進(jìn)行追蹤研究。PeopleintheUKstudyprovidedblood,urineandsalivasamplesonaregularbasis,andansweredquestionsonnappingfourtimesoverthefouryearstudy.However,thestudyonlycollectednapfrequency,notduration,andreliedonself-reportsofnapping,alimitationduetoimperfectrecall.在這項(xiàng)為期四年的研究中，研究對象定期提供血液、尿液和唾液樣本，并回答了四次關(guān)于小憩的問題。然而，該研究只收集了小憩頻率，而未關(guān)注睡眠持續(xù)時(shí)間，并僅憑研究對象自述，這種方式存在局限性，因?yàn)榭赡艹霈F(xiàn)記憶偏差。"Theydidn'tdefinewhatanapshouldbe.Ifyou'regoingtobesleepingforanhour,twohours,forexample,that'snotreallyanap,"saidsleepspecialistDr.RajDasgupta,an

associateprofessorofclinicalmedicineattheKeckSchoolofMedicineattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.南加州大學(xué)凱克醫(yī)學(xué)中心臨床醫(yī)學(xué)副教授、睡眠專家拉吉?達(dá)斯古塔博士稱：“他們沒有定義什么是小憩。例如，如果你要睡一兩個(gè)小時(shí)，那就不是真正的小憩?！薄癆refreshingpowernapthat's15to20minutesaroundnoonto2pmis100%thewaytogoifyou'resleepdeprived,"saidDasgupta,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy."Ifyouhavechronicinsomniawedon'tencouragenappingbecauseittakesawaythedrivetosleepatnight."達(dá)斯古塔稱：“如果你睡眠不足，那么在中午到下午2點(diǎn)左右小睡15到20分鐘，提個(gè)神是完全可以的。如果你患有慢性失眠癥，我們不鼓勵(lì)你小睡，因?yàn)檫@么做會(huì)讓你晚上失去入睡的動(dòng)力?！边_(dá)斯古塔沒有參與這項(xiàng)研究。Mostofthepeopleinthestudywhotookregularnapssmokedcigarettes,drankdaily,snored,hadinsomniaandreportedbeinganeveningperson.在研究中，經(jīng)常小睡的大多數(shù)人吸煙、每天喝酒、打鼾、失眠，并且聲稱自己是夜貓子。Manyofthesefactorscouldimpactaperson'squalityandquantityofslumber,Dasguptasaid.Poorsleepcauses

"excessivedaytimefatiguewhichcanresultinexcessivenappingduringtheday,**hesaid.達(dá)斯古塔稱，以上許多因素可能會(huì)影響睡眠質(zhì)量和時(shí)間，睡眠不足會(huì)導(dǎo)致“白天過度疲勞，導(dǎo)致白天嗜睡”。"Idobelievenappingisawarningsignofanunderlyingsleepdisorderincertainindividuals,**headded."Sleepdisordersarelinkedtoanincreasei