外研版新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高中英語必修一Module1Grammar學(xué)案

Module1Grammar高一1部英語組2010-9-13.ThePresentTenseL表示經(jīng)常性;習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與usually,often,always,everyday,sometimes,onceamonth,never,onMondays等時間狀語連用。Henevergivesup,wheneverhefails..表示普遍真理和客觀存在的事實。Aplanetravelsmorequicklythananyothertraffic..表示現(xiàn)在時刻發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。It'sSundaytoday.Heisatchurch..表示與安排、計劃或時刻表有關(guān)的動作。常用于轉(zhuǎn)移動詞。Theeveningclassbeginsat19:00.ILThePresentContinuousTense1.表示此刻（說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作：一Isthisraincoatyours?一No,minetherebehindthedoor.A.hangsB.hungHeisplayingunderthetree.同位語當(dāng)兩個指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時，一個句子成分可被用來說明或解釋另一個句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位語（appositive。這兩個句子成分多由名詞（代詞擔(dān)任，同位語通常皆放在其說明的名詞（代詞之后。Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallyexciting.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.D.hashung(1997.表示現(xiàn)階段(目前正在進(jìn)行的動作：Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnologysorapidly.(2001ischanginghaschangedwillhavechangedwillchanged.與always,allthetime等連用可表示反復(fù)性、一貫性的動作，且常帶有贊揚(yáng)或厭惡的感情色彩。Heofhowhecandomoreforthepeople.willalwaysthinksisalwaysthinkinghasalwaysbeenthoughtdoesthinkalwayscome,go,leave,arrive,start,fly,drive等動詞可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示安排和計劃或即將發(fā)生的動作。IwanttoknowwhenheforNewYork.hasleftC.hadleftD.wouldleaveExercises:1一Isthisraincoatyours?一No,minetherebehindthedoor.(1997A.hangshungishanginghashung2Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology—sorapidly.(2001ischanginghaschangedwillhavechangedwillchanged3Heofhowhecandomoreforthepeople.willalwaysthinksisalwaysthinkinghasalwaysbeenthoughtdoesthinkalways41wanttoknowwhenheforNewYork.hasleftisleavinghadleftwouldleave5Scientiststhinkthatthecontinentsalwayswheretheytoday.aren't;arearen't;wereweren't;areweren't;were6Monthsago,wesailed10,000milesacrossthisopensea,whichthePacific,andwemetnostorms.wascallediscalledhadbeencalledhasbeencalled7SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasn'tstoppedringing.PeopletoaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.phonewillphonewerephoningarephoning8一Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon?—Iamgoingtothecinemawithsomefriends.Thefilmquiteearly,sowetothebookstoreafterthat.finished;aregoingfinished;gofinishes;aregoingfinishes;go9Becausetheshop,alltheT-shirtsaresoldathalfprice.closeddownhascloseddownisclosingdownD.hadcloseddown101ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven'thadtimetoplaysincetheNewYear.willplayhaveplayedplayedplayIV.基本句型V、主語一系動詞一表語（SVC英文中常見的系動詞主要有:become,look,seem,appear,get,feel,grow,turn,remain,come,fall,hold,keep,stand,stay,smell,sound,taste等。系動詞后接的部分可稱為表語或（主語補(bǔ)足語，主要是用來說明主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、特征、職業(yè)、年齡等生寸OThismachineisingoodcondition.這臺機(jī)器的情況良好。Thegardensmellspleasant.這座花園香氣怡人。Silkfeelssoftandsmooth.絲綢摸起來又軟又滑。二、主語一動詞（SV這種句型中的謂語動詞是不及物動詞，沒有直接賓語;但常帶有狀語。Thewaterisboiling.Theyhavebeenwaitingthereforhours.Thetrainwillleavesoon.Theflagsarewavinginthewind.三、主語一動詞一賓語（SVO這一句型中的謂語動詞是及物動詞，必須帶有自己的賓語。Hehasasister.Theywantedtohavearest.Shesuccessfullycarriedoutherplan.四、主語一動詞一賓語一賓語（SVOO此句型中的謂語動詞后接兩個賓語:前一個賓語稱為“間接賓語”，多由代詞或名詞充當(dāng);后一個賓語稱為”直接賓語;往往由名詞充當(dāng)。這類句型常有”給某人某物“、“送某人某物“、"留給某人某物”等意思。常見的這類謂語動詞有g(shù)ive,bring,tell,send,leave,pass,write,take,show,teach,get,award,lend,rent,buy,pay,hand,recommend等oShebroughtmeashirt.Passhimthedictionary,please.Ilendhimmybicycle.五、主語一動詞一賓語一賓語補(bǔ)足語（SVOC在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語補(bǔ)足語是對賓語“做什么“、“怎么樣”等方面進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。賓語和謂語動詞是“動賓關(guān)系”，而賓語和它的補(bǔ)足語在邏輯上卻是“主謂關(guān)系賓語補(bǔ)足語可由名詞、形容詞、動詞不定式、分詞或介詞短語擔(dān)當(dāng)。Weelectedhimourmonitor.Thenewsmademehappy.PresidentappointedJohnmanagerofMarketing.Heheardsomebodyopeningthedoor.Weknowhimtobeanexpert.Thestorymadeuslaugh.Ifoundmyselfindark.V.句子的成分構(gòu)成句子的基本成分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分為主語，謂語，賓語，表語，定語,狀語，同位語。它們可以由單詞來擔(dān)任，也可以由詞組以及句子來擔(dān)任。主語一個句子中所要表達(dá)、描述的人或物，是句子的主體。Iworkhere.Sheisanewteacher.Heisinchargeofalimitedcompany.主語可以由名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，動詞不定式，動名詞,名詞化形容詞，分詞，從句，短語等來擔(dān)任。Thebookisonthedesk.Whentobeginisnotknownyet.Thewoundedhasbeentakentothehospital.謂語用來說明主語做了什么動作或處在什么狀態(tài)。謂語可以由動詞來擔(dān)任,一般放在主語的后面。Thechildhasbeenbroughtupbyhismother.Wedon'tknowhimverywell.ShespeaksEnglishfluently.表語是用來說明主語的性質(zhì)，身份，特征和狀態(tài)。表語須和連系動詞一起構(gòu)成句子的復(fù)合謂語。表語一般放在系動詞之后。表語可以由名詞,形容詞或起名詞和形容詞作用的詞和短語擔(dān)任。Thesedesksareyellow.Wearehappynow.Thedictionaryisinthebag.Myquestionishowyouknewhim.賓語是謂語動作所涉及的對象,它是動作的承受者。賓語可以由名詞或起名詞作用的成分擔(dān)任，賓語一般放在謂語動詞后面。Isawacatinthetree.Iwanttogoshopping.Wethinkyouareright.有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語,其中一個賓語多指人，另一個賓語指物，指人的賓語叫做間接賓語，指物的賓語叫做直接賓語，可以帶兩個賓語的動詞有bring,give,show,send,pass,tell等。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語的前面，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)直接賓語可把直接賓語放在間接賓語的前面，但間接賓語前須加“to”。Myfatherboughtmeabook.Givetherubbertome.PleasegivethelettertoXiaoLi.有些及物動詞除跟一個賓語外，還需要加上賓語補(bǔ)足語，否則意思不完整,它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語,復(fù)合賓語中賓語和后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語有一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，這也是判斷是兩個賓語還是復(fù)合賓語的依據(jù)，賓語可以由名詞或起名詞作用的詞擔(dān)任。WeallcallhimLaoWang.Pleasecoloritred.Wefoundthelittlegirlinthehill.定語用于描述名詞，代詞，短語或從句的性質(zhì)、特征范圍等情況的詞叫做定語;定語可以由名詞，形容詞和起名詞和形容詞作用的詞、短語擔(dān)任。如果定語是單個詞，定語放在被修飾詞的前面，如果是詞組，定語放在被修飾詞的后面。Thatisabeautifulflower