新視野大學英語第3冊,課后練習原文

Unit1WhenIthinkofpeopleinthisworldwhohavereallymadeadifference,Ithinkofmyparents.Theyweretrulysaintsamongordinarypeople.Iwasoneofthetenchildrenmyparentsadopted.Theyrescuedeachofusfromalifeofpovertyandloneliness.Theywerehardlyabletorestrainthemselvesfrombringinghomemorechildrentocarefor.Iftheyhadhadtheresourcestheycertainlywouldhave.Mostpeopledonotrealizehowmuchtheyappreciatesomeoneuntiltheypassaway.MysistersandbrothersandIdidnotwantthistohappenbeforeweuttered（發(fā)出,講出）thewords“Thankyou"toourparents.Althoughwehaveallgrownupandscatteredaboutthecountry,wegotbacktogethertothankourparents.MybrotherTomundertookthetaskoforganizingtheevent.EveryFridaynight,MomandDadhavehadthehamdinnerspecialatthesamerestaurantforthelasttwentyyears.Thatiswherewewaitedwithouttheirknowing.Whenwefirstcaughtaglimoseofthemcomingacrossthestreet,weallhideunderneathabigtable.Whentheyentered,weleaptoutandshouted,"Thankyou,MomandDad."MybrotherTompresentedthemwithacardandweallhugged.MyDadpretendedthathehadknownwewereunderthetableallalong.Unit2Womenwhoexerciseregularlyneedtobecarefulwithwhattheyeat.Researchershavefoundevidencethatevenmoderateexercisecanresultinlosingiron.Theysaidthatwomenwhoexerciseregularly,especiallyinenduranceactivities,typicallyloseiron.Inordertopreventthisfrombecomingaproblem,itisimportantthatthosewomenconsumemoremeatortakesupplementstoreplacetheironlost.Thosewhodonotbothertogetplentifulamountsofironmaybegintofeelweakandtired."Ifyoucangettherecommendeddailyallowanceofironinyourdiet,youwillprobablyperformbetter,"saidonedietspecialist."Oneshortcomingoftakingironpillsisthatthepillformisnotwellabsorbedandcansometimesmakeyousick.Itispreferablethatyoutrytoremedythedeficiencybygettingmoreiron-richmeatsinyourdiet."Therearewaystohelpyourbodystoreawaytheironittakesin.BygettingplentyofVitaminC,yourbodyisabletoprocess,oruse,theironbetter.Researchersacknowledgethateveryone'sbodyisdifferentandtheproblemwillbelessseriousforsome.Becauseitisimpossibletodecidewhetherornotthiscouldbeaproblemforyou,healthspecialistssayitisadvisabletocheckyourironlevels.Evenwhenyoucan'tfeelit,youmaystillhaveaproblem.Unit3Whilemanyprivateschoolsarefocusingmoreonvalues,publicschoolsaremovingtowardtestingstandards.Thenationalgovernmentdemandsacademicsuccessandtestsaretakenasakeymeasurementforaschool'sperformance.Schoolswithlowtestscoresfacepenaltiessuchasareductioninmoneytoruntheirschools.And,evenindividualteachersarebeinggradedonhowthey'repreparingtheirstudentsforthesetests."Wehaveconcentratedtoomuchonteachingthekidshowtotakethesetests,"commentedoneelementaryschoolteacher."Weshouldbeprovidingamorecomorehensivecurriculumtothesekids.Weshouldbecultivatingleadershipandcuriosity.Unfortunately,thereisnevertime."Oneschoolprincipalremarked,Mlt'struethatitwouldbebeneficialtoourkidsiftheyweregettingbetterscoresonthesubjectsbeingtested.Thetroubleisthatinpoorerareasofthecitylikeours,kidsstartschoollesseauippedtoperformwell.Wehavemanyobstaclestoovercomebeforewecanteachthembasicsubjects.Allschoolsarenotalike,sotheyshouldn'tbetestedthatway.""Thegoalistoimproveperformanceinschoolsthatarenotprovidingtheirstudentswithtoolsforsuccess,"saidonegovernmentofficial.Headmits,however,thatheishavingahardtimeconvincingfacultyandteachersthisplanwillwork.Unit4Formany,beautyandfashionarepermanentlylinked.Withregardtofashion,theBarbiedollhasbeenconsistentlyinstyle.FromthefirstBarbiedolls,Matteltookcaretodressthemindetailed,fashionableclothes.SomeobserversnotethatthefashionsoftheBarbiedolltracefashiontrendsperfectlysince1959.Whilecriticscomplainthatthemodelsdonotrepresent“average"femalebodies,theyalsocomplainabouttheBarbiedoll'ssize.Somehavecriticizedthedimensions(尺、J)oftheBarbiedollasanunattainableidealofthefemaleshape.CharlotteJohnson,theBarbiedoll'sfirstdressdesigner,explainedthatthedollwasnotintendedtoreflectafemalefigurerealistically,butrathertoportraya(n)exaggeratedshapeunderneathfashionableclothes.However,theunrealisticdimensionsofthedollhavebroughtthestrongestcriticismregardingthedoll'sencouragementofanobsessionwithweightandlooks.ConvincedofthenegativeeffectsoftheBarbiedollonchildren,CathyMeredigofHighSelfEsteemToysdevelopedamorerealisticallyproportioneddollin1991.Herdolldidnotsellwell,however.Throughouttheyears,theBarbiedollhashadseveralcompetitorsbutnonehavebeenabletocompetewiththeglamourofferedbytheBarbiedoll.U5Asasurgeon,Ihaveseenalotofdeaths.Iamrarelyastonishedbyanything.Theotherday,however,onehumorousandslightlyoddstoryIheardtouchedme.Adoctortoldmethataveryoldwomanhewasdead,butwhenhewastreatingwaslyingmotionlessonherpillowfacedown.Hethoughtshewasdead,butwhenheapproachedhenoticedshewasbreathing.Herhospitalgownexposedherbackbare,soheputacoveroverher.Justthenshesatupslowly,startlingthedoctor.Sheseemedquitealive.“Ithoughtyouwerenearlygone,**thedoctorsaid.“Yourbreathingwassoshallowandyouseemedlifeless."“Nevermindthat,doctor,l*vebeenwaitingforyou,"theoldwomansaidquiteconfidentlyasifshewerehismother.Shehadbeenagoodmothertofour,butshehadsurvivedthemall.Shegracefullyhandedthedoctorajabofsampledalittleandtoldheitwasdeliciours.“Good,“shesaid,handinghimapieceofpaperwithwriting.**ThisishowtomakeitHeunderstoodwhata(n)privilegeshehadgivenhimandtookitwiththanksandthenleft.TheoldwomanlaybackdownanddiedsoonafterhisdepartureUnit6DoyouknowFebruary2ndisGroundhog'sDay(土撥鼠日)？Legendhasitthatonthismorning,ifagroundhogcanseeitsshadow,therewillbesixmoreweeksofwinter.Ifitcannotseeitsshadow,springisontheway.Somebelievethatthemeansofforecastisratherarbitraryandisoftenincorrect.Othersarguethatitissignificantbecauseitrecognizesthatthedifferentpartsofnatureareconnectedinsomeway.Eachpartisdependentontherestofthepartsforahealthysystem.SomefarmerspaycloseattentiontothebehaviorofducksandgeesewhenDredictinqtheweather.ItissensibletoguessanearlywinteriscomingwhenyouseeducksandgeesemovingsouthinOctober.Manydogownerscantellwhenwinterorspringwillcomebystrokingtheirpet.Inpreparationforwinter,adog'shairbecomesthicker.Dogslosehairasspringsetsin.Informationgatheredfromnaturecanhelppeopletotakeprecautionsagainstahardwinterorbadstorm.Someanimalsareevenbelievedtobeabletodetectwhenanearthquakewilloccur.Peopleholdingthisbeliefevengofurthertosaythatinformationgatheredbycomputersisoftenworthlessandnatureisfarmoreaccurate:Isn'tittimewestartedpayingattentiontowhatisaroundus?Unit7BillGatesisknownaroundtheworldforthefoundingofMicrosoft.And,mostpeoplearequiteawarethathisevolutionfromcomputerhackertotheworld'srichestmanwasdueinlargeparttohispartnerPaulAllen.But,whileGates'famehasmushroomedsincethebeginningofMicrosoft,Allenhasremainedlessfamous.ManyaroundtheworldhavefollowedthelifeofGates,butareignorantofwhathashappenedtoAllen.Infact,asmostintheNorthwestcantellyou,Allenhasmadequitea(n)impactontheregionandtheworld.In2000,heretiredfromMicrosoft,butthecompanyretainshimasapermanentadvisortotopexecutives.NotallofAllen'sinterestsinvolvecommercialsuccess.AllenhasgivenfourhundredmilliondollarsincharitytotheUniversityofWashingtonforscienceandtechnologyresearch.HecreatedtheExperienceMusicProjectinSeattle,employingfamousarchitectFrankGehrytodesignthebuilding.Thisisnothisonlycontributiontothearts.AllenisveryinvolvedwithmodernizingHollywood'smovietechnology.Hisfilmstudioisthemostadvancedintheworld.Hehasalsobuiltasportsempire,buyingbothabasketballandafootballteamaswellashelpingtosupportalocalstadium,andheownsasportsmagazine.Oh,andlet'snotforget,Allenistheseventhrichestmanintheentireworld.Notbad.Unit8YouhaveprobablyheardofDolly.Sheistheworld'sfirstclonedsheepandquitefamous.Youwouldneverknowthatshewassuchafamousanimaljustbylookingather,though."She'saboutasunremarkable-lookingasanysheepthereeverwas,"commentedonescientistwhotendstothefamoussheep.NowthatDollyhassuccessfullybeencloned,therearemanyscientistsobservinghereverymovement.TheirhopeisthattheyneverdetectanythingremarkablewithDolly.Oneofthescientistshumorouslyremarked,"It'squitea(n)boringjobalwayssittingaroundhopingnothingwillactuallyhappen."Butthat'swhattheyhaveessentiallydone.TheyhopethatanydifferencesbetweenDollyandthesheepshewascopiedfromaresominorthattheygounnoticed."Wedon'twantDollytolivelongerorjumphigher.Somesaythatwearedeliberatelytryingtocreateanimalswithremarkablequalities.Thisisnottrue.Wesimplyareshowingthatwecanmakea（n）identicalcopyoftheoriginalsafelyandthatthesheepisnormal."Despitetheprotestsofthescientistsworkingontheproject,thedebateoverwhethercloningissafegoeson.TheUScongressorganizedanationalcommissiontostudythelegalandmoralimplicationsofcloning.Manywouldliketoabolishallresearchoncloning.Andwhileeveryoneargues,thescientistsaresimplycontinuingtowatchDolly.Unit9Myfriend,Anna,saidtomebeforeImarriedMike,"He'sfinenow,butwaituntilafteryou'vemarriedhim."ShethoughtthatherownexperiencewithmarriagewasaDDlicabletomine.Withoutevenbeingasked,shecitedalloftheproblemsshe'shadwithherhusband.Thedisputesrangedfromhimnotsharingresponsibilityforhouseholdtaskstohowoftenhewentoutatnight.Andeverytime,Annacomplained,herhusbandwouldfindjustificationforwhathedid."IfIwereyou,"sheadvised,"I'dgeteverythingdocumentedinwriting.Ifthereissomethingdesirableabouthimnow,makesureyougetanagreementfromhimthathewillcontinueita代eryouaremarried."Itriedtodispose（處理掉,丟掉）ofheradvicesayingthatIthoughtMikeandIcouldhandleitwithoutsuchanagreement.Shejustdismissed（駁回）whatIhadtosaywithlaughter."Youcan'tbelievehimjustbecausewhathesaid.Onceyoumarryhim,he'llthinkheownsyou,andeverythingwillchange,"shesaid.Itriedtoignoreheradvice,butthenextdayIchangedmymindandtalkedtoMike."Mike,"Isaid,"I'mnotgoingtomarryyouunlessyoupromisetoalwaysstaythesame."Hereplied,"You'vebeentalkingtoAnnaagain,haven'tyou?"Unite1Althoughtheymaynotbetheworld'sfastestorstrongestathletes,the1830competitionsinthe2005SpecialOlympicsWorldWinterGamesheldinNagano,Japancompetedwithalltheirhearts.AttheclosingceremonyPrincessTakamadoofJapanmadeaspeech.Shesaid,'Thepastweekwasallaboutsmiles,gentlenessandpeace.Itrulyhopewithinmyheartthattheentireworldcanlearnsomethinghere.Wecanalllearnfromtheexamplesthesespecialathleteshaveshownus.,TheaimoftheSpecialOlympicsisclear.Itistoencourageindividualswithintellectualdisabilitiestobecomephysicallyfit.Theyarealsoencouragedtobeproductiveandrespectedmembersofsocietythroughsportstrainingandcompetition.Ifanathletewinsincompetition,itisabonus.However,inawayeveryonewins.LilyKuhn,12,askierwithTeamUSA,couldhardlyrestrainherenthusiasmasthewrotehome.Shetoldherparents:Iwasproudofmyself.Iamhappynotsimplyforwinning,butfbrwinninghonestly,lovingtocompeteandworkingthehardestforthelongesttime.Thefestivalendingthegamesissomethingtoremember.Itisn'tcompletewithoutthehugs.Oneeventvolunteerwhilehuggingandhandingoutsweatshirtstosomeoftheathleteshelduphisthumbsandsaid,"Alloftheseathletesaresuper!Ican'tgoanywherearoundherewithoutgettingahug.Iprayformoreofthissortofthing.Ihopethatthespiritwithwhichtheyhavecompetedmighttouchthewholeworld.Watchingtheseyoungpeopleblossomoverthepastweekhastrulytouchedmylife.”Attheendofthefestival,thevicemayorforthecityofShanghai,whichwillhostthe2007summergames,acceptedtheflagfortheSpecialOlympicspledgingthat“thecityofShanghaiwouldopenitsarmstotheworldandtotheSpecialOlympics”.Unite2JimFixxhadbeenaheavysmokerandweighed214poundswhenhetookuprunninginthe1960s.Hesoonreapedthebenefitsfromrunning.Hisweightdecreasedby60poundsbythetimehisbook,TheCompleteBookOfRunning,waspublished.Hisbookinspiredmillionsofpeople.Inhisbookandontelevisiontalkshows,heextolledthebenefitsofphysicalexerciseandhowitconsiderablyincreasedtheaveragepeople'slifeexpectancy.Hisreadersandaudiencebecamemorehealth-conscious.However,totheirshock,Fixxdiedattheageof52afterhisdailyrun.Manywhoopposedhisbeliefssaidthiswasevidencethatrunningwasharmful.However,hissupportersrevealedthattherealcauseofFixx'sdeathwasaheartattack.Hecamefromafamilywheremenhadpoorhealthstories.Hisfathersufferedaheartattackattheageof35anddiedofoneat42.GivenFixx'sunhealthylifestyleuntilhetookuprunning,manyarguedthatrunningaddedmanyyearstohislife."Runningdoeshaveitsshortcomings,"AcknowledgesheartspecialistPaulThomas,inarecentmedicaljournal."Theimpactcanbehardonyourknees.Runnersaremoreatriskduringtheirtraining,particularlyiftheyrunmarathons.However,thenewsforrunnersisn'tallbad.Evidencesuggestsinspiteofitsshortcomings,moderateamountofrunningexercisecanactuallyresultinalonger,improvedlife."Dr.DaleMacdonald,acertifiedStrengthandConditioningspecialistoncesummedupadiscussionbysaying,"Aswithallathleticendeavors,runningcomeswithbothgreatrewardandinherentrisk.Morethan60%ofrunnerswillsufferaninjurythatcausesthemtotaketimeoffrunning-eachyear!''Healsosaidthatimprovingone'sbalancecanreducethelikelihoodofinjury.Unite3Hydewasfoundedin1966toprovideeducationbasedoncharacterdevelopmentratherthanacademicachievement.Itisaplacewherewell-to-dofamiliescansendtheirchildrenwhohavedifficultyinothereducationalenvironments.Manystudentsaretherebecausetheirparentsbelieveintheeducationaltheoryofcharacterbeforeperformance.AlthoughHydeistypicallycategorizedasacollegepreparatoryschool,theschoolregardsitsprimarypurposeaspreparationforlife.Hydehelpsstudentslearn,embrace,andadoptacharactercompassthatwillguidethemfortherestoftheirlives.Emphasisisplacedonperformingartsandsports.Hydebelievesthatoneneedstoexposethemselvestogroupandcommunityinteractionsaspartofthegrowthprocess.Competitivesportsareplayedyearroundandhaveledtomanychampionships.Therearetypicalhighschoolclassesandacademics.ManyAdvancedPlacementcoursesareavailableandencouraged.Moststudentsareacceptedtofour-yearcollegesanduniversities.Thereare“GroupDiscovery“sessionsseveraltimesperweek.Studentsareencouragedtocounseleachotherwhentheythinkanotherstudent'sactionsorthoughtsdonotcorrespondtotheschoofsphilosophy.Thesesessionsfocusontheindividualstudentsandtheircurrentissuesandproblemsfacedattheschool.Studentsareencouragedtoshareintimatesecrets,doubtsandregretsaboutthemselvesandtheirfamilies.Thesesessionsareextendedtoparents.ThepurposeofthesesessionsistoinvolvethewholefamilyintotheHydecommunitysocialstructure.Truthisemphasizedoverharmony.Studentswhohavedifficultywithfollowingtheschoolrulesareassignedtoperformmaintenancejobsandlawncarefortheschool.Thepracticeisnotsolelypunitivebutalsoservestoillustratethatthetransgressorhasseparatedhim/herselffromthecommunitybytheiractions.Theideabehinditistoearnacceptancebythegroup,andworkbackintothetrustofthecommunity.Unite4WhenHenryFordannouncedhewasgoingtoproduceanautomobilethatwouldbeaffordabletothegeneralpopulation,heprobablydidnotrealizewhatagreatimpacthisachievementwouldhaveonlifeintheUnitedStatesand,eventually,theworld.Ford'suseofmassproductionstrategiestomanufacturetheModelTstartedanewerainpersonaltransportation.Asaresult,roadswerebuiltforthesakeofcarsandthegreatermobilityofpeople.Withcarsandtheroads,havingabusinessofone'sownbecamealotmorefeasible.Everytypeofbusinesssprungup.Customerscouldeasilygettothestoresnomatterwheretheywereintown,providedtherewasaroad,sobusinessesnolongerhadtobelocatedatatown'scenter.Andwhataboutthefamilyvacation?Familiespackedintotheircarsanddroveacrossthecountrytoexplorethenewfrontier,stoppingateverypossibleroadsideattractionontheway.Therewasnolimittowhereyoucouldgoandwhatyoucouldsee.Thecarofferedasenseofindependenceand,asAmericansparticularlyhatedtoberestricted,theyfellinlovewiththeautomobileinstantly.Onaverage,eachAmericanhouseholdownstwoormorecars.Astheworldgetsmorecomplicated,drivingcarsaroundhelpspeoplecopewiththedemandsofmodernlife.IfyouaskpeoplewhatqualitiesdefineAmericans,theywillprobablysaythatthetwodominatingcharacteristicsofanAmericanareinventivenessandindependence.Americaistrulythelandofcarsandcarculture.Unite5Agingisanaturalprocess.Althoughmedicaladvancementshavecomeupwithwaystocoversignsofaging,thereisnostoppingtheprocess.Duringtheclosingperiodinthelifespanofhumanbeings,peopletendto"moveaway''frommoredesirablepreviousperiods,oftenknownas"usefulness".Agesixtyisusuallyconsideredthedividinglinebetweenmiddleandoldage.Itisthetimewhereyouareconsideredan"elderly'',meaningsomewhatoldoradvancedbeyondmiddleage.Periodofdeclinecomespartlyfromphysicalandpartlypsychologicalfactors.Thephysicalcauseofdeclineisachangeinthebodycellsduetotheeffectsoftheagingprocess.Thepsychologicalcauseofdeclinehassomethingtodowithunfavorableattitudestowardoneself,otherpeople,workandlifeingeneral.Senility,amoreorlesscompletephysicalbreakdown,willtakeplacewhenthereismentaldisorganization.Theindividualbecomescareless,absent-minded,sociallywithdrawn,andpromptlyadjusted.Duetotheunfavorablesocialattitudestowardtheelderly,treatmenttowardtheminAmerican,unlikeothercultures,makesthemfeelnolongerusefulandunwanted.Peoplewhocomefromcountrieswhererespectfortheelderlyiscustomaryusuallytreatelderpeoplewithmoreconsiderationandrespect.Infact,oldpeopleareatreasureofexperiencetosociety.Itisexpectedthatoldpeoplewillplayanincreasinglyactiveroleinsocialandcommunityaffairsaswellasinthebusinessandprofessionalworlds.Becauseofthereductioninthenumberofrolestheelderlyareabletoplay,itisverylikelythattheywilldevelopafeelingofinferiority.Itisourdutytomakethembetterrealizevalueandhelpthemleadalifeofcomfort.U6Earthquakeshave 1B.plaguedourlivesforaslongaspeoplehaveinhabitedtheEarth.ThesedagerousactsoftheEarthhave 2C.resultedingreatdamagetohumanbeings.Earthquakedamage 3A.dependsonwhatareaishit.Ifanunpopulatedregionis 4B.struck,therewillbelowlossoflifeorproperty.Ifithitsalargecitywhichis5C.denselypopulated,theremaybeseriousinjuriesanddestruction.Earthquakeshavethepowertouproottreesandsendthem 6D.crashingintobulidings.Theycantriggerlandslidesandcausefloodingandtsunamis.BulidingsandstructuresarealsoA.atrisk.itisinterstingtonotethattallbuildingswillsuffertheleastdamageiftheyarelocateddirectlyat