




版權說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權,請進行舉報或認領
文檔簡介
【文檔尺寸:A4字體:仿宋標題字號:20正文字號:12】十三陵英語導游詞十三陵英語導游詞篇1MingTombsTheMingTombsarelocatedinChangpingDistrict,about50kilometers(31miles)tothenorthwestofBeijing.Thisimperialcemeterycoversanareaof40squarekilometerswith13Mingemperors,23empresses,manyimperialconcubines,princesandprincessesburiedthere.ThesetombsarethebestpreservedofallChineseimperialtombs.TheMingDynastystartedfrom1368to1644,lasting276years.Altogether16emperorsruledintheMingDynasty.Butoutofthe16emperors,13emperorswereburiedinBeijingMingTombsarea.ThefirstMingEmperorZhuYuanzhanghadhistombbuiltinNanjingandhewasburiedinXiaolingofNanjing.ZhuYuanzhang,thefounderoftheMingDynasty,wasbornin1328anddiedin1398.HebuledChinafor31years,hecamefromapoorpeasantfamiluy.In1345bothhisparensandhisbrotherdiedofseriousnaturalcalamitywithinhalfayearwhenhewas17yearsold.Inordertomakehislivelihood,hewenttoatemple,therehetooktonsureandbecameaBuddhistmonk.HewentoutthreeyearsforbeggingalmsinHenan,Anhuiandsouthofthecountry.In1348,hecamebacktothetempleandwasdeterminedtostudydiligently.In1351,theRedTurbanPeasantArmyappearedinChina,laterin1352,hejoinedtheRedTurbanPeasantArmy,fightingagainsttheYuancourt.Finallyhebecamethechiefleaderinthearmy.In1368ZhuYuanzhangestablishedtheMingDynastywithitscapitalinNanjing,JiangsuProvince.In1398,afterhis31yearsontheActuallywearestandingontheaxlelineoftheMingTombs,otherwiseknownastheSacredWayortheTombpath.WepassedtheMemorialArch,theBigPalaceGate,theTabletHouse,SacredWay,stoneanimalsandstatues,andLingXingGate.Thisseven-kilometerlongsacredpathwayleadsfromsouthtonorth,allthewaytotheGateofChangling.Now,wearemovingtoChangLing.ChanglingisthefirsttombbuiltintheMingTombsarea,covering10hectaresandcontainingEmperorZhuDiandhisempressXu.ZhuDi(Chengzu)oftheMingDynastywasthefourthsonofthefirstEmperorZhuYuanzhang,bornin1360.ZhuDiwasconferredthetitleoftheprinceofYaninthe3rdyearofHongwu(1370).HewasappointedatBeiping.AfterthedeathofZhuYuanzhang(thefirstMingEmperor),ZhuDiusedthepretextofeliminatingevilofficialsatthesideofEmperorJianwentoleadanarmyexpeditiondownsouthtoNanjing.Heseizedthethroneinthe4thyearofJianwen(1402)andascendedthethroneinJuneinsidetheHallofAncestralWorshipinNanjing.ZhuDiwasanemperorofoutstandingaccomplishmentintheMingDynasty.AssoonashebecametheprinceofYan,heledthegeneralsouttobattle.Hehadgreatachievementsincalmingdownthenorth.Afterhetookoverhisnephew'spowerandbecametheemperor,hestillwentouttobattlethroughoutthecountryandconsolidatedtheruleoftheMingDynasty.HemadetheimportantdecisiontomovethecapitaltoBeijing.DuringtheruleofZhuDi,magnificentdevelopmentsweremadeintheeconomy,cultureandindiplomacy.Intermsofculture,ZhuDisuccessivelysentGrandAcademicianXieJin,YanGuangxiaoandotherstocompiletheYongleencyclopedia.ThebookhasbecomethelargestbookevercompliedinChinesehistory.Forexpandingexternalexchangesandtrade,ZhuDiselectedeunuchZhengHetoleadalargefleetfilledwithpreciousgold,silver,silkandsatinstosailtosoutheastAsiaandAfricaseventimesintheearlyyearsofYongle.EmpressXuwasburiedtogetherwithEmperorZhuDiinChangling.EmpressXushiwastheeldestdaughterofXuDawhowasoneofthefoundingfathersoftheMingDynasty.Throughoutherlifespan,XuShicomplied20articlesofinternallecturesandabookadvisingtobegood,soastocultivatepeople'sminds.ShewastheveryfirstonetobeburiedinChanglingandintheMingTombarea.TheHallofEminentFavorinChanglingisthebestpreservedamongthethirteentombs.ItisavaluablerelicofancientChina'swoodenstructures.Itisnineroomswideandfiveroomslong,ahallsizerarelyseeninChina.Theroofismadeoftop-classdoubleeavesandtherearemultipleroomscoveredwithyellowglazedtiles.Thehallissupportedby60thickNanmupillars,themiddlefourinthehallarethethickest,thediameterofeachonecanreachoveronemeter.ItisknownasthebestNanmu(phoebe)hallinthecountry.NowwearegoingtoDinging.DinglingislocatedattheeastfootofDayuMountain.Buriedherearethe13thMingEmperorWanli(ZhuYijun)andhistwoempressesXiaoduanandXiaojing.ZhuYijunwasthelongestonthethroneoftheMingEmperors.(Hewasemperorfor48years).HewasthegreediestandlaziestemperorintheMingDynasty.ZhuYijunascendedthethroneattheageof9.Afterhecametopower,hewassupportedbythechiefministerZhangJuzheng.Atthistime,variousaspectsofsocietygaineddevelopment.Later,ZhangJuzhengdiedofillness.NotlongafterWanlimanagedstateaffairsonhisown,heusedthechancetoselectthelocationforhistombsitewhenhewenttopayhomagetotheancestors'tombs.Hespenteightmilliontaelsofsilver(250,000kilosofsilver)andsixyearstobuildahighqualitytombDingling.AftertheDinglingwascompleted,ZhuYijunpersonallywenttoinspectit,andfeltverysatisfiedwiththeresult.HewentsofarastoholdagrandbanquetintheUndergroundPalace,whichwasunheardofinhistory.ZhuYijunwasatypicalmuddle-headedemperor.Reflectingonhisreign,hedidnotpayattentiontostateaffairsfor28outofhis48yearrule.Thestateorganwaseffectivelysemi-paralyzedduringhisreign.LatergenerationscommentedthatthefalloftheMingdynastywascausedbythisemperor.ZhuYijunhadtwoempresses.EmpressXiaojingwasoriginallyamaidofWanli'smotherCisheng.Latershegavebirthtoasonoftheemperor.Thatsonwastheone-monthemperorGuangzong(ZhuChangluo).Shediedofillness9yearsearlierthanShenzongdied.ShewasburiedasaconcubineatPinggangdi,aroundtheeastpit,attheHeavenlyLongevityMount.AfterXiaojingwasconferredthetitleof""grandmotheroftheemperor”,herbodywasmovedtotheUndergroundPalaceofDingling,andburiedtogetherwithEmperorWanliandEmpressXiaoduanonthesameday.Xiaoduanwasconferredthetitleofempress,butshecouldnotgivebirthtoeitherasonoradaughtertotheemperor.Xiaoduandiedofillness.Ahundreddayslater,EmperorWanli(ZhuYijun)diedtoo.EmpressXiaoduan,EmperorWanli,andEmpressXiaojingwereburiedtogetherintheUndergroundPalace.ThetabletinfrontofDinglinghasnowordsonit.Itiscalledthewordlesstablet.Thereisapairofcoilingdragonsalongthetopandapatternofseawavescarvedonthebottom.Itsbaseiscomposedofatortoise(Bixi).Itissaidthatthedragonhasninesons.IntwelveoftheMingTombs,excludingChangling,allthetabletsarewordless.OriginallytherewerenotablethousesinfrontoftheTombs,butlaterthetablethousesandsteelesofthefirstsixtombswerecompleted.ButtheemperorJiajingatthetimeindulgedindrinking,lustandsearchingforlongevitypills,sohehadnotimetopayattentionontheinscriptions.Consequentlythesixtabletsarewordless.Andinkeepingwiththistradition,that'swhythetabletslateronarealsoblank.NowwearearrivingatTheGateofEminentFavorandtheHallofEminentFavorofDingling,TheHallofEminentFavorisalsocalledHallofEnjoyment.Itwastheplacewheretheemperorandhisentourageheldgrandsacrificialrites.TheyweremostlydestroyedwhentheQingsoldierscame.Andtheyweredestroyedagainlater,sonowonlytheruinsremain.Movingon,thisistheexhibitionroomsthatwerebuiltaftertheexcavationoftheUndergroundPalace.Theexhibitionexplainsindetailthehistoryofthetombmasterandintroducesthetombexcavationprocess.Theexhibitionroomsaredividedintotwoparts,thesouthandthenorth.Inthesouthroom,ondisplayarethesacrificialobjectsofEmperorWanliunearthedfromtheUndergroundPalace.Inthenorthroom,ondisplayarethesacrificialitemsofthetwoempresses.Allofthenarefancyandinvaluable.NowwearriveatTheSoulTower,thisisthesymbolofthetomb.Itisastonestructurewithcolorfulpainteddecorations.TheSoulTowerandthePreciouscitadelofDinglinghaveneverbeendamagedseriously.TheSoulToweristhebestpreservedarchitectureabovethegroundofDingling.Ontopoftheyellow,glazedtiledroofoftheSoulTowersitsabigstonetablet.TwoChinesecharacters----Dingling,arecarvedonthetablet.InsidetheSoulTower,ontopofanotherstonetablet,therearetwobigcharacters--'theGreatMing'writteninsealcharacters.Onthebodyofthetablet,sevenChinesecharacters'TombofEmperorShenzongXian'arecarved.TheSoulTowerisconnectedwiththePreciousCitadel.ThePreciousCitadelisalargeroundwallbuiltwithbricks.ThePreciousCitadelwallis7.5mhigh,andlowerpartisthickwhiletheupperpartisthin.Theroundwall'sperimeterisover800meters,andinsidethewallisalargeartificialmound,theemperor'stombmound,knownasPreciousTop.DinglingistheonlyMingTombtobeexcavated.FormalexcavationworkstartedinMay1956andendedin1958.First,theworkingpersonneldiscoveredanexposedgatewayatthesidewalltothesouthwestofthePreciousCitadelofDingling.Sotheydugthefirsttunnelfacingthepositionofthegateway.Atthebottomofthetunnel,theydiscoveredatunnelmadeofbricks.Threemonthslater,alongthedirectionofthetunnel,tothewestoftheSoulTower,theydugthesecondtunnel.Duringthedigging,theyencounteredwithastonetabletwhichinscribedthewords1fromhere48.8mforwardand10.7mdownwardliesthepreciouswall'.ThereforeitgavethecorrectdirectionofopeninguptheUndergroundPalace.Accordingtothedirectionofthestonetablet,afterdiggingthethirdtunnel,theyfoundastonetunnel.Atlasttheygottothepreciouswall.Thustheyopenedthepreciouswallwithasquarestoneroom.Tothewestendoftheroom,laytwomarbledoors.Theworkingpersonnelusedawireandwoodplanktoremovethe'self-acting'stonebar,whichwasagainstthebackofthedoor.Withthismethod,theyopenedtheentranceoftheUndergroundPalace.ThepalacehasnobeamwhichwasbuiltaccordingtotheprinciplesofgeomancyAltogethertherearefivechambers.Thechambersareseparatedbysevenmarbledoors.TheUndergroundPalaceis27metersdeep,coveringanareaof1,195squaremeters.Thereisasamestructurestonedoorinbetweenthefront,middleandrearchambers.Thedoorismadeofmarble.Thebiggestmarbledooris3.3metershigh,1.7meterswide,4tonsinweight.Itlooksheavy,butitisreasonablydesigned.Thepivotofthestonedoorisinclinedtothedooraxle,sothedooriseasytoopenandclose.Ontopofthedoorisalintel(madeofbronze)tubeweighingabout10tonstopreventthedoorfromfalling.Carvedonthefrontofthemarbledoorare9rowsof81knobsandstrangeanimalswithringsintheirmouths.Locatedonthereverseside,oppositetheanimals,isaprotrudingsectionthatholdsthedoor's'self-acting'stonebar.Thefrontandmiddlechambersare7.2metershighand6meterswide.Theflooriscoveredwithgoldbricks.Accordingtorecords,thegoldbricksaresmoothanddurable.Themoreyoupolishthem,thebrightertheybecome.Therearenodecorationsinthefrontandtwoannexchambers.Inthemiddlechamber,therearethreemarblethronesforEmperorWanliandhistwoEmpresses,knownasthepreciousthrones.Inthefrontofthethrones,therearefiveyellowglazedofferingsandoneblue-and-whiteporcelainjarofJiajingYear'sstylewithacloud-and-dragondesign.Itisabout0.7metersindiameter.Originallytherewassesameoilinthejar.Onthesurfaceoftheoilwasacoppertubewithawickinside.Itiscalledthe'everlastinglamp'.Duetothelackofoxygen,thelightwentoutsotheoilhadnotbeenusedall.Therearchamberisthebiggestofthethree.Itis9.5metershigh,31meterslong,9.1meterswide,thefloorispavedwithpolishedstones.Intherearchamber,thereisacoffinplatformedgedwithwhitemarble.PlacedontheplatformarethecoffinsofEmperorWanliandhistwoEmpressesaswellas26vermilionboxesfilledwithfuneralobjects.Inthemiddleofthecoffinplatform,thereisarectangularholefilledwithsoilcalledGoldWell.Puttingjadestonearoundthecoffinorinsidethecoffinorinthemouthofthedeceasediscalledbeing'buriedwithjade.'AncientpeoplebelievedGoldWellwasthepitofgeomancy.Itcouldpreventthebodyfromdecayforalongtime.Being'buriedwithjade'onaGoldWellwasthehigheststandardofentombmentonecouldreceiveinthefeudalera.Originallytheempress'scoffinshouldhavebeenplacedintherearchamber.Thenwhywerethecoffinsofthetwoempressesalsointhesamechamberastheemperor's?In1620,firstempressXiaoduandiedinApril,theninJulyEmperorWanlialsodied.Afterthat,thesonofZhuChangluodied29daysafterhissuccession.Inonlyafewmonths,twoemperorsandoneempresshaddiedinsuccession.InadditiontheyhadremovedEmpressXiaojing'scoffintoDingling.AlltheburdensofthefuneralburialsfellonthejustenthronedEmperorZhuYoujian.Thepreparationworkwasdoneinahurriedfashion(thiswasclearlyrecordedinhistoricaldocuments).Therainyseasonhadalreadyarrivedbeforethefuneralcouldoccurandthepassageleadingtotheempress'annexchambermaynothavebeenconvenienttoopen.Sothecoffinsoftheemperor,empressesallenteredtheUndergroundPalacethroughthefrontentrance.AfterthecoffinsenteredtheUndergroundPalace,sincethepassagetotheannexchamberswerenarrow,thecoffinsoftheempresseswouldnotfitthroughit.Sotheyhadtoputallthethreecoffinstogetherintotherearchamber.Nowpleasefollowmeoutoftheundergroundpalace.Andourtourfortodayiscompleted.Ihopeyouhavefoundourtimetogetherinformativeandenjoyable.Wenowhavehalfanhourforarest,andthenwewillgettogetherhereat4:00pm.Thankyou.十三陵英語導游詞篇3Atadistanceof50kmnorthwestofBeijingstandsanarc-shapedclusterofhillsfrontedbyasmallplain.Hereiswhere13emperorsoftheMingdynasty(1368-1644)wereburied,andtheareaisknownastheMingTombs.Constructionofthetombsstartedin1409andendedwiththefalloftheMingDynastyin1644.Inover200yearstombswerebuiltoveranareaof40squarekilometres,whichissurroundedbywallstotalling40kilometres.EachtombislocatedatthefootofaseparatehillandislinkedwiththeothertombsbyaroadcalledtheSacredWay.ThestonearchwayatthesouthernendoftheSacredWay,builtin1540,is14metreshighand19metreswide,andisdecoratedwithdesignsofclouds,wavesanddivineanimals.BeijingservedasthenationalcapitalduringtheYuan,MingandQingdynasties.UnlikeMingandQingrulerswhoallbuiltmassivetombsforthemselves,Yuanrulersleftnosimilarburialgrounds.Whythedifference?Thishastodowithpeople'sdifferentviewsondeath.BeijingnomadscamefromtheMongoliansteppe.MongolswhoestablishedtheYuanDynastyheldthebeliefthattheyhadcomefrom:earth.theyadoptedasimplefuneralmethod:thedeadwasplacedinsideahollowednanmutree,whichwasthenburiedundergrassland.Growthofgrasssoonleftnotracesofthetombs.Bycontrast,duringtheMingDynastyestablishedbyHanChinesecomingfromanagriculturalsocietyincentralChina,peoplebelievedtheexistenceofanafter-world,wherethedead"lived"alifesimilartothatoftheliving.Mingemperor,therefore,hasgrandmausoleumsbuiltforthemselves.Qingrulersdidlikewise.ThestonearchwayatthesouthernendoftheSacredWay,builtin1540,is14metreshighand19metreswide,andisdecoratedwithdesignsofclouds,wavesanddivineanimals.Well-proportionedandfinelycarved,thearchwayisoneofthebestpreservedspecimensofitskinkintheMingDynasty.ItisalsothelargestancientstonearchwayinChina.TheStelePavilion,notfarfromtheGreatPalaceGate,isactuallyapavilionwithadouble-eavedroof.OnthebackofthesteleiscarvedpoetrywrittenbyEmperorQianlongoftheQingDynastywhenhevisitedtheMingTombs.TheSacredWayinsidethegateoftheMingTombislinedwith18pairsofstonehumanfiguresandanimals.Theseincludefoureachofthreetypesofofficials:civil,militaryandmeritoriousofficials,symbolizingthosewhoassisttheemperorintheadministrationofthestate,plusfoureachofsixiypesofanimals:lion,griffin,camel,elephant,unicornandhorse.Yongling,builtin1536,isthetombforEmperorShizong,ZhuHoucong(1507-1566).Hestayedinpowerfor45years.TheDinglingTombisthetombofEmperorWanli(reigned1573-1619),the13themperoroftheMingDynasty,whosepersonalnamewasZhuYijun,andofhistwoempresses,XiaoDuanandXiaoJing.Thetombwascompletedinsixyears(1584-1590),itoccupiesatotalareaof1,195squaremetersatthefootofDayuMountainsouthwestoftheChanglingTomb.Atadistanceof50kmnorthwestofBeijingstandsanarc-shapedclusterofhillsfrontedbyasmallplain.Hereiswhere13emperorsoftheMingdynasty(1368-1644)wereburied,andtheareaisknownastheMingTombs.Constructionofthetombsstartedin1409andendedwiththefalloftheMingDynastyin1644.Inover200yearstombswerebuiltoveranareaof40squarekilometres,whichissurroundedbywallstotalling40kilometres.EachtombislocatedatthefootofaseparatehillandislinkedwiththeothertombsbyaroadcalledtheSacredWay.ThestonearchwayatthesouthernendoftheSacredWay,builtin1540,is14metreshighand19metreswide,andisdecoratedwithdesignsofclouds,wavesanddivineanimals.BeijingservedasthenationalcapitalduringtheYuan,MingandQingdynasties.UnlikeMingandQingrulerswhoallbuiltmassivetombsforthemselves,Yuanrulersleftnosimilarburialgrounds.Whythedifference?Thishastodowithpeople'sdifferentviewsondeath.BeijingnomadscamefromtheMongoliansteppe.MongolswhoestablishedtheYuanDynastyheldthebeliefthattheyhadcomefrom:earth,theyadoptedasimplefuneralmethod:thedeadwasplacedinsideahollowednanmutree,whichwasthenburiedundergrassland.Growthofgrasssoonleftnotracesofthetombs.Bycontrast,duringtheMingDynastyestablishedbyHanChinesecomingfromanagriculturalsocietyincentralChina,peoplebelievedtheexistenceofanafter-world,wherethedead"lived"alifesimilartothatoftheliving.Mingemperor,therefore,hasgrandmausoleumsbuiltforthemselves.Qingrulersdidlikewise.ThestonearchwayatthesouthernendoftheSacredWay,builtin1540,is14metreshighand19metreswide,andisdecoratedwithdesignsofclouds,wavesanddivineanimals.Well-proportionedandfinelycarved,thearchwayisoneofthebestpreservedspecimensofitskinkintheMingDynasty.ItisalsothelargestancientstonearchwayinChina.throne,ZhuYuanzhangdiedattheageof71andwasburiedinhistombXiaoling,easternsuburbsofthecapitalNanjing.AccordingtotheChinesehereditarysystem,theeldestsonshouldbethesuccessor.Butunfortunately,ZhuYuanzhang'seldestsonZhuBiaodiedin1392,sixyearsearlierthantheemperor.SoEmperorZhuYuanzhangchosehisgrandsonZhuYunwenasthesuccessor.In1398,afterEmperorZhuYuanzhangdied,his21-year-oldgrandsonsucceededhisthroneandbecamethesecondemperoroftheMingDynastynamedEmperorJianWen.AtthattimeEmperorJianWenwasassistedbycoutofficialsingoverningthecountry.Inordertocentralizethepower,headoptedthesuggestionofhiscourtofficialstoweakenthepoweroftheregionalgarrisoncommanderswhowereactuallyhisuncles,thesonsofthefirstemperor.ButthesemeasuresmetwithstrongresistancefromhisuncleZhuDi,theprinceofYanzthefourthsonofthefirstEmperorZhuYuanzhang.ZhuDigotsoenragedwhenheheardthenewsthathispowerwouldbereduced.WithanarmyoflOOOOOstong,hewasthemostpowerfulgarrisoncommanderamongalltheprinces,thenundertheexcuseofwipingouttheevilsaroundtheemperor,helaunchedpunitiveexpeditiontothecapitalin1399inthenameof“wipingoutevilforthecountry〃.thewarlastedforthreeyears,finallyZhuDiusurpedthepowerfromhisnephewandbecamethe3rdemperoroftheMingDynastyandadoptedthereigntitle"yongle”.EmperorJianWen,thedethronedemperordisappearedwithnowheretobefound.Somepeoplesaidthathediedinabigfire;anothersayingisthathehadescapedtoatempleandbecameaBuddhistmonk.AnywayhiswhereaboutsremainedunknowntillnowinspiteofYongle'ssearchforhimalloverthecountry.SothereisnotombforthesecondemperoroftheMingDynasty.TheStelePavilion,notfarfromtheGreatPalaceGate,isactuallyapavilionwithadouble-eavedroof.OnthebackofthesteleiscarvedpoetrywrittenbyEmperorQianlongoftheQingDynastywhenhevisitedtheMingTombs.TheSacredWayinsidethegateoftheMingTombislinedwith18pairsofstonehumanfiguresandanimals.Theseincludefoureachofthreetypesofofficials:civil,militaryandmeritoriousofficials,symbolizingthosewhoassisttheemperorintheadministrationofthestate,plusfoureachofsixiypesofanimals:lion,griffin,camel,elephant,unicornandhorse.Yongling,builtin1536,isthetombforEmperorShizong,ZhuHoucong(1507-1566).Hestayedinpowerfor45years.TheDinglingTombisthetombofEmperorWanli(reigned1573-1619),the13themperoroftheMingDynasty,whosepersonalnamewasZhuYijun,andofhistwoempresses,XiaoDuanandXiaoJing.Thetombwascompletedinsixyears(1584-1590),itoccupiesatotalareaof1,195squaremetersatthefootofDayuMountainsouthwestoftheChanglingTomb.EmperorXianzong,ZhuJianshen,andhisthreeempressesareentombedwithinMaoling.ZhuJianshen(1447-1487)wasthefirstsonofEmperorYingzong.Hestayedinpowerfor22years.Wehavecoveredsomeofthemostsignificanttombsofthe13Mingtombsinthetour.Ifyouarealsointerestedintheothertombs,thebestwayistocomeandexperienceyourself.ChanglingisthetombofemperorYongle(reigned1403-1424),thethirdemperoroftheMingDynastywhosepersonalnamewasZhuDi,andofhisempress.Builtin1413,themausoleumextendsoveranareaof100,000squaremetres.Thesoultower,whichtellspeoplewhosetombitis,restsonacircularwallcalledthe"cityoftreasures"whichsurroundstheburialmound.The"cityoftreasures"atChanglinghasalengthofmorethanakilometre.TheundergroundpalaceatDinglingTombconsistsofanantechamber,aceniralchamberandarearchamberplustheleftandrightannexes.Oneofthepicturesshowsthecentralchamberwherethesacrificialutensilsareondisplay.Twomarbledoorsaremadeofsingleslabsandcarvedwithlife-sizehumanfigures,flowersandbirds.Morethan3,000articleshavebeenunearthedfromthetumulus,themostpreciousbeingthegoldencrownsoftheemperorandhisqueen.十三陵英語導游詞篇4TheMingTombsarelocatedatthefootofTianshoumountaininChangpingDistrictofBeijing.Thereare13Mingemperorsburiedhere,sotheyarecalledMingTombs.FromtheseventhyearofYongle(1409)totheearlyyearofShunzhiinQingDynasty,theconstructionofChanglingwas200years.TheMingTombssystemiscompletedwithalargescale,whichisthemostcompletemausoleumgroupintheworldwithmanyemperorsburied.In20_)theMingTombswerelistedinthe"CenturyHeritageList"byUNESCO,becomingamustvisitplaceforChineseandforeigntouriststoBeijing.TherearesixteenemperorsintheMingDynasty.WhyisthereonlytheMingTombs?That'sbecausetherearethreeemperorsintheMingDynastywhoarenotburiedhere.OneisthefoundingemperorZhuYuanzhang,thesecondEmperorZhuYunwen,andtheotheristhekingTaiEmperorZhuQiyu.ZhuDi,thethirdemperoroftheMingDynasty,wasthefirsttobuildamausoleuminBeijing.InJulyofthefifthyearofYongleintheMingDynasty(1407),theempressXuofZhuDi,thefounderoftheMingDynasty,died.ZhuDiorderedZhaoDan,theMinisterofrites,andLiaoJunqing,aJiangxiwarlock,tobuildamausoleuminBeijing.Finally,theareaaroundlouziyingofkangjiazhuanginChangpingDistricttodaywasselectedasthesiteofthemausoleumandreportedtotheemperor.AfterZhuDipersonallyinspectedthesite,hewasverysatisfied.Henamedthemountain"Tianshoumountain"andchose"auspiciousdayoftheYellowRoad"tostarttheconstructionofthemausoleum.FromtheseventhyearofYongletothesecondyearofXuande(1409-1427),ittook18yearstocompletethemausoleum.EmpressXuwasburiedfirst,andthenZhuDihimself.ZhuDinamedhismausoleum"Changling",whichisthe"firstmausoleum"oftheMingTombs.Thefollow-updecorationofChanglingisnotover.IntheJiajingperiodofMingDynasty,ZhuHoufuorderedtobuildtheShintoofChangling.LargestonearchwaysandsteletowersonShintowerebuiltoneafteranother.Soittookmorethan130yearsforChanglingtobebuilt.TheShintooftheChanglingmausoleumwascompletedinturnwiththemausoleumsofthesuccessiveemperorsoftheMingDynasty,andbecamethemainShintooftheMingTombs.AftertheQingDynastyenteredtheGAT]itencounteredgreatdifficultiesinrulingthecountry,sotheimperialcourttookmanymeasurestoeasethepeople'sfierceresistance.Forexample,thepostponementofshavingandchangingclothes,therestorationofimperialexamination,thereuseofHanofficials,andthemanagementofMingDynastymausoleum.DuringthereignofKangxi,everytimeEmperorKangxivisitedthesouth,hewouldgotoNanjing'sXiaolingofMingDynastytooffersacrificestoZhuYuanzhang.HealsowenttotherightsideoftheShintoofXiaolingofMingDynasty(theleftsidewasthetopinancienttimes)toshowhisrespectforZhuYuanzhang,thefoundingemperorofMingDynasty.DuringthereignofYongzheng,EmperorYongzhengmadeawishforhissontobecomehisfather,aimingtofindthedirectdescendantsoftheMingemperor.Whenyoufindit,you'llbetheofficial.DuringthereignofQianlong,EmperorQianlonggrantedthedescendantsoftheZhur
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預覽,若沒有圖紙預覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負責。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權或不適當內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 賠償協(xié)議書樣板范本
- 資質投標合作合同協(xié)議
- 解除合同退定金協(xié)議
- 設備采購監(jiān)理合同協(xié)議
- 2025信息技術服務合同版
- 調(diào)解通知協(xié)議書模板
- 2025授權代理合同協(xié)議書范本
- 調(diào)味品散裝售賣合同協(xié)議
- 2025物流服務合同(含配送)范本
- 購房合同跟銀行按揭協(xié)議
- 可再生能源技術發(fā)展與應用考核試卷
- 報關實務-教學課件 第三章 海關檢驗檢疫
- 市政道路工程關鍵施工技術工藝及工程項目實施的重點難點和解決方案
- T-CSES 144-2024 城市大氣污染源排放清單編制技術指南
- 2024年中國人民幣收藏品市場調(diào)查研究報告
- 小學家長會-做好孩子手機管理主題班會課件
- 2022年焊接技術賽項評分標準
- 03D201-4 10kV及以下變壓器室布置及變配電所常用設備構件安裝
- DL-T+1860-2018自動電壓控制試驗技術導則
- 單螺桿泵說明書
- JT-T-1213-2018陸港設施設備配置和運營技術規(guī)范
評論
0/150
提交評論