數(shù)詞專題講義

專題三數(shù)詞講義［語法梳理］一、數(shù)詞的定義用以表示數(shù)目或順序的詞叫數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞可以分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種。表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞；表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。二、基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成?12是獨(dú)立單詞，需逐個記憶。13?19是在個位數(shù)詞的詞干后加-teen構(gòu)成。其中thirteen,fifteen,eighteen是不規(guī)則變化。20?90都是以-ty結(jié)尾。如：twenty,thirty,ninety等。21-99是在十位數(shù)詞后面加上個位數(shù)詞構(gòu)成，中間加上連字符“-"。如：twenty-one,thirty-two,ninety-nine等。3位以上的基數(shù)詞，在百位和十位之間一般要用連詞and。如：1,135讀作onethousand,onehundredandthirty-fiveo.英語中沒有“萬”和“億”，在表示“萬”和“億”時要按十進(jìn)位法來蓬N。如：15,678讀作fifteenthousand,sixhundredandseventy-eighto.1000以上的數(shù)字，從后向前數(shù)，每三位加“，”，第一個“，”前為thousand,第二個“，”前為million,第三個“”前為billion,然后每一節(jié)按百、十、個的順序表示。.dozen表示"十二，一打"，score表示"二十”。.ten,score,hundred,thousand,million,billion這些詞前面如有表示具體數(shù)目的詞，就不能力口s和of,反之則須加s和of。如：onehundredpeople一百人，hundredsofpeople數(shù)百人。.與基數(shù)詞合成的復(fù)合定語，其中的名詞用單數(shù)。如：athree-month-oldbaby三個月大的嬰兒，afive-yearplan個五年計劃。.乘法運(yùn)算的表示法，單復(fù)數(shù)均可。如：3*5=15Threemultipliedbyfiveis/arefifteen.三、序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞一般以與之相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞加詞尾-th構(gòu)成，但要注意一些特殊形式。其他序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成：.幾十幾及以上的序數(shù)詞，其中十位數(shù)或百位數(shù)、千位數(shù)等用基數(shù)詞，只有個位數(shù)才用序數(shù)詞。如：128th:onehundredandtwenty-eighth752nd：sevenhundredandfifty-second.hundred,thousand,million的序數(shù)詞均在基數(shù)詞后加th構(gòu)成，即hundredth,thousandth,millionth。四、數(shù)詞的應(yīng)用

13-56]^?^ihirtr<-ripnintfivr.1IX5小數(shù)點前的整數(shù)按基數(shù)詞的視則表示.小數(shù)點讀作即訕，小教，后的數(shù)字按其數(shù)字直接讀出來分子用特效同，分時用序數(shù)詞:擰號予大「一，。應(yīng)的中數(shù)訶峻用度數(shù)虺式，如：1Z3凄，口皿的出：2/5熊偉基瞥司+pr-出十名伺格同；、如：TwriatypefefiiHofEht?milki$^ruflt與?。篢jirftftUmftfl,一現(xiàn)1Hmg等Gfl：LesionF:ve/thefifth第五課訂用庠數(shù)同或基數(shù)直表小，辛數(shù)漏位于宅司前.i"見上定冠詞：茶數(shù)詞位于名詞后W你用基數(shù)詞.n期用序數(shù)詞.其順序常用「力.口，歹如：二。泗年11月I5H：N期即h(ri虱曲).2009^15(ih)Novemberr2009;讀作N'kfmhMthH揖Memh.巾乃ihoiiijandiiud山川、 五、倍數(shù)表示法.倍數(shù)用在形容詞原級的第一個as前面。如：Ihavetwiceasmanybooksasyoudo.我的書是你的書的兩倍。.倍數(shù)用在表示度量的名詞前。如：Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月球的49倍大大.詞或副詞的比較級或by+倍數(shù)放在比較級后。Thisbuildingistwicehigherthanthatone.這個建筑物比那個建筑物高兩倍。六、約數(shù)表示法 一.用ten,dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million等數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)加of短語來表示幾十、幾百、上千、上萬、幾百萬等約數(shù)的概念。 一.用lessthan,under,below,orless,almost,nearly,upto。等來表示小于或接近某數(shù)目。.用morethan,over,above,beyond,ormore等來表示多于某個數(shù)目。.用or,orso,about,around,some,moreorless等表示在某一數(shù)目左右。.用from…to,between…and表示介于兩個數(shù)詞之間。如：Iboughtdozensofpencilslastyear.去年我買了幾十支鉛筆。Howcanyoufinishyourhomeworkinlessthanhalfanhour?你怎么能在半個小時內(nèi)就完成你的作業(yè)呢？Ourschoolhasahistoryofmorethansixtyyears.我們學(xué)校有60多年的歷史。Thedoctorspentfourorfivehoursperformingtheoperation.那醫(yī)生花了四五個小時做這個手術(shù)。Iwillbebackintwoorthreeweeks.我兩到三周后就回來?；A(chǔ)練習(xí)：Ithinkthelessonisthemostinterestingoneinthebook.(twelve)Myfatherisnowinhis,butheisstilltakingsomecomputercourses.(fifty)Thereareofpeoplewhoarelosingjobsandtheyarewonderingwhattodo.(thousand)4.Ihavetried(兩次),butI'lltry(再一次).Iliveon(第六大街)，butworkfarfromit.Harryhasjustfinishedwritingan(八百字)composition.ItissaidthatthegravityontheMarsisonlyabout(三分之一)ofthegravityontheearth.Chinaisalmost(two)thesizeofMexicoinarea.［疑難突破］疑難點一序數(shù)詞前加定冠詞時表示順序，意為“第幾”。如：Iwasthefirsttocomehere.我是第一個來這兒的人。序數(shù)詞前加不定冠詞時表示“又一，再一”。如：Ihavefailedtwice，butlwanttohaveathirdtry.我失敗兩次了，我想再試一次。疑難點二“of+the+基數(shù)詞”表示范圍。如：twothirdsoftheten十個中的三分之二。疑難點三表示年代用“in+the+數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式”。如：inthe1990s或inthe1990's在20世紀(jì)90年代。表示某人的年齡階段用“in+物主代詞十?dāng)?shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式”。如：inhis20s在他二十幾歲時；inher30s在她三十幾歲時。疑難點四“數(shù)詞十名詞十形容詞”作定語時，中間要用連字符，而且中間的名詞只用單數(shù)形式。如：afive-year-oldgirl，一個五歲的女孩；a15-minute-longwalk一段十五分鐘的步行路程。疑難點五 “數(shù)詞+hundred/thousand/million/billion+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示具體的數(shù)量；如：twothousandstudents;fourhundredgirls等?！皌ens/dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)''表示"許多”。如：thousandsoftrees;tensofhundredsofhorses等。疑難點六表示時刻時，如果在30分鐘以內(nèi)，用past,如8：15讀作fifteenpasteight或aquarterpasteight;如果超過30分鐘，則用to，如8：40讀作twentytonine。能力提升.單項選擇。( )1.ofthewarmwateralreadybeenusedup.A.Two-third;hasB.Two-third;haveC.Two-thirds;hasD.Two-thirds;have( )2.thestudentsintheprimaryschoolisaboutthreethousand,andofthemaregirls.A.Anumberof;twothird B.Thenumberof;twothirdsC.Anumberof;twothirds D.Thenumberof;twothird( )3.——Comeandseemein. Withpleasure.That'swhatI'mexpecting.A.twoorthreedays.B.twoorthreeday'stimeC.twoorthreedays'timeD.twoorthreeday's( )4.Dick,itisthetimeindaysthatyou'vemadethesamemistake.two;threeB.second;threeC.two;thirdD.second;third( )5. Howmanyteachersarethereinyourschool?——butI'mnotsure.A.HundredsB.Hundred C.Hundredsof D.Onehundred( )6.Ittookmetofindoutthekeytothedrawer.A.oneandhalfhoursB.oneandahalfhoursC.oneandahalfhourD.oneandhalfhour( )7.Wecanseestarsintheskyatnight.A.tenofthousandof B.tensofthousandofC.tenofthousandsof D.tensofthousandsof( )8.Onedayonthemoonis.A.twoearthweeklong B.twoearthweekslongC.twoearthweekslonger D.twoearthweekslength( )9.Shewenttothecountryside.A.inthemorningatnineonJunefirst,1968onJunefirst,1968inthemorningatnineatnineinthemorningonJunefirst,1968onJunefirst,1968atnineinthemorning( )10.JohnwastogettoschoolandIwasA.first;ninthB.afirst;aninthC.thefirst;theninthD.thesecond;thenineth( )11.Tenandfiveis.A.five B.fiftyC.fifteenD.two( )12.TheOlympicGamesareheld.A.everyfouryears B.everyfouryearC.everyfourthyears D.everyfour-years( )13. TomissixandheishissisterJane.HowoldisJane? Three.A.twiceasoldas B.twoyearsolderthanC.threeyearsyoungerthanD.asoldas( )14.Heisinourclass.A.thefourthtallestB.fourthtallestC.fourtallestD.thefourtallestII,根據(jù)漢語提示，完成英語句子，每空一詞。.李老師住在第五層。MissLilivesonfloor..3月8號是婦女節(jié)。Women'sDayison..她花了兩個小時的時間做作業(yè)。Ittookhertodothehomework..我母親今天買了兩公斤肉。Mymotherbought today..他買這支筆只花了三元錢。Hepaidonlyforthispen..星期天我8點50起床。IgetupatonSunday.7。她得了90分，排名第五。Shegot pointsandcame..今天我們做練習(xí)七。Wedotoday..圣誕節(jié)在每年的12月25日。Christmasisontheeachyear..瑪麗出生于5月5日。Marywasbornon.疑難突破單項選擇。()1.Nearlyoftheearthcoveredbysea.threefourth;isB.threefourths;isC.threefourth;areD.threefourths;are( )2.ofthelandinthatdistrictcoveredwithtrees.andgrass.A.Twofifths;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifth;isD.Twofifths;are( )3.IthinkofthematerialsIlistenedtoatthebeginningoftheexameasy.A.threefourths;isB.thirdfour;areC.threefourths;areD.threefourth;are( )4.——DoyouknowtheboyissittingnexttoPeter? Yes.HeisPeter'sfriend.Theyarecelebratinghisbirthday.A.who;ninthB.that;ninethC./;ninethD.which;ninth( )5.Igotagoodpresentonmy.birthday.A.nineB.ninthC.thenineD.theninth( )6.Igotabeautifulbikeonbirthday.Ilikeitverymuch.A.fifteenthB.fifteenC.myfifteenD.myfifteenth.( )7.——Hereweare.Wheredoesyourcousinlive,Tom? Oh,helivesonthefloor.A.twoB.twiceC.secondD.twos()8.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolisaboutnineofthemareboys.A.hundred;TwothirdsB.hundred;TwothirdC.hundreds;TwothirdsD.hundreds;Twothird( )9.AlthoughIfailedfourtimes,myfatherencouragedmetohavea try.A.thirdB.fourth C.fifth( )10.——HaveyouseentheCCTVnewsonTV? Yes,childrenhadagoodfestivalontheChildren'sDay.A.millionsof;sixtyB.tenmillions;sixtiethC.millionsof;sixtieth( )11.treeshavebeenplantednearhere,sotheairisveryfresh.A.TwohundredsB.HundredofC.HundredsofD.Hundreds( )12.Aboutoftheworkersinthefactorywereborninthe.A.two-thirds;1970 B.two-thirds;1970sC.two-third;1970 D.two-third;1970s( )13.Eachofushastowriteareporteverytwoweeks.A.two-hundred-word B.two-hundreds-wordC.two-hundreds-words D.two-hundred-words( )14.Todayismymother'sbirthday.Iwillbuyheragift.A.fourteenB.fourteenthC.fortyD.fortieth( )15.——Thereisawrongwordinline. Where? Intheline.A.two;twoB.two;secondC.second;twoD.second;second( )16.——Therearesixtystudentsinourclass.And.ofusareboys. Wow!Youhavefortygirls!A.onefourth B.onethirdC.twofifthsD.twothirds( )17.——Goodnews!Billwonmedalinthelongjumpjustnow. Really?That'shisoneatoursportsmeeting.A.a:four B.an;fourth C.a;fourth( )18.Anewstudyprovesawalkeverydayisenoughtokeeppeopleawayfrombecomingfat..A.30-minute B.30minute's C.30-minutes( )19.Morethantwoyearsago,peopleknewlittleabouttheuniverse.A.thousandsB.thousand C.thousandofD.thousandsof( )20.Englishisbecomingatouristcity.peoplecomehereduringtheholidayseveryyear.A.ThousandofB.ThousandsofC.FivethousandsofD.Fivethousands( )21.Father'sDayisonSundayofJune.A.three B.thirdC.thethird( )22. ShanghaihasopeneditsTVchannel(頻道)thatsendsprogramsinforeignlanguages. Great!IcanimprovemyEnglishoverit.A.firstB.afirstC.thefirst( )23.Themanalsowroteofbeautifulpiecesofmusicfortheorchestra.A.hundredB.sixhundredC.ahundredD.hundreds( )24.Alltheteachersliveonfloor.A.thesecondB.two C.second()25.Basketballissopopularagameintheworldthatpeopleplayitforfunandexercise.A.millionofB.millionsofC.millionsD.twomillionsof綜合訓(xùn)練：( )1.Therearedaysinayear.A.threehundredandsixtyfiveB.threehundredandsixty-fiveC.threehundredsandsixtyfiveD.threehundredsandsixty—five( )2.Dannylivesin.A.room404B.Room404C.404roomD.404Room( )3.Jimisin.A.classone,gradesixB.gradeone,classsixC.ClassOne,GradeSixD.GradeOne,ClassSix( )4.Thebikecostmeyuan.AfivehundredfortyBfivehundredsfourtyCfivehundredandfortyDfivehundredfourty( )5.Mytelephonenumberis.A.eightyeighttwofortyfourzeronineBeighteighttwodoublefourOnineCeightyeighttwoforty-fourzeronineDeighteighttwofourfourzeronine( )6.Isthereanyfoodforus?AtenBtenthCthetenthDtheten( )7.Maryisgirl.A.an8yearoldB.8-years-oldC.the8yearsoldD.an8-year-old( )8.-Whatdayistoday?—A.JuneB.TuesdayC.Itishot D.It,sfine( )9.一What,sthedatetoday?一A.It,sSaturdayB.It,sJulyC.It,sfineD.It,sJuly15( )10—Whattimedoyougetupeveryday?A.It'sseveno'clockB.Seveno'clocktimeCAtsevenDOnseven( )11.Mygrandmotherisold.A.seventiethB.seventyyearC.seventyyearsD.seventies( )12.peoplevisitthismuseumeveryday.A.HundredB.HundredsC.hundredofD.Hundredsof( )13.Therearetwopeopleinthemeetingroom.A.hundred B.hundredsC.hundredsof D.hundredof( )14.Wecansaythenumber78,645inEnglishlikethis.A.