88-90歷年考研英語(yǔ)真題

1986年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)試題SectionI:StructureandVocabularyIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.Putyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.(15points)EXAMPLE:Iwascaughttherainyesterday.[A]in[B]bywithatANSWER:[A]Nodoctorscouldcurethepatienthisstrangedisease.[A]with[B]of[C]from[D]offHewashiswits'endwhattodo.[AJin[B]on[C]at[D]ofPrior hisdeparture,headdressedalettertohisdaughter,[C]in[D]fromThedrivinginstructortoldmetopullatthepostoffice.IAJup[B]back[C]round[D]alongWhenthere'sadoubt,thechairman'sdecisionis.[A]right[BJdefinitefixedfinal6.WecanrelyonWilliamtocarryoutthismission,forhisjudgmentisalways.[A]unquestionable[B]soundsubtlehealthyThenoiseoftheplanediedinthedistance.awayoutdownoffHospitaldoctorsdon'tgooutveryoftenastheirworkalltheirtime.takesawaytakesintakesovertakesupAttendancesatfootballmatcheshavesincethecomingoftelevision.droppedindroppeddowndroppedoffdroppedoutAfterthedeathoftheirparents,thesistersgotwellandneverquarreled.[A]awayIB]in[C]along[D]outTheyalwaysgivethevacantseatstocomesfirst.whowhomwhoeverwhomeverAdvertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunicationtheadvertiserpaysforthemessagEhatinwhichinorderthatinthewayHeisofanacto匚[A]anybody[B]anyonesomebodysomethingThecaptainapologizedtotellusmoreabouttheaccident.fortobeunablethathewasunabletobeunableforbeingunableisnoreasonfordischargingher.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateOwingtoafewminutesbeinglateThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateBeingafewminuteslateSectionII:CloseTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoiceslabeled[A],|B],[C]and[D].Choosethebestoneandputyourchoiceinthebracketsbelowthepassage.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoices.(10points)OnWednesdayafternoonsAnnietookthebusintotowntoshopinthemarket.Foranhouror_16_shewouldwalkupanddownbetweenthestallslookingateverything,buyinghereandthere,and_17—asharplookoutfbrthebargainsthatweresometimestobehad.Andthen,withallthethingssheneeded_18—shewouldleavethemarketforthestreetsofthetowntospendanotherhour_19—shelikedbest:lookinginfurnitureshopwindows.OneWednesdayshefoundanewshopfullofthemostdelightfulthings,withanoticeinvitinganyonetowalkinandlook_20—withoutfeelingtheyhadtobuysomething.Anniehesitatedforamomentbeforesteppingthroughthedoorwaywhere,almostatonce,shestopped_21_beforeagreenarmchair.Therewasacardonthechairwhichsaid:"Thisfinechairisyours—22_lessthanapoundaweek,“andverysmallatthebottom,"Cashpriceeighty-ninepoundsfifty."Apoundaweek...—23—,shecouldalmostpaythatoutofherhousekeepingmoneyandnevermissit!Avoiceathershouldermadeher_24_."Can1helpyou,Madam?"Shelookedroundattheassistantwhohadcomesoftlytoher_25_."Oh,well,no,"shesaid.4tIwasjustlooking.""We'vechairsofallkindsintheshowroom.Ifyou'lljustcomeup,youwillfindsomethingtosuityou."Annie,worriedatthethoughtofbeingpersuadedtobuysomethingshedidn'tneed,lefttheshophurriedly.[A]so[B][A]taking[BJmaking[C]fixing[D]keeping[A]buy[BJboughtbuyingtohavebought19.[A]inaway[BJbythewayinthewayontheway[A]behind[B]roundbackon[A]doubted[BJwondered[C]puzzled[D]delighted[A]atforwithin[A]WhyWhenHowWhat[A]jumpleaplaughwonder[A]placebackside[DJfrontSectionIII:ReadingComprehensionEachofthetwopassagesbelowisfollowedbyfivequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.Putyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.(10points)Text1Thereareagreatmanycareersinwhichtheincreasingemphasisisonspecialization.Youfindthesecareersinengineering,inproduction,instatisticalwork,andinteaching.Butthereisanincreasingdemandforpeoplewhoareabletotakeingreatareaataglance,peoplewhoperhapsdonotknowtoomuchaboutanyonefield.Thereis,inotherwords,ademandforpeoplewhoarecapableofseeingtheforestratherthanthetrees,ofmakinggeneraljudgments.Wecancallthesepeople“generalists."Andthese"generalists"areparticularlyneededforpositionsinadministration,whereitistheirjobtoseethatotherpeopledothework,wheretheyhavetoplanforotherpeople,toorganizeotherpeople'swork,tobeginitandjudgeit.Thespecialistunderstandsonefield;hisconcerniswithtechniqueandtools.Heisa"trained”man;andhiseducationalbackgroundisproperlytechnicalorprofessional.rrhegeneralist-andespeciallytheadministrator-dealswithpeople;hisconcerniswithleadership,withplanning,andwithdirectiongiving.Heisan"educated"man;andthehumanitiesarehisstrongestfoundation.Veryrarelyisaspecialistcapableofbeinganadministrator.Andveryrarelyisagoodgeneralistalsoagoodspecialistinparticularfield.Anyorganizationneedsbothkindsofpeople,thoughdifferentorganizationsneedthemindifferentproportions.Itisyourtasktofindout,duringyourtrainingperiod,intowhichofthetwokindsofjobsyoufit,andtoplanyourcareeraccordingly.Yburfirstjobmayturnouttobetherightjobforyou-butthisispureaccident.Certainlyyoushouldnotchangejobsconstantlyorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofyourabilitytoholdanyjob.Atthesametimeyoumustnotlookuponthefirstjobasthefinaljob;itisprimarilyatrainingjob,anopportunitytounderstandyourselfandyourfitnessforbeinganemployee.Thereisanincreasingdemandfor.[AJallroundpeopleintheirownfields

|B]peoplewhosejobistoorganizeotherpeople'sworkgeneralistswhoseeducationalbackgroundiseithertechnicalorprofessionalspecialistswhosechiefconcernistoprovideadministrativeguidancetoothersThespecialistis.amanwhosejobistotrainotherpeopleamanwhohasbeentrainedinmorethanonefieldsamanwhocanseetheforestratherthanthetreesamanwhoseconcernismainlywithtechnicalorprofessionalmattersTheadministratoris.a"trained”manwhoismoreaspecialistthanageneralistamanwhoseesthetreesaswellastheforestamanwhoisverystronginthehumanitiesamanwhoisan“educated”specialistDuringyourtrainingperiod,itisimportant.totrytobeageneralisttochooseaprofitablejobtofindanorganizationwhichfitsyou[DJtodecidewhetheryouarefittobeaspecialistorageneralistAman'sfirstjob.[A]isnevertherightjobforhim::[CJshouldnotbechangedorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofhisabilitytoholdanyjob|D]isprimarilyanopportunitytofithimselfforhisfinaljobTest2AtthebottomoftheworldliesamightycontinentstillwrappedintheIceAgeand,untilrecenttimes,unknowntoman.Itisagreatlandmasswithmountainrangeswhoseextentandelevationarestilluncertain.Muchofthecontinentisacompleteblankonourmaps.Manhasexplored,onfoot,lessthanonepercentofitsarea.AntarcticadiffersfundamentallyfromtheArcticregions.TheArcticisanocean,coveredwithdriftingpackediceandhemmedinbythelandmassesofEurope,Asia,andNorthAmerica.TheAntarcticisacontinentalmostaslargeasEuropeandAustraliacombined,centeredroughlyontheSouthPoleandsurroundedbythemostunobstructedwaterareasoftheworld-theAtlantic,Pacific,andIndianOceans.Thecontinentalicesheetismorethantwomileshighinitscentre,thus,theairovertheAntarcticisfarmorerefrigeratedthanitisovertheArcticregions.Thiscoldaircurrentfromthelandissoforcefulthatitmakesthenearbyseasthestormiestintheworldandrendersunlivablethoseregionswhosecounterpartsattheoppositeendoftheglobeareinhabited.Thus,morethanamillionpersonslivewithin2,000milesoftheNorthPoleinanareathatincludesmostofAlaska,Siberia,andScandinavia-aregionrichinforestandminingindustries.Apartfromahandfulofweatherstations,withinthesamedistanceoftheSouthPolethereisnotasingletree,industry,orsettlement.Thebesttitleforthisselectionwouldbe.[AJIcelandLandofOpportunityTheUnknownContinentUtopiaatLastAtthetimethisarticlewaswritten,ourknowledgeofAntarcticawas.verylimitedvastfairlyrichnonexistentAntarcticaisborderedbythe.PacificOcean|B]IndianOceanAtlanticOceanAllthreeTheAntarcticismadeuninhabitableprimarilyby.coldaircalmseasicelackofknowledgeaboutthecontinentAccordingtothisarticle.[AJ2,000peopleliveontheAntarcticContinentamillionpeoplelivewithin2,000milesoftheSouthPoleweatherconditionswithina2,000mileradiusoftheSouthPolemakesettlementsimpracticalonlyahandfulofnativesinhabitAntarcticaSectionIV:StructureandVocabularyFillintheblankswiththewordswhichbestcompletethesentences.Putyourchoicesinthebracketsontheleft.(10points)EXAMPLE:Itwasthelargestexperimentwehaveeverhad;itsixhouses.endedfinishedwas[DJlastedANSWER:[D]Musicoftenusofeventsinthepast.[A]remembers[BJmemorizes[C]reminds[D]reflectsIfItakethismedicinetwiceadayitshouldmycold.heatcuretreatrecoverIcouldjustseeacarinthedistance,butIcouldn'twhatcolouritwas.makeoutlookto

lookouttakeinIcouldtellhewassurprisedfromtheonhisface.[A]appearance[B]shock[C]look[D]sightThetoyboatturnedoverandsanktotheofthepool.basedepthgroundbottomMarynevertellsanyonewhatshedoesfora.jobworkprofessionlivingThatboyissuchagoodviolinisthewillprobablymakequitea[A]star[B]credit[C]name[D]characterOldphotographsgiveoneabrief[AJglance區(qū)1^^[B]glimpse[C]區(qū)1^^Thenovelistisahighlyperson.[A]imaginable[BJimaginativeimaginaryimagined45.Althoughthepayisnotgood,peopleusuallyfindsocialwork[AJpayablerespectfulgrateful[DJrewardingError-detectionandCinotherways.Eachquestionconsistsofasentencewithfourunderlinedparts(wordsorphrases).Thesepartsarelabeled[A],[B],[C],and[DJ.Choosethepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.rThen,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedownthecorrectwordorphraseonthelinefollowingthebrackets.(10points)EXAMPLE:inotherways.You'vetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethingbecause[A]there's[B]hardlysomething[C]

left.[D]ANSWER:[C]anythingTheprofessortoldtheeconomics[A]studentthathedidn'tapprove[B|in[C]histakingtheadvancedcoursebefore[D]hemadeapassingmarkinEconomics1.Althoughagreatnumberofhousesinthatareaarestill[A]inneedofrepair,[B]therehavebeen[C]improvementinthefacilities.[D]Mr.Gilmoreisoneofthosemenwhoappears[A]tobefriendly[B]however,itisveryhardtodeal[C]withhim.[D]Tounderstandthesituationcompletely[A]requires[B]morethoughtthanhasgiven|C]thusfar.[D][A]greatmany[A]educatorsfirmly[B]believethatEnglishisoneofthepoorest[C]taughtsubjectsinhighschoolstoday.[D]Ofallhisoutdoor[A]activities.Paullikesfishingbestofall,|B]buthedoesn'tenjoycleaning[C]fishingrodsafterwards.[D]Ishould[A]nothaverecognizedthe(B|maneven[C]youhadtold|D]mehisname.Inanhour's[A]timeIhaddonetheworkwith[B]mysatisfaction;Igotmyhatin[CJhallandslippedoutunnoticed.[D]Thenewhotelhaserected[A]abeautifulbuildingwith[B]recreationareasandconferencefacilitiesonthetopfloorinwhich[C]thefinestviewofthecitycanbeobtained.[D]Whilein[A]Europe,thetouristsenjoyedto[B]theirheart's[C]contenttheweather,thefoodandgoingtothetheatre.[D]VerbFormsFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofverbsgiveninbrackets.(10EXAMPLE:(appointed)forthiscollege.ItishighlydesirablethatanewpresidentANSWER:(should)beappointed(appointed)forthiscollege.Theenemyretreatedtothewoodsafterthey(defeat).I(speak)tohimforsometimebeforeIrealizedwhohewas.Oneshouldneverloseone'sheartwhen(confront)withtemporarydifficulties.Thehousesuddenlycollapsedwhileit(pull)down.On(give)anassignmenttomakeabusinesstourabroad,hegladlyacceptedit.(Get)everythingready,theygotdowntomapoutaplanfortheconstructionofanewexpressway.AfterPetergrewabeard,evenhisclosefriends(notrecognize)himatfirstsight.Darkness(set)in,theyoungpeoplelingeredonmerrymaking.Thestudentswereto(assemble)attheauditoriumbefore1:30p.m.,butthelecturewascanceledatthelastminute.Emphasisislaidonthenecessitythatalltheobjectivestobeattained(take)intoaccountbeforestartinganewproject.Chinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(15points).去年的好收成是由于農(nóng)場(chǎng)管理的改進(jìn)和有利的氣體條件。.他在科研上取得的成就要比預(yù)期的大。.我們現(xiàn)在必須做的是把情況作一番仔細(xì)的調(diào)查。.很難說(shuō)哪個(gè)方案更為切實(shí)可行。.昨晚如果他來(lái)了,問(wèn)題也許已得到解決。English-ChineseTranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Onlytheunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.(20points)Itwouldbeinterestingtodiscoverhowmanyyoungpeoplegotouniversitywithoutanyclearideaofwhattheyaregoingtodoafterwards.(71)Ifoneconsiderstheenormousvarietyofcoursesoffered,itisnothardtoseehowdifficultitisforastudenttoselectthecoursemostsuitedtohisinterestsandabilities.(72)Ifastudentgoestouniversitytoacquireabroaderperspectiveoflife,toenlargehisideasandtolearntothinkforhimself,hewillundoubtedlybenefit.(73)Schoolsoftenhavetoorestrictinganatmosphere,withitstimetablesanddisciplines,toallowhimmuchtimeforindependentassessmentoftheworkheisaskedtodo.(74)Moststudentswould,Ibelieve,profitbyayearofsuchexplorationofdifferentacademicstudies,especiallythose“allrounders“withnoparticularinterest.Theyshouldhavelongertimetodecideinwhatsubjecttheywanttotaketheirdegrees,sothatinlaterlife,theydonotlookbackandsay,"Ishouldliketohavebeenanarchaeologist.IfIhadnttakenadegreeinModemLanguages,Ishouldn'thaveendedupasaninterpreter,butit'stoolatenow.Icouldn'tgobackandbeginalloveragain."(75)Thereis,ofcourse,anothersidetothequestionofhowtomakethebestuseofone'stimeatuniversity.(76)Thisisthecaseofthestudentwhoexcelsinaparticularbranchoflearning.(77)HeisimmediatelyacceptedbytheUniversityofhischoice,andspendshisthreeorfouryearsbecomingaspecialist,emergingwithafirst-classHonourDegreeandverylittleknowledgeofwhattherestoftheworldisallabout.(78)Itthereforebecomesmoreandmoreimportantthat,ifstudentsarenottowastetheiropportunities,therewillhavetobemuchmoredetailedinformationaboutcoursesandmoreadvice.Onlyinthiswaycanwebesurethatwearenottohave,ontheonehand,abandofspecialistsignorantofanythingoutsideoftheirownsubject,andontheotherhand,aneverincreasingnumberofgraduatesqualifiedinsubjectsforwhichthereislittleornodemandintheworkingworld.1986年參考答案StructureandVocabulary(15points)TOC\o"1-5"\h\z[B] 2. [C] 3. [A] 4. [A] 5. [D]6. [B] 7. [A] 8. [D] 9. [C] 10. [C][C] 12. [A] 13. [D] 14. [D] 15. [C]Error-detectionandCorrection(10points)[A] 17. [DI 18. [B] 19. [C] 20. [B][D] 22. [B] 23. [A] 24. [A] 25. [C]ReadingComprehension(10points)26. [B] 27. [D] 28. [C] 29. [D] 30. [B]31. [C] 32. [A] 33. [D] 34. [A] 35. [C]StructureandVocabulary(10points)[C] 37. [B] 38. [A] 39. [C] 40. [D][D] 42. [CJ 43. [B] 44. [B] 45. [D]Error-detectionandCorrection(10points)46.[C]approveof47.[C]hasbeen48.[A]appear49.[C]hasbeengiven50.[C]mostpoorly51.[B](the)best,(the)most52.[C]evenif,eventhough53.[B]to54.[C]where,fromwhich,onwhich55.[D]thetheatreSectionVI:VerbForms(10points)56.weredefeated/hadbeendefeated57.hadbeenspeaking58.confronted59.wasbeingpulled60.beinggiven61.Havinggot62.could/didnotrecognize,werenotabletorecognize63.setting64.haveassembled/assemble65.(should)betakenChinese-EnglishTranslation(15points)Thegoodcroplastyearwasduetotheimprovementoffarmmanagementandfavorableweathercondition.Thesuccesshehasachievedinscientificresearchisgreaterthanexpected.Whatwemustdonowistomakeacarefulinvestigationofthesituation.It'shardtosaywhichplanismorepracticable.Ifhehadcomeyesterdayevening,thequestionmighthavebeensolved.English-ChineseTranslation(20points)71.如果想ー想那些為學(xué)生設(shè)置的門類繁多的課程,我們就不難發(fā)現(xiàn),對(duì)ー個(gè)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),要選ー門符合他的興趣和能力的課程是多么困難。帝::如果一個(gè)學(xué)生進(jìn)大學(xué)是為了想獲得?個(gè)對(duì)生活前景更廣泛的認(rèn)識(shí),為了擴(kuò)大思想境界和學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立.思考,那么臉無(wú)疑問(wèn),進(jìn)大學(xué)対他是有好處的。〈.學(xué)校由于受課程表和紀(jì)律的約束,氣氛往往令大感到過(guò)于拘束,使學(xué)生沒(méi)有充分時(shí)間對(duì)規(guī)定要他做的事情有獨(dú)立的見(jiàn)解。.我認(rèn)為大多數(shù)學(xué)生,尤其是那些沒(méi)有偏重某一門課程的“全面發(fā)展的學(xué)生”,經(jīng)過(guò)一年左右的時(shí)間對(duì)各門不同學(xué)科的鉆研，將會(huì)從中獲益。.當(dāng)然，關(guān)于ー個(gè)人如何最充分地利用上大學(xué)的時(shí)間，還有另外?個(gè)方面。.某一學(xué)科中出類拔萃的學(xué)生就屬于這種情況。.他ー畢業(yè)馬上就被?所他自己選中的大學(xué)所接受，再花三、四年時(shí)間,以優(yōu)異的成績(jī)?nèi)〉脴s譽(yù)學(xué)位,成為一名專家，但對(duì)外界的一切卻幾乎ー無(wú)所知。.因此,如果要學(xué)生好好利用他們上.大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)，就應(yīng)該為他們提供大量關(guān)于課程方面更為詳盡的信息和更多的指點(diǎn)。這個(gè)問(wèn)題顯得越來(lái)越重要了。1987年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)試題SectionI:StructureandVocabularyIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.Putyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.(10points)EXAMPLE:Iwascaughttherainyesterday.IA]in[B]bywith

atANSWER:[A]Theskyscraperstandsoutthebluesky.inagainstunderbeneathTheyhavealwaysbeenongoodwiththeirnext-doorneighbors.friendshiprelationsconnection[D]termsHello!Isthat21035?Pleaseputmetothemanager.[A]acrossIB]up[C]through[D]overWhydoyoulookso?Youneversmileorlookcheerful.[A]miserable巴母[B]unfortunate巴母Eggs,thoughnourishing,have[A]largenumber|B]alargenumber[C]thehighamount|D]ahighamountJimalwayshisclassmatesinadebate.backsoutbacksawaybacksupbacksdownMostofthepeoplewhotwoworldwarsarestronglyagainstarmsrace.[AJhavelivedouthavelivedthroughhavelivedonhavelivedoffTherearemanyinconveniencesthathavetobewhenyouarecamping.putupputupwithputoffputawayIsittruethatthoseoldhousesarebeingpulleddownnewofficeblocks?[A]toaccommodate|B]toprovidefortoincreasetomakeroomforBeinginnogreathurry,.wewentthelongroutewithscenerythelong,scenicroutewasourpreferencewetookthelongscenicrouteourpreferencewastakingthelong,scenicrouteSectionII:ReadingComprehensionEachofthreepassagesbelowisfollowedbyfivequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers,readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestion.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Text1Forcenturiesmendreamedofachievingverticalflight.In400A.D.Chinesechildrenplayedwithafan-liketoythatspunupwardsandfellbacktoearthasrotationceased.LeonardodaVinciconceivethefirstmechanicalapparatus,calleda“Helix,“whichcouldcarrymanstraightup,butwasonlyadesignandwasnevertested.Theancient-dreamwasfinallyrealizedin1940whenaRussianengineerpilotedastrangelookingcraftofsteeltubingwitharotatingfanontop.Itroseawkwardlyandverticallyintotheairfromastandingstart,hoveredafewfeetabovetheground,wentsidewaysandbackwards,andthensettledbacktoearth.Thevehiclewascalledahelicopter.Imaginationswerefired.Mendreamedofgoingtoworkintheirownpersonalhelicopters.Peopleanticipatethatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.Suchfantasticexpectationswerenotfulfilled.Thehelicopterhasnowbecomeanextremelyusefulmachine.Itexcelsinmilitarymissions,carryingtroops,gunsandstrategicinstrumentswhereotheraircraftcannotgo.Corporationsusethemasairborneoffices,manymetropolitanareasusetheminpolicework,constructionandloggingcompaniesemploytheminvariousadvantageousways,engineersusethemforsiteselectionandsurveying,andoilcompaniesusethemasthebestwaytomakeoffshoreandremoteworkstationsaccessibletocrewsandsupplies.Anyurgentmissiontoahard-to-get-toplaceisalikelytaskforahelicopter.Amongtheirothermultitudeofused:deliverpeopleacrosstown,flytoandfromairports,assistinrescuework,andaidinthesearchformissingorwantedpersons.Peopleexpectthat.theairlinersoftodaywouldeventuallybereplacedbyhelicoptershelicopterswouldsomedaybeabletotransportlargenumberofpeoplefromplacetoplaceasairlinersarenowdoing[CJtheimaginationsfiredbytheRussianengineer'sinventionwouldbecomearealityinthefuturetheirfantasticexpectationsabouthelicopterscouldbefulfilledbyairlinersoftodayHelicoptersworkwiththeaidof.[AJacombinationofrotatingdevicesinfrontandontoparotatingdevicetopsideonerotatingfaninthecenteroftheaircraftandothersateachendarotatingfanunderneathforliftingWhatissaidaboutthedevelopmentofthehelicopter?Helicoptershaveonlybeenworkedonbymansince1940.Chinesechildrenwerethefirsttoachieveflightinhelicopters.Helicopterswereconsideredmoredangerousthantheearlyairplanes.Somepeoplethoughttheywouldbecomewidelyusedbyaverageindividuals.Howhastheuseofhelicoptersdeveloped?Theyhavebeenwidelyusedforvariouspurposes.|B]Theyaretakingtheplaceofhigh-flyingjets.Theyareusedforrescuework.Theyarenowusedexclusivelyforcommercialprojects.Underwhatconditionsarehelicoptersfoundtobeabsolutelyessential?Foroverseaspassengertransportation.Forextremelyhighaltitudeflights.Forhigh-speedtransportation.Forurgentmissiontoplacesinaccessibletootherkindsofcraft.Text2InancientGreeceathleticfestivalswereveryimportantandhadstrongreligiousassociations.TheOlympianathleticfestivalheldeveryfouryearsinhonorofZeus,kingoftheOlympianGods,eventuallylostitslocalcharacter,becamefirstanationaleventandthen,aftertherulesagainstforeigncompetitorshadbeenabolished,international.NooneknowsexactlyhowfarbacktheOlympicGamesgo,butsomeofficialrecordsdatefrom776B.C.ThegamestookplaceinAugustontheplainbyMountOlympus.ManythousandsofspectatorsgatheredfromallpartsofGreece,butnomarriedwomanwasadmittedevenasaspectator.Slaves,womenanddishonoredpersonswerenotallowedtocompete.Theexactsequenceofeventsuncertain,buteventsincludedboy'sgymnastics,boxing,wrestling,horseracingandfieldevents,thoughtherewerefewersportsinvolvedthaninthemodernOlympicGames.OnthelastdayoftheGames,allthewinnerswerehonoredbyhavingaringofholyoliveleavesplacedontheirheads.Sogreatwasthehonorthatthewinnerofthefootracegavehisnametotheyearofhisvictory.AlthoughOlympicwinnersreceivednoprizemoney,theywere,infact,richlyrewardedbytheirstateauthorities.Howtheirresultscomparedwithmodernstandards,weunfortunatelyhavenomeansoftelling.Afteranuninterruptedhistoryofalmost1,200years,theGamesweresuspendedbytheRomansin394A.D.TheycontinuedforsuchalongtimebecausepeoplebelievedinthephilosophybehindtheOlympics:theideathatahealthybodyproducedahealthymind,andthatthespiritofcompetitioninsportsandgameswaspreferabletothecompetitionthatcausedwars.Itwasover1,500yearsbeforeanothersuchinternationalathleticgatheringtookplaceinAthensin1896.N