考研考博-英語-山東商務(wù)職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東商務(wù)職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

AtfirstJackieprayed,frozeninfear,butgraduallyhisterror（

）curiosity.

問題1選項

A.gaveawayto

B.gavewayto

C.goawayto

D.livedupto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項giveawayto“泄露，贈送，告發(fā)”；B選項givewayto“向……讓步，向……妥協(xié)，被……替代”；C選項goawayto“離開，消失，外出”；D選項liveupto“遵守（諾言），符合，不辜負(fù)（期望）”。句中的but表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，可推測此處是指由最差的恐懼到后面的好奇，B選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：起初Jackie在恐懼中祈禱，但漸漸地，他的恐懼被好奇替代。

2.單選題

Therearefaultswhichagereleasesusfrom,andtherearevirtueswhichturntoviceswiththelapseofyears.Theworstoftheseisthrift,whichinearlyandmiddlelifeiswisdomanddutytopracticeforaprovisionagainstdestitution.Astimegoesonthisvirtueisapttoturnintotheugliest,cruelest,shabbiestofthevices.Thenthevictimofitfindshimselfstoringpastallprobableneedofsavingforhimselforthosenexthim,tothedeprivationoftheremoterkinoftherace.Intheearliertimewhengainwassymbolizedbygoldorsilver,themiserhadasensualjoyinthetouchofhisriches,inhearingthecoinsclinkintheirfallthroughhisfingersandingloatingupontheirincreasesensibletothehandandeye.Thenthemiserhadhisplaceamongthegreatfiguresofmisdoing;hewasofadramaticeffect,likeamurdererorarobberandsomethingofthisbaddistinctionclungtohimevenwhenhiscoinshadchangedtopapercurrency,theclean,whitenotesoftheonlyEnglishbank,orthegreenbacks,ofourinnumerablebanksofissue;butwhenthesenseofricheshadbeentransmutedtothebalanceinhisfavorathisbanker’s,orthebondsinhisdraweratthesafety-depositvault,allsplendorhadgoneoutofhisvice.Hisbademinencewasgone,butheclungtothelustofgainwhichhadrankedhimwiththepicturesquewrong-doers,andwhichonlyruinfromwithoutcouldsavehimfrom,unlesshegavehisremnantofstrengthtosavinghimselffromit.Mostagingmenaresensibleofallthis,butfewhavethefranknessofthatagingmanwhooncesaidthathewhodiedrichdieddisgraced,anddiedtheotherdayinthecomparativepovertyoffiftymillions.

1.Thisshortpassageismainlytotellthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,oneisthoughtviciouswhenhe（）.

3.Theitalicizedexpression“gloatingupon”probablymeans（）.

4.Thewords“inthecomparativepovertyoffiftymillions”attheendofthepassagesuggestsanotionthat（）.

問題1選項

A.manbecomesincreasinglygreedywhengettingold

B.amisercanbehonestifhedoesnowrongact

C.agecanhelpconvertsomevirtueintovice

D.misersallstartedfromtryingtobethrifty

問題2選項

A.gathersupmoneyatthesacrificeofallhisfamilymembers

B.practicesendlessthriftytoguardhispeoplefrompoverty

C.storescontinuouslyforhisownandhisrelatives’needs

D.savestoomuchbutwouldn’tspenditforthenecessary

問題3選項

A.thinkingwithslightguilt

B.seeingwithmuchsatisfaction

C.touchingwithgreatawe

D.hearingwithlittledelight

問題4選項

A.stinginessmaycauseaveryrichmantodieverypitiful

B.richpeoplemaystilltake50millionascomparativelittle

C.oneremainsdiscontentwithallhehasgaineduntilhisdeath

D.therichareinconsiderateofthemajoritythatliveinpoverty

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章的中心句是第一句Therearefaultswhichagereleasesusfrom,andtherearevirtueswhichturntoviceswiththelapseofyears.（有些缺點會隨著年齡的增長而消失，有些美德會隨著歲月的流逝而變成惡習(xí)。），接著文章以節(jié)儉為例說明主題。因此C選項“年齡可以使美德變?yōu)樾皭骸闭_。A選項“人越老越貪婪”和原文隨著歲月的流逝節(jié)儉變成惡習(xí)的意思混淆，所以A錯誤。B選項“如果守財奴沒有做錯事，他也可以是誠實的”在文中沒有提及，所以B錯誤。D選項“吝嗇鬼都是從努力節(jié)儉開始的”是文中的一個細(xì)節(jié)，不能概括文章主旨，所以D錯誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第四句Thenthevictimofitfindshimselfstoringpastallprobableneedofsavingforhimselforthosenexthim,tothedeprivationoftheremoterkinoftherace.（有這種陋習(xí)的人發(fā)現(xiàn)他們自己不斷地儲存，致使其他遠(yuǎn)親們一無所獲。），說明被視為罪惡的原因是只顧自己積蓄，不幫助其他遠(yuǎn)親。因此D選項“儲蓄太多，但不愿花在必要的地方”正確。A選項“犧牲所有的家庭成員來攢錢”，B選項“孜孜不倦地節(jié)儉以保護他的人民免受貧困”，C選項“不斷地儲存以滿足自己和親戚的需要”均不是被視為罪惡的原因，所以A，B，C錯誤。

3.語義推測題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第五句Intheearliertimewhengainwassymbolizedbygoldorsilver,themiserhadasensualjoyinthetouchofhisriches,inhearingthecoinsclinkintheirfallthroughhisfingersandingloatingupontheirincreasesensibletothehandandeye.（在早期，財富是以金或銀作為象征的，當(dāng)守財奴接觸到自己的財富時，聽到硬幣從他的手指間叮當(dāng)作響地掉下時，就會感到一種感官上的快樂，而且還會因為硬幣的增加而沾沾自喜。），說明“gloatingupon”在這里的意思是滿意地看到自己的財富增加。因此B選項“滿意地看到”正確。A選項“帶著輕微的負(fù)罪感思考”，C選項“充滿敬畏地觸摸”，D選項“聽著不太高興”不符合原文的意思，所以A，C，D錯誤。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一句Mostagingmenaresensibleofallthis,butfewhavethefranknessofthatagingmanwhooncesaidthathewhodiedrichdieddisgraced,anddiedtheotherdayinthecomparativepovertyoffiftymillions.（大多數(shù)上了年紀(jì)的人都明白吝嗇的下場，但是沒幾個人像那位老人一樣坦率地說過，富人死得并不體面，他死時雖然有五千萬的財富，但相對來說，他精神上是十分貧困的。），說明這句話暗示的內(nèi)容是雖然吝嗇的人可能會非常富有，但他們死去時的處境也是很可憐的。因此A選項“吝嗇可能會使一個非常富有的人死得很可憐”正確。B選項“富人可能仍然覺得五千萬很少”，C選項“一個人直到死前都不滿足于他所得到的一切”，D選項“富人不考慮大多數(shù)生活在貧困中的人”的說法均太籠統(tǒng)，所以B，C，D錯誤。

3.單選題

Fundamentally,incomedisparitydescribestwodisparategroups:richandpoor.Itishardlynewsthatthericharegettingricher.Theunderlyingstoryisafamiliarone:thewealthiesthouseholdsownthemostassets,namelystocks,andassetpriceshaverisenataferociouspaceinrecentyears.Beyondthestandardexplanation,itisalsothecasethattheemergenceoftechnology,risingproductivity,andanexpandingglobalmarkethavebroughtforthanewupperclassamongcorporations.Thesenewlywealthyfirmspayskilledemployeeswellandinanever-tighterlabormarket,theyareforcedtoconstantlysweetentheiremployees’compensation.

Thentherearethepoor,whereconditionsarealittlemurky.Fallingunemployment,anecdotalevidenceofrisingstartingwagesforlow-levelservicejobs,andtherelativenon-eventofwelfarereformsofarsuggestthatconditionsatthelowendareimproving.Yetatthesametime,wholecommunitiesundersiegebycrimeandhopelessnesscannotbeignored.

Thatsaid,incomeinequalityasablanketindictmentonoureconomicsystemdoesnotfly.Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine.Theabilitytosomedayearnmore,toliveatahigherstandard,iswhatgetspeopleoutofbedinthemorning,particularlyinourconsumer-orientedeconomy.Incomedisparityonlybecomesaproblemifitwidenstotheextentthatthelaborforcebelievesthatgreaterwealthcanonlybeachievedbythealreadywealthy.

Indeed,itisunreasonabletostatethatincomedisparityiserodingthelaborforce’swilltoimproveproductivityandmoveahead.Increasinglaborforceparticipation,recordhomeownership,surgingconsumerconfidenceandspending,near-recordlevelsofimmigration,andurbanrenewalareallanecdotalevidencethathopesarehigh.AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring.

Sowhyaretherestillverypoorhouseholdsinthiscountry?Therearemanyreasons.Oureconomyisshiftingtowardstheproductionofhighervaluegoodsandservices.Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly.TherehasalsobeenarecentsurgeofimmigrationintotheU.S.Manymigrantstothiscountry,particularlythosewhoareunskilledorlanguagechallenged,requiretimetobeabsorbedintooureconomy.Ifskillsarelacking,itmaytakeagenerationortwotomoveahead.

Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich.Oneofthefundamentalsofeconomicsisthatonedecideshowhardtowork,wheretowork,andwhatriskstotake.Monetarywealthisnotthesolemeansofmaximizingutility.Eachpersonhasafinitelifespanandfiniteabilities;itisuptotheindividualtoapplythoseastheyseefit.Thewealthygettingwealthierisnotalwaysevidencetoothersthattheythemselvesarefallingbehind.

1.Intheauthor’scountry,（）maybenefitfromthedevelopmentofitseconomy.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

3.Theauthorbelievesthatincomedisparitywill（）.

4.Themainideapresentedinthelastparagraphisthat（）.

問題1選項

A.thewealthyratherthanthepoor

B.alltheimmigrants

C.onlyskilledemployees

D.allthepeople

問題2選項

A.Everypersonwantstobecomerich.

B.Unskilledpeopletendtobepoor.

C.Mostimmigrantsareverypoor.

D.Thewealthyisgettingwealthier

問題3選項

A.begraduallynarrowed

B.disappearsoonerorlater

C.persistaseverbefore

D.bemoreandmorewidened

問題4選項

A.noteverypersoniswillingtobecomeaswealthyaspossible

B.whatapersonpursuesintheworldisnotmonetarywealth

C.eachindividualknowsexactlywhathisultimategoalis

D.itisunderstandableforthewealthytogetwealthier

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在作者的國家，哪類人受益于經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展？”文章第四段最后一句話提到“所有人都在新經(jīng)濟中發(fā)展”(AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomy)，因此選項D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“下列哪個表述是正確的？”文章第五段提到“非技術(shù)勞動力的償付水平與以前不同了……”（Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly），選項B“非技術(shù)人員傾向貧窮”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者認(rèn)為收入差距將……”。文章第三段第一句話提到“收入差距是驅(qū)動經(jīng)濟引擎的汽油”（Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine），因此它不可能消失，所以選項C“一直存在”符合題意。

4.主旨大意題。題目問的是“最后一段的主要思想是什么？”文章最后一段第一句提到變得富有并不是每個人的最終目標(biāo)（Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich），因此選項A符合題意。

4.翻譯題

Formethemostinterestingthingaboutasolitarylife,andminehasbeenthatfortheblasttwentyyears,isthatitbecomesincreasinglyrewarding.WhenIcanwakeupandwatchthesunrisesovertheocean,asIdomostdays,andknowthatIhaveanentiredayahead,uninterrupted,inwhichtowriteafewpages,takeawalkwithmydog,readandlistentomusic,Iamfloodedwithhappiness.

IamlonelywhenIamovertired,whenIhaveworkedtoolongwithoutabreak,whenforthetimebeingIfeelemptyandneedfillingup.AndIamlonelysometimeswhenIcomebackhomeafteralecturetrip,whenIhaveseenalotofpeopleandtalkedalot,andamfulltothebrimwithexperiencethatneedstobesortedout.

Thenforawhilethehousefeelshugeandempty,andIwonderwheremyselfishiding.Ithastoberecapturedslowlybywateringtheplantsand,perhaps,bylookingagainateachoneasthoughitwasaperson.

Ittakesawhile,asIwatchthesurfblowingupinfountains,butthemomentcomeswhentheworldfallsaway,andtheselfemergesagainfromthedeepunconscious,bringingbackallIhaverecentlyexperiencedtobeexploredandslowlyunderstood.

【答案】對我來說，獨自生活最有趣的事情是生活變得越來越有價值，我已經(jīng)這樣獨自生活了二十年。正如我大多數(shù)日子做的那樣，當(dāng)我醒來，看著太陽從海平面升起，我已經(jīng)提前知道了這一整天（的計劃），不會被打攪，寫幾頁文字，和我的狗散步，讀讀書，聽聽音樂，我充滿了幸福。

當(dāng)我過度勞累、長時間不間斷地工作或者一時感到空虛需要充實時，我就會感到孤獨。有時，當(dāng)我結(jié)束了演講之旅回到家中，我會感到孤獨，因為我見了很多人，說了很多話，心里充滿了需要整理的經(jīng)歷。

之后有那么一段時間，我覺得房子又大又空，不知道自己藏在了哪里。我只得給植物澆澆水，或許再像看人一樣，看看它們的千姿百態(tài)，慢慢地找回自我。

有那么一小會兒，我看著那噴泉里飛濺的浪花，但當(dāng)世界逐漸消失時，那一刻就來臨了，自我又從潛意識的深處再次浮現(xiàn)，帶著這幾天的經(jīng)歷去探究，然后慢慢領(lǐng)悟。

5.單選題

TheforeignstudentinChinais（

）withagooddealofChineseculture.

問題1選項

A.scattered

B.overflowed

C.permeated

D.manipulated

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項scattered“分散的，散亂的”；B選項overflowed“溢出的”；C選項permeated“滲透，彌漫”，bepermeatedwith洋溢著；D選項manipulated“操作”。句意：在中國的外國學(xué)生洋溢著大量的中國文化氣息。選項C更符合語境。

6.單選題

Arailwayticketshouldindicatetheplaceofdepartureaswellasthe（

）ofthetrip.

問題1選項

A.arrival

B.image

C.destination

D.sequence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。arrival意為“到達(dá)，抵達(dá)”；image意為“形象，印象，畫像”；destination意為“目的地，終點”；sequence意為“一系列，一連串，順序”。

句意：火車票應(yīng)注明出發(fā)地點和旅行目的地。

7.翻譯題

目前，中國仍是跨國公司投資的首選目的地，特別是在服務(wù)業(yè)和外包行業(yè)。2013年，全球外國直接投資下降近40%，但對華投資僅下降3%。作為對西方擔(dān)憂的回應(yīng)，中國不斷加大保護知識產(chǎn)權(quán)力度，制定了系列比較完整、在世界上也比較先進的保護知識產(chǎn)權(quán)法律體系和行政執(zhí)法、刑事執(zhí)法雙軌的執(zhí)法機制。在危機中遭遇巨大沖擊的跨國公司，在中國找到了新的發(fā)展空間和增長點。2009年，通用汽車在美國申請破產(chǎn)，但該公司在華銷售卻增長了67%。

(參考詞匯：multinationalcompanies;outsourcing;intellectualproperty;double-track)

【答案】

Recently,Chinaremainsatopdestinationforinvestmentbymultinationalcompanies,particularlyinserviceandoutsourcing.In2013,globalFDIdroppedbynearly40%,butinvestmentintoChinafellbyonly3%.ReactingtoworriesintheWest,Chinahasalsostrengthenedintellectualpropertyprotectionwithnewlawsanda“double-track”systemofadministrativeandcriminalenforcement.Crisis-hitmultinationalshavefoundnewsourcesofprofitgrowthinChina.In2009,GeneralMotorsfiledforbankruptcyintheUS,butitssalesinChinagrewby67%.

8.單選題

TheEuropeanParliamenthasbannedtheterms“Miss”and“Mrs”theyoffendfemalemembers.

問題1選項

A.aslongas

B.themoment

C.sothat

D.incase

【答案】D

【解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。aslongas“只要”；themoment“一……就……”；sothat“所以，以便”；incase“萬一，假使”。句意：歐洲議會禁止使用“小姐”和“夫人”這兩個詞，以防它們冒犯女性議員。因此D選項符合題意。

9.單選題

UrbanmotorwayshaveprovednosolutiontoBritain’s______trafficcongestion—indeedsomesaytheyhavemadeitworse.

問題1選項

A.abundant

B.adamant

C.sticky

D.chronic

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項abundant“大量的，充裕的”；B選項adamant“堅決的”；C選項sticky“難辦的，棘手的”；D選項chronic“長期的，難以治愈（或根除）的”。句意：事實證明，城市高速公路并不能解決英國______的交通擁堵問題——事實上，有的人說，城市高速公路讓情況更糟了。橫線處修飾trafficcongestion“交通擁堵問題”，交通擁堵問題不是短時間形成和解決的，沒有提到會帶來很嚴(yán)重的后果，需要立刻解決，不至于棘手，D選項chronic“長期的，難以治愈（或根除）的”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

10.單選題

Theconductoroftheorchestrawasnotsatisfiedwiththeballetforthestepsofthedancerwasnot（）withtherhythmofthemusic.

問題1選項

A.coordinated

B.corresponded

C.synchronized

D.reconciled

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組。Synchronizewith“（使）同步；（使）在時間上一致；（使）同速進行”。句意：管弦樂隊的指揮對芭蕾舞不滿意，因為舞蹈家的舞步與音樂的節(jié)奏不一致。根據(jù)語境和句意可知C為正確答案。

11.單選題

Wedon’tthinkitisagoodhabitforTomto____inaffairsthatareofnoconcerntohim.

問題1選項

A.impart

B.ponder

C.abound

D.meddle

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.impart（~sthtosb）通知B.ponder（~about/on/oversth）仔細(xì)思考

C.abound（~with/in）充滿；富于D.meddle（~in/withsth）干涉；管閑事

【答案】D

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】空格處所填詞搭配的介詞為in，賓語為“與他無關(guān)的事”，并且原句對此給出的評價是“不是一個好習(xí)慣”，由此可知，D選項“干涉；管閑事”符合原句語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】我們認(rèn)為Tom介入與他無關(guān)的事情不是一個好習(xí)慣。

12.單選題

Anypossibledeleterioussideeffectsofthenewdrugcannotbedeterminedby______trials;severallong-termstudieswith______identicalmethodologiesarerequired.

問題1選項

A.baneful…germane

B.acceding…fawning

C.mitigating…stout

D.cursory...uniform

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.baneful…germane有害的，有毒的……貼切的，恰當(dāng)?shù)?，有密切關(guān)系的B.acceding…fawning加入，同意v.……奉承的，恭維的

C.mitigating…stout減輕的，節(jié)制的，和緩的……堅決的，強有力的D.cursory...uniform粗略的，草率的……統(tǒng)一的，相同的

【答案】D

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子意思“新藥的任何可能的有害副作用都不能通過______試驗確定；它需要用______相同方法進行幾項長期研究”可知，兩個空格處都要填入一個形容詞，第一個空格根據(jù)句意可知，填入cursory表示“草率的”符合語境；第二個空格根據(jù)后面的identical（相同的）可知，該空格填入uniform表示“統(tǒng)一的”符合，故該題選擇D項。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C項不符合句意。

【句意】新藥的任何可能的有害副作用都不能通過草率的試驗確定；它需要用統(tǒng)一的相同方法進行幾項長期研究。

13.單選題

IthoughtthatProfessorLiebermann'sspeechatthefarewellbanquetwasverymarvelous.andsodidmostoftheotherpeoplethere,tojudgefromthevigorousapplauseitreceived.

問題1選項

A.speechatthefarewellbanque

B.verymarvelous

C.andsodid

D.tojudgefromthevigorous

E.tojudgefromthevigorous

【答案】D

【解析】語法錯誤。非謂語動詞錯誤。tojudgefrom改為judgingfrom?！皌ojudgefromthevigorousapplauseitreceived”這部分在句子中作方式狀語，故需要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式j(luò)udgingfrom。

14.單選題

Workersinthefinearts（

）thoughtsandfeelingsthroughtheircreativeworks.

問題1選項

A.transmit

B.elaborate

C.convey

D.contribute

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A項transmit表示“傳輸”；B項elaborate表示“精心制作，詳細(xì)描述”；C項convey表示“傳達(dá)”；D項contribute表示“貢獻(xiàn)”。根據(jù)句意可知，精細(xì)工藝的工人通過有創(chuàng)造性的作品來思想和感情。因此，本題選擇C項最符合句意。

15.單選題

Inselectingamaterialtheengineer’sinterestisinitspropertieswhichdeterminehowitwillperformundertheloadsandcondition（

）itissubject.

問題1選項

A.where

B.which

C.inwhich

D.towhich

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句。由固定搭配“besubjectto”可知此處將介詞提前，因此選D。

句意：在選擇材料時，工程師感興趣的是材料在遭受負(fù)荷或者某種狀況時所表現(xiàn)出來的特性。

16.單選題

Whentwopeoplefeelthesamewayabouteachother,theirfeelingsaremutual.

問題1選項

A.compatible

B.visible

C.reciprocal

D.typical

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。mutual表示“共同的，相互的，彼此的”；A項compatible“兼容的，能共處的，可并立的”，B項visible“明顯的，看得見的”，C項reciprocal“互惠的，相互的，倒數(shù)的”，D項typical“典型的，特有的”。句意：當(dāng)兩個人對彼此有相同的感覺時，他們的感覺是相互的。根據(jù)句意可知，C項的意思符合句子。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

17.單選題

Manyofthemostflexibleexamplesoftooluseinanimalscomefromprimates(theorderthatincludeshumans,apes,andmonkeys).Forexample,manywildprimatesuseobjectstothreatenoutsiders.Buttherearemanyexamplesoftoolusebyothermammals,aswellasbybirdsandothertypesofanimals.

Toolsareusedbymanyspeciesinthecaptureorpreparationoffood.Chimpanzeesusesticksandpolestobringoutantsandtermitesfromtheirhidingplaces.AmongthemostcomplextooluseobservedinthewildistheuseofstonesbyIvoryCoastchimpanzeestocracknutsopen.Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallerstoneasahammer,sometimescarryahaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil.Theuseoftoolsinchimpanzeesisespeciallyinterestingbecausetheseanimalssometimesmodifytoolstomakethembettersuitedfortheirintendedpurpose.Tomakeatwigmoreeffectivefordiggingouttermites,forexample,achimpmayfirststripitofitsleaves.

Surprisingly,thereisalsoaspeciesofbirdthatusesstickstoprobeholesinthesearchforinsects.OneofthespeciesofGalapagosfinch,thewoodpeckerfinch,picksuporbreaksoffatwig,cactusspine,orleafstein.Thisprimitivetoolisthenheldinthebeakandusedtoprobeforinsectsinholesintreesthatthebirdcannotprobedirectlywithitsbeak.Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey.

Toolsmayalsobeusedfordefense.Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies.Studieshavedemonstratedthatthesecrabssignificantlyimprovetheirchancesagainstpredatorssuchasoctopusbymeansofthistactic.Also,manyspeciesofforest-dwellingprimatesdefendthemselvesbythrowingobjects,includingstones,atintruders.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,IvoryCoastchimpanzeesareamongthemostremarkableofanimaltoolusersbecausethey（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthebehaviorofthewoodpeckerfinch?

4.Accordingtothepassage,studieshaveshownthathermitcrabsmanagetoturnoctopusawayby

（

）.

5.ForestprimatesandcertainseaanimalsarementionedinthepassageasexamplesofanimalsthatusetoolsEXCEPTfor（

）.

問題1選項

A.Primatesaresuperiortootheranimalsinusingtools.

B.Theuseofstonesastoolsissimilaracrossdifferentanimalspecies.

C.Birdsandprimatesusetoolsthataredifferentfromthoseofseaanimals.

D.Manyanimalshavedevelopedeffectivewaysofusingtools.

問題2選項

A.usetoolstogatherfood

B.usemorethanonetooltoaccomplishatask

C.transporttoolsfromoneplacetoanother

D.hidetheirtoolsfromotheranimals

問題3選項

A.Itusesitsbeakasaweaponagainstitsenemies.

B.Itusesthesametwigtolookforfoodindifferenttrees.

C.Itusestwigsandleavestobuilditsnest.

D.Itavoidsareaswherecactusgrows.

問題4選項

A.attackingtheoctopuswiththeirclaws

B.usingstonesasweapons

C.defendingthemselveswithseaanemones

D.hidingunderseaplants

問題5選項

A.self-protection

B.foodpreparation

C.huntingprey

D.buildingnestsorhome

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章討論的主要問題是……”。文章第一段提到動物使用工具，主要是靈長類，但也有其他一些哺乳動物、鳥類等；第二段提到很多種類的動物使用工具來捕捉食物；第三段提到有些動物使用工具來挖洞或者找昆蟲；最后一段提到動物使用工具來攻擊。由此可知選項D“許多動物開發(fā)了工具的有效使用方式”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章，象牙海岸的黑猩猩是最引人注目的動物工具使用者，因為……”。文章第二段提到“它們選擇一塊大而平的石頭做砧板，另一塊小一點的石頭當(dāng)錘子，有時候會推著堅果走到超過40米外的地方找合適的砧板”（Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallerstoneasahammer,sometimescarryahaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil），由此可知選項B“使用不止一種工具來完成任務(wù)”符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。題目問的是“下面哪個選項可以從文章中推斷出啄木鳥的行為”。文章第三段最后一句話提到“啄木鳥會帶著它的細(xì)枝在樹木之間飛來飛去”（Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey），可以推斷出啄木鳥這么做是為了找蟲子，選項B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)寄居蟹能夠把章魚趕走是通過……”。文章第四段提到“寄居蟹用鉗子抓住?？魑淦髭s跑敵人”（Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies），選項C符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“森林靈長類動物和海洋中的某些動物被用來作為動物使用工具的例子，下列哪項不包含在內(nèi)”。文章第二段提到動物使用工具捕食，比如黑猩猩，還有動物用工具來準(zhǔn)備食物，比如象牙海岸的黑猩猩用石頭來砸堅果；最后一段提到寄居蟹使用工具來趕跑敵人。由此可知只有選項D沒有提及，符合題意。

18.單選題

Itisnotuncommonforclosesynonymstobeunderstoodtosharethesamemeaning.Thedifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and“difficult”,forexample,goestragicallyunnoticed.Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.Ingeneralthisiswellandgood;mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles.Nevertheless,forthoseofuswithamplecompulsiveness（andtime）,itisofsignificantvaluetocomprehendsuchnuances.

Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1）Thetestwashard.2）Thetestwasdifficult.Isthedifferencebetweenthesesynonymsreadilyapparent?Isthereanoticeabledifferencebetweenthematall?Indeed,thesequestionsarevalidandwarrantanswer.For,whatwouldbethepointtohavingmultiplewordswiththeexactsamemeaning?No,thatwouldbesuperfluous;theEnglishlanguagebeingfartooeconomical.Whilemanyclosesynonymssharesimilar,ifnotthesame,dictionarydefinitions,thefeeling,ormood,theyconveyisutterlysingular.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatehowitfeelstouseaword.

So,ifthereisindeedatdifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and“difficult”,whatisit?Tobegin,“hard”ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,“difficult”iseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.Why,themeredifferenceinsonicqualitybetweenthemisstrikingenough.“Hard”makesaquick,unassumingsound,havingbutasinglesyllable（voicedundercertaininflections,itcanevencomeacrossasharsh）,while“difficult”ismorelengthyandmelodic,itsnumberofsyllablestotalingthreetimesthatofitscounterpart.Furthermore,“hard”ismorelikelytobeusedincasual,informalcircumstances,ortocommunicateanidea“onthego”orsimplyto“getitout”asthesayingsgo.Itisusedwithoutpretense,anddoesnotmaintainafeelingofbeingoverlyconcerned.Intermsofdailyusage,“hard”maybeemployedbyanexhaustedbrickmasonwhenposedwiththequestion,“Howwasyourday?”Conversely,“difficult”maybeusedbyamilitarygeneraluponexplainingtohisorhersuperiortheprogressionofaparticularlytaxingcampaign.

Similarto“hard”and“difficult”,thewords“weird”and“strange”tooareclosesynonyms,andmayseeminglybeusedinterchangeably.Takeforinstancethefollowingsentences:1）Seamonkeysareweird.2）Seamonkeysarestrange.Contrarytopopularbelief,thesesentencesarenottautologous.Sohowdotheydiffer?Theirdictionarydefinitionsarenearlyidentical,sothedifferencedoesnotliethere.Rather,thedifferenceinvolvesthefeeling,ormood,thatthesewordsconvey.Noticethatwhile“weird”and“strange”bothhavebutonesyllable,thelatterhasaremarkablydistinguishedfeel.Similarto“hard”,“weird”conveysamorebasic,amorecrude,sentiment.Something“weird”iscrassorgross,andistypicallyundesirable.Noonewantstobeassociatedwithsomething“weird”.Iftryingtoimpresssomeone,oneprobablydoesn’twanttobecategorizedamongthe“weird”.Ontheotherhand,ifsomethingislabeledas“strange”,itisnotnecessarilybad.Rather,something“strange”issimp