考研考博-英語-寧波大學(xué)科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寧波大學(xué)科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Theultimategoalofthesuicidebomberistoforceareactiononthepartofthesoldierstargetedbytheattack,tomakethemseethecivilianpopulationaroundthemasapotentialenemy,andrespondaccordingly.Wheneveryciviliancarryawideattack,thenevensoldierswhoarenotnormallytrigger-happymaybegoadedbyfearintoharminginnocentpeople.Itisimportanttorealizethatstoppingthesuicideattackerbeforehe(orshe)commitshisattackisnexttoimpossible;hewillcertainlytrytodetonatehisexplosivesassoonasasoldierapproaches.

TheIsraeliarmyhasbeenforcedtodealwithsuicideattackersoverthepast20yearsinsouthernLebanon,aswellasmorerecentlyintheWestBankandGazastrip.TheIsraeliexperiencehasshownthattheonlyhopeofcounteringthisphenomenonliesinthwartingtheattackbeforetheattackersetsoutonhismission.

Thesuicidebomberisnotalone“crazy”actingoutofrage.Rather,heisthetipofanoperationalicebergconsistingofrecruiters,intelligencegatherers,bombmakers,andtrainers.

Alloftheseelementsarevulnerabletocounter-terroristoperations,providedthatonehasaccurateintelligenceandthemilitarycapabilitytoactdecisivelyagainstthem.

InIsraelsuchcounter-terroristoperationsoftentaketheformof“targetedkilling”operationsagainstthoseresponsibleforsendingthesuicidebomberonhismission.

However,iftheintelligenceneededtodothisislacking,itfallstodefensivemeasurestostoptheattack,oratleasttominimizethedamage.Roadblocks,check-points,andsurpriseinspectionscanhelpinlocatingthesuicideattackerandpreventinghimfromreachinghistarget.Precautionsmustbetakennottocreateeasytargetsforsuicideattacks,byavoidingtheconcentrationofsoldiersinoneplaceorhousingcommandcentersinmulti-storybuildings.

Indealingswiththecivilianpopulation,thepossibilityofboobytrapsmustbetakenintoaccount.Thussomeonewishingtosurrendershouldbecheckedfromadistancetoseethatheisnotcarryingexplosives.Vehiclesshouldbepreventedfromdirectlyenteringamilitarybaseorcheckpoint.Allservicesprovidedbymembersoftheindigenouspopulationshouldbesubjecttostringentsecuritychecks.

Themilitaryshouldalsobeawareofthepossibilityofmultiplesuicideattacks,whereexplosivesaredetonatedinsequenceinordertotargetfirstrespondersortoovercomeconsecutiveobstaclesinthewayofpenetrationofaprotectedspace.

Thepossibilityofsuicideoperationsonthemodernbattlefieldcomplicatesthemilitarycampaign,andrequiresawholedifferentmindsetfromthatneededforconventionalwarfare.Soldiersmustbemadeawareoftherisksandbereadytochangetheircollectivebehaviorinaccordancewiththechangingcircumstances,withoutplayingintotheenemy’shandsbytargetingthecivilianpopulation.

1.Thesuicidebombercommitssuicideto（）.

2.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat（）.

3.Inpreventingtheoccurrenceofsuicideattacks,counter-terroristoperationrequires（）.

4.Whoisoftenthefirsttargetedkillingforthecounter-terroristoperations?

5.Themilitarymaywalkstraightintothebombers’trapifthey（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.killhimself/herselfonly

B.revengeonthesoldiers

C.makethesoldiersseethecivilianpopulationaroundthemasapotentialenemy,andrespondaccordingly

D.killsomeinnocentpeopleoutofrage

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thesuicidebombersarewellorganized

B.thesuicidebombersoftenactaloneandnobodyhelpthem

C.mostofthesuicidebomberscommittheirattacksoutofcrazymotivation

D.mostofthesuicidebombersaretrainedinsouthernLebanon

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.onewithaccurateintelligence

B.onewiththemilitarycapabilitytoactdecisively

C.onewhohastakeneveryprecautionnottocreateeasytargetsforsuicideattacks

D.alloftheabove

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thesuicidebomber.

B.Thesuicidebomber’sleaders.

C.Thesurrender.

D.Thebombmaker.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.greettheonewhowishestosurrenderwithcarefulchecks

B.arealertallthetime

C.allowvehiclestoenterdirectlyintoamilitarybaseorcheckpoint

D.putallservicesprovidedbymembersoftheindigenouspopulationunderstringentsecuritychecks

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段“Theultimategoalofthesuicidebomberistoforceareactiononthepartofthesoldierstargetedbytheattack,tomakethemseethecivilianpopulationaroundthemasapotentialenemy,andrespondaccordingly”可知，自殺式炸彈襲擊者的最終目標(biāo)是迫使被襲擊的士兵做出反應(yīng)，讓他們把周圍的平民視為潛在的敵人，并做出相應(yīng)的反應(yīng)。A項(xiàng)表示“只是自殺”；B項(xiàng)表示“報(bào)復(fù)士兵”；D項(xiàng)表示“出于泄憤而殺害一些無辜的人”，都與原文不符。因此，只有C項(xiàng)“讓士兵把周圍的平民視為潛在的敵人并相應(yīng)地做出反應(yīng)”符合原文表述，故本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第三段“Thesuicidebomberisnotalone“crazy”actingoutofrage.Rather,heisthetipofanoperationalicebergconsistingofrecruiters,intelligencegatherers,bombmakers,andtrainers.”可知，自殺式炸彈襲擊不是出于憤怒而單獨(dú)行動(dòng)的“瘋狂”行為。相反，他只是由招聘者、情報(bào)收集員、炸彈制造者和訓(xùn)練人員構(gòu)成的操作團(tuán)體的冰山一角。由此可推測(cè)，自殺式炸彈襲擊者組織有序，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)表示“自殺炸彈襲擊者經(jīng)常單獨(dú)行動(dòng)且沒人幫他們”；C項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)自殺炸彈襲擊者出于瘋狂的動(dòng)機(jī)而進(jìn)行襲擊”；D項(xiàng)表示“大多數(shù)自殺式炸彈襲擊者在黎巴嫩南部參加訓(xùn)練”。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第四段“Alloftheseelementsarevulnerabletocounter-terroristoperations,providedthatonehasaccurateintelligenceandthemilitarycapabilitytoactdecisivelyagainstthem”可知，假如國(guó)家有準(zhǔn)確的情報(bào)和軍事能力對(duì)與自殺式炸彈襲擊相關(guān)的人員采取果斷的行動(dòng)，那么這些相關(guān)人員就易受反恐行動(dòng)的攻擊。故A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)國(guó)家有準(zhǔn)確的情報(bào)”和B項(xiàng)“一個(gè)國(guó)家有果斷行動(dòng)的軍事能力”均正確。根據(jù)原文第六段“Precautionsmustbetakennottocreateeasytargetsforsuicideattacks”可知，一定要采取防范措施，以便不為自殺襲擊創(chuàng)造容易的目標(biāo)，故C項(xiàng)“一個(gè)國(guó)家已采取所有可能的防范措施，以便不為自殺襲擊創(chuàng)造容易的目標(biāo)”表述正確，因此，本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)“以上選項(xiàng)均正確”。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第五段“InIsraelsuchcounter-terroristoperationsoftentaketheformof“targetedkilling”operationsagainstthoseresponsibleforsendingthesuicidebomberonhismission”可知，在以色列，此類反恐行動(dòng)通常采取“定點(diǎn)清除”形式，打擊那些將自殺式炸彈襲擊者送上戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)的人，故B項(xiàng)“自殺炸彈襲擊者的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“自殺炸彈襲擊者”；C項(xiàng)“投降者”：D項(xiàng)“炸彈制造者”。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第三段“Indealingswiththecivilianpopulation,thepossibilityofboobytrapsmustbetakenintoaccount.…Vehiclesshouldbepreventedfromdirectlyenteringamilitarybaseorcheckpoint.”可知，在應(yīng)對(duì)平民時(shí)，一定要考慮陷阱。應(yīng)該阻止車輛直接進(jìn)入軍事基地或檢查站，故C項(xiàng)表述符合題干要求。A項(xiàng)“迎接在仔細(xì)檢查下想要投降的人”；B項(xiàng)“一直是警惕的”；D項(xiàng)“對(duì)本地居民提供的所有服務(wù)進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的安全檢查”。

2.單選題

Manandwomendothinkdifferently,atleastwheretheanatomyofthebrainisconcerned,accordingtoanewstudy.Thebrainismadeprimarilyoftwodifferenttypesoftissue,calledgraymatterandwhitematter.Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.

PsychologyprofessorRichardHaieroftheUniversityofCalifornia,IrvineledtheresearchalongwithcolleaguesfromtheUniversityofNewMexico.Theirfindingsshowthatingeneral,menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen,whereaswomenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen.“Thesefindingssuggestedthathumanevolutionhascreatedtwodifferenttypesofbrainsdesignedforequallyintelligentbehavior,”saidHaier,addingthat,“bypinpointingthesegender-basedintelligenceareas,thestudyhasthepotentialtoaidresearchondementiaandothercognitive-impairmentdiseasesinthebrain.”

TheresultsaredetailedintheonlineversionofthejournalNeuroImage.Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.Theresultsfromthisstudymayhelpexplainwhymenandwomenexcelatdifferenttypesoftasks,saidco-authorandneuropsychologistRexJungoftheUniversityofNewMexico.Forexample,mentendtodobetterwithtasksrequiringmorelocalizedprocessing,suchasmathematics,Jungsaid,whilewomenarebetteratintegratingandassimilatinginformationfromdistributedgray-matterregionsofthebrain,whichaidslanguageskills.Scientistsfinditveryinterestingthatwhilemenandwomenusetwoverydifferentactivitycentersandneurologicalpathways,menandwomenperformequallywellonbroadmeasuresofcognitiveability,suchasintelligencetests.

Thisresearchalsogivesinsighttowhydifferenttypesofheadinjuriesaremoredisastroustoonesexortheother.Forexample,inwomen84percentofgraymatterregionsand86percentofwhitematterregionsinvolvedinintellectualperformancewerelocatedinthefrontallobes,whereasthepercentagesoftheseregionsinaman’sfrontallobesare45percentandzerorespectively.Thismatchesupwellwithclinicaldatathatshowsfrontallobedamageinwomentobemuchmoredestructivethanthesametypeofdamageinmen.BothHaierandJunghopethatthisresearchwillsomedayhelpdoctorsdiagnosebraindisordersinmenandwomenearlier,aswellasprovidehelpdesigningmoreeffectiveandprecisetreatmentsforbraindamage.

21.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtoparagraph1?

22.Accordingtoparagraph2,thisdiscoveryissignificantbecause________.

23.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutgraybrainmatter?

24.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalseaboutwhitebrainmatter?

25.Thefinalparagraphsuggeststhat________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thebrainisamonolithicorgan.

B.Intellectualabilitydependsonwhichpartofthebrainisused.

C.Intellectualabilityvariesbetweenmenandwomen.

D.Theanatomyofmen’sbrainsandwomen’sbrainsdiffer.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisnecessarytounderstandtheanatomyofthebrainwhendealingwithdiseasesthataffectthoughtprocesses

B.itshowsthatmenandwomenareequallyintelligent

C.itshowsthatmenandwomenareequallyintelligentoverall,butspecializeindifferentwaysofthinking

D.manydiseasesofthebrainarespecifictogenderortheother

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ithelpsputtogetherinformationfromdifferentpartsofthebrain.

B.Itisusedforprocessinginformation.

C.Thereislessofitinmen’sbrains.

D.Thereisadirectcorrelationbetweentheamountofgraybrainmatterandmathematicalability.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Womenhavemoreofitthanmen.

B.Itisusedforputtingtogetherinformationfromdifferentpartsofthebrain.

C.Thereisdirectcorrelationbetweentheamountofwhitebrainmatterandlinguisticability.

D.Theamountofwhitebrainmatterisnotdirectlyrelatedtooverallintelligence.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.menandwomenareequallyintelligent

B.menandwomenhavedifferentfrontallobes

C.headinjuriescanhavevariedeffects,accordingtowhetherapersonismaleorfemale

D.theresearchwillbeusefultootherscientists

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】21.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Manandwomendothinkdifferently,atleastwheretheanatomyofthebrainisconcerned,accordingtoanewstudy.（根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新的研究，男人和女人的想法確實(shí)不同，至少在大腦解剖方面是這樣。），可知男女在大腦結(jié)構(gòu)上不同，所以D選項(xiàng)“男性大腦和女性大腦的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)不同”正確。A選項(xiàng)“大腦是一個(gè)整體器官”：文章沒有單獨(dú)提出來，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“智力能力取決于大腦的哪一部分被使用了”，C選項(xiàng)“男人和女人的智力不同”：根據(jù)第一段第三、四句Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.（這項(xiàng)新研究表明，男性用灰質(zhì)思考更多，而女性用白質(zhì)思考更多。研究人員強(qiáng)調(diào)，僅僅因?yàn)槟信季S方式不同，并不會(huì)影響智力表現(xiàn)。），可知男女的智力沒有不同，也不會(huì)因?yàn)槭褂么竽X方式的不同而產(chǎn)生智力差距，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

22.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Thesefindingssuggestedthat…bypinpointingthesegender-basedintelligenceareas,thestudyhasthepotentialtoaidresearchondementiaandothercognitive-impairmentdiseasesinthebrain.（這些發(fā)現(xiàn)表明……通過精確定位這些基于性別的智能區(qū)域，這項(xiàng)研究有可能幫助研究癡呆和其他大腦認(rèn)知障礙疾病。），可知這個(gè)對(duì)大腦結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義是可以用來幫助治療大腦認(rèn)知障礙的疾病，所以A選項(xiàng)“在處理影響思維過程的疾病時(shí)，有必要了解大腦的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“它表明男人和女人是同樣聰明的”和C選項(xiàng)“它表明男人和女人在整體上同樣聰明，但思考方式不同”：根據(jù)第二段第二句Theirfindingsshowthatingeneral,menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen,whereaswomenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen.（他們的研究結(jié)果顯示，總體而言，男性與智力有關(guān)的灰質(zhì)是女性的近6.5倍，而女性與智力有關(guān)的白質(zhì)是男性的近10倍。），這表明男女思考方式不同，但并不能表明男女智力一樣，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“許多大腦疾病跟特定性別或其他因素有關(guān)”：文章沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.（在人腦中，灰質(zhì)代表著信息處理中心，而白質(zhì)則負(fù)責(zé)將這些處理中心連接起來。），可知灰質(zhì)用來處理信息，所以B選項(xiàng)“用來處理信息”正確，A選項(xiàng)“有助于將來自大腦不同部位的信息整合在一起”是白質(zhì)的功能，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“男人的大腦中沒有那么多”：根據(jù)第二段第二句menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen（男性與智力有關(guān)的灰質(zhì)是女性的近6.5倍），可知男性的灰質(zhì)更多，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“大腦灰質(zhì)的數(shù)量和數(shù)學(xué)能力之間有直接的關(guān)系”：根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Forexample,mentendtodobetterwithtasksrequiringmorelocalizedprocessing,suchasmathematics（例如，男性在需要更多本地化處理的任務(wù)上表現(xiàn)得更好，比如數(shù)學(xué)），用灰質(zhì)思考更多的男性在數(shù)學(xué)方面表現(xiàn)更好，不代表灰質(zhì)數(shù)量和數(shù)學(xué)的直接關(guān)系，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句womenarebetteratintegratingandassimilatinginformationfromdistributedgray-matterregionsofthebrain,whichaidslanguageskills（女性在整合和吸收來自大腦分布灰質(zhì)區(qū)域的信息方面表現(xiàn)得更好，這有助于語言技能），這里沒有表明白質(zhì)和語言能力的直接關(guān)系，所以C選項(xiàng)“腦白質(zhì)的數(shù)量和語言能力之間有直接的關(guān)系”不符合文章意思，正確。A選項(xiàng)“女性比男性擁有更多”：根據(jù)第二段第二句womenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen（女性與智力有關(guān)的白質(zhì)是男性的近10倍），可知符合文章意思，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“是用來把來自大腦不同部位的信息放在一起”：根據(jù)第三段第二句Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.（在人腦中，灰質(zhì)代表著信息處理中心，而白質(zhì)則負(fù)責(zé)將這些處理中心連接起來。），可知符合文章意思，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“腦白質(zhì)的數(shù)量與整體智力沒有直接關(guān)系”：根據(jù)第一段第三、四句Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.（這項(xiàng)新研究表明，男性用灰質(zhì)思考更多，而女性用白質(zhì)思考更多。研究人員強(qiáng)調(diào)，僅僅因?yàn)槟信季S方式不同，并不會(huì)影響智力表現(xiàn)。），可知腦白質(zhì)數(shù)量和智力沒有直接關(guān)系，符合文章意思，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

25.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Thisresearchalsogivesinsighttowhydifferenttypesofheadinjuriesaremoredisastroustoonesexortheother.（這項(xiàng)研究還揭示了為什么不同類型的頭部損傷對(duì)男性或女性更具災(zāi)難性。），可知頭部受傷對(duì)男女的影響可能不同，所以C選項(xiàng)“根據(jù)性別不同，頭部受傷可能有不同的影響”正確。B選項(xiàng)“男人和女人有不同的額葉”：根據(jù)第四段第二句Forexample,inwomen84percentofgraymatterregionsand86percentofwhitematterregionsinvolvedinintellectualperformancewerelocatedinthefrontallobes,whereasthepercentagesoftheseregionsinaman’sfrontallobesare45percentandzerorespectively.（例如，女性額葉中84%的灰質(zhì)區(qū)域和86%的白質(zhì)區(qū)域與智力活動(dòng)有關(guān)，而男性的額葉中這兩個(gè)區(qū)域的比例分別為45%和零。），這里說的是男女額葉在灰質(zhì)與白質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)上的不同，而不是說男女額葉本身的不同，故錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“男性和女性一樣聰明”和D選項(xiàng)“這項(xiàng)研究將對(duì)其他科學(xué)家有用”：最后一段沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Theword“foolish”istoomildtodescribeyourbehavior,Iwouldprefertheword“（

）".

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ideological

B.idyllic

C.idiotic

D.idiomatic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。ideological“思想的；意識(shí)形態(tài)的”；idyllic“安恬的；田園詩般的”；idiotic“白癡的；愚蠢的”；idiomatic“慣用的；符合語言習(xí)慣的”。句意：“愚蠢”這個(gè)詞用來描述你的行為太溫和了，我更喜歡用“白癡的”這個(gè)單詞。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

Aterribletrafficaccidenthappened;peopleweresaddenedwhentheywatchedthe___sightonTV.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.panic

B.patriotic

C.pathetic

D.periodic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)panic“恐慌的；沒有理由的”；B選項(xiàng)patriotic“愛國(guó)的”；C選項(xiàng)pathetic“可憐的，悲哀的；感傷的；乏味的”；D選項(xiàng)periodic“周期的；定期的”。句意：一場(chǎng)可怕的交通事故發(fā)生了；人們?cè)陔娨暽峡吹侥莀__情景時(shí)感到很悲傷。本句表達(dá)“看到可憐的場(chǎng)景感到悲傷”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoataneverearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopersandadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overthelastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolution,theshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavocon（擾亂）Europeans’privatelives.

Europe'sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope'sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today'stech-savvy（精通技術(shù)的）workershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModernEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage-twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.

Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative-darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles.Theywereyoung,beautiful,strong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.

Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn'tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn’tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork.“Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult.”O(jiān)nlyanIdealWomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufmann,authorofarecentbookcalled“TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming,”thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates,sorelationshipsdon'tlastlong—iftheystartatall.Eppendorf,ablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe'dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,"I'vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife."

1.MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause（

）.

2.WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,thenewestgroupofsinglesare

（

）.

4.TheauthorquotesEppendorftoshowthat

（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualism

B.theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierage

C.theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstability

D.theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies.

B.ItisgettingclosertoAmerican-stylecapitalism.

C.Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket.

D.Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.warmandlighthearted

B.oneithersideofmarriage

C.negativeandgloomy

D.healthyandwealthy

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.somemodernwomenpreferalifeofindividualfreedom

B.thefamilyisnolongerthebasicunitofsocietyinpresent-dayEurope

C.someprofessionalpeoplehavetoomuchworktodotofeellonely

D.mostEuropeansconceivelivingasinglelifeasunacceptable

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Toreviewtheimpactofwomenbecominghighearners.

B.Tocontemplatethephilosophyunderlyingindividualism.

C.Toexaminethetrendofyoungpeoplelivingalone.

D.Tostresstherebuildingofpersonalrelationships.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題需要找越來越多年輕歐洲人單身的原因。第一段第三句說到“Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overthelastcentury.一位法國(guó)社會(huì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為，從家庭生活到獨(dú)居生活的轉(zhuǎn)變是上個(gè)世紀(jì)“不可抗拒的個(gè)人主義勢(shì)頭”的一部分?！盇選項(xiàng)“他們被強(qiáng)烈的個(gè)人主義所驅(qū)使”符合文意。

2.判斷推理題。A選項(xiàng)“它助長(zhǎng)了小家庭的趨勢(shì)”文章未提及，可排除；C選項(xiàng)“盡管市場(chǎng)自由，但消費(fèi)者的選擇有限”與文意相反，人們現(xiàn)在選擇越來越獨(dú)立自主，并不受限制；D選項(xiàng)“它正受到不可抗拒的私有化的威脅”文中未提及。B選項(xiàng)“它越來越接近美國(guó)式的資本主義”，對(duì)應(yīng)文章第二段第二句“Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope'sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism.當(dāng)前這一代的獨(dú)居者是在歐洲從社會(huì)民主主義向更尖銳、更個(gè)人主義的美國(guó)式資本主義氣候轉(zhuǎn)變的過程中成長(zhǎng)起來的”，Thecurrentgenerationofhome-aloners現(xiàn)在這一代的獨(dú)居者正代表了歐洲社會(huì)的趨勢(shì)，因此B選項(xiàng)符合文意。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“thenewestgroupofsingles最新的單身群體”定位到第三段第二句“Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.盡管領(lǐng)養(yǎng)老金的人，尤其是老年女性，在獨(dú)居人群中占了很大比例，但最新一批單身人士都是三四十歲的高收入者，他們?cè)絹碓桨血?dú)居視為一種生活方式的選擇?！鼻以诘谒亩窝a(bǔ)充說到“Theywereyoung,beautiful,strong!他們年輕，美麗，強(qiáng)壯！”說明最新的單身群體是D選項(xiàng)“身心健康者與高收入者”

4.作者意圖題。由關(guān)鍵詞Eppendorf定位到文章最后一段中“Eppendorf,ablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe'dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,‘I'vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.’埃彭多夫是一名金發(fā)碧眼的柏林人，皮膚被曬得黝黑，她上午在小學(xué)教書。下午她曬日光浴或睡覺，休息后去跳舞。年僅50歲的她說，她從來沒有想過要做她母親曾經(jīng)做過的事——放棄職業(yè)來養(yǎng)家糊口。相反，‘我一直在做自己想做的事：過一種自主的生活?！边@是為了說明像Eppendorf一樣的現(xiàn)代女性正過著自己喜歡的自由自主的生活。因此A選項(xiàng)“一些現(xiàn)代女性更喜歡個(gè)人自由的生活”符合文意。

5.作者意圖題。本文主要講述的是歐洲年輕人傾向于獨(dú)身主義這一現(xiàn)象，且花了大篇幅探索其原因。C選項(xiàng)“調(diào)查年輕人獨(dú)居的趨勢(shì)”符合作者意圖。A選項(xiàng)“回顧女性成為高收入者的影響”文章未提及；B選項(xiàng)“思考個(gè)人主義背后的哲學(xué)”與第一段第二句“thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplation這不是悲觀的哲學(xué)思考”相悖；D選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)重建人際關(guān)系”文中未提及。

6.單選題

Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther.Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.

Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof"fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M.andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable—meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat~andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.

Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.

Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.“Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnondurableandwasteful,”Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear~about64itemsperperson~andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.

TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes―andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan’tbeknockedoff.

Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment—includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline—Clinebelieves

lastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordto.

1.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher（

）.

2.AccordingtoCline,mass-marketlabelsurgeconsumersto

（

）.

3.Theword“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

5.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.poorbargainingskill

B.insensitivitytofashion

C.obsessionwithhighfashion

D.lackofimagination

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.combatunnecessarywaste

B.shutoutthefeverishfashionworld

C.resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements

D.shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.accusation

B.enthusiasm

C.indifference

D.tolerance

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.

B.Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.

C.Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.

D.Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-frie