考研考博-英語-吉林電子信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林電子信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Nowthose“effortless”goodlooksseemalittlemorerisky.Allegedly,thesiliconeimplantscanleakandinterferewiththebody’simmunesystem.Therehavebeenover2,000complaints,particularlyaboutimplantswhichpredate1985-althoughcosmeticsurgeonsblamezealouslawyersformanufacturingconcerns.TheFoodandDrugAdministrationannouncedaninquirylastyear,butinitiallysaiditwouldnotaskfortheoperationstostopit,reportedlybecauseofevidencecomingoutincourtcases.InDecember,forexample,awomanwhosufferedfromarupturedimplantwasawarded$7.34mfromthebiggestmakerofimplants,DowComing.

TheannouncementhascausedmorepanicamongAmericanwomenthananymedicaldecisionsinceacontraceptivedevice,theDaikonSheild,wasremovedfromthemarketin1974,some2millionwomenhavehadimplants,80%ofthemforcosmeticreasons:theresthad“re-constructive”medicalsurgeryfollowingcancertreatment.ThewaitinglistforimplantsbyoneCaliforniandoctorusedtobesixmonths;itisnowlessthanonemonth,Sharesinimplantmakershaveslumped.

Suchsecondthoughtsareoverdue.Forallitsglitteringadvocates,cosmeticsurgeryistheonlytypeofmedicinewhereaperfectlyhealthypatientiscutup.(This,ofcourse,omitsre-constructiveoperationstorepairbumsorreplacemissingbreasts.)Eightoutoftencosmeticoperationsareperformedoutsideproperhospital—someinoperationroomsthatlookmorelikeoffices.Warningsofside-effectrarelyappearinadvertisements;nordotherecordsoftheeagersurgeons.Sinceitis“elective”surgery,notcoveredbyinsurance,fewofthenormalrulesapply.

Insidetheindustry,rumorsofmalpracticearerife.Oneseniorplasticsurgeonsaysthathehasalistofpeerswho“hewouldn’tlettouchmydog’sbody.”

1.Accordingtotheparagraph,cosmeticsurgeonsthinkthat（）.

2.ItisreportedthattheFoodandDrugAdministrationinquiredintotheeffectsofsiliconeimplant,because（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothesecondparagraph?

4.Thedifferencebetweenthecosmeticsurgeryandothersurgeryisthat（）.

5.Thelastsentenceofthepassage,“peers”refersto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thesiliconeimplantcomplaintswerestartedparticularlybefore1985

B.thesiliconeimplantaredangerous

C.thesiliconeimplantarelinkedwithbody’simmunesystem

D.thesiliconeimplantcomplaintsareduetothoseprofit-happylawyers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.therewasacaseinDecemberaboutawomanwhosufferedfromtheimplant

B.therehadbeenalotofcasesincourtaboutsiliconeimplant

C.DowCominghasproducedsomepoor-qualitysiliconeimplant

D.itdidnotwanttoaskfortheoperationstostopit

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Americanwomenhadoncebeeninpanicbecauseoftheremovalofacontraceptivedevicefromthemarket.

B.DaikonSheildisabrandname.

C.About1.6millionwomenhavehadimplantsbecausetheywantedtobemorebeautiful

D.ACaliforniandoctorbegantoearnlessmoney.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theformeristooperateonthehealthybody,whilethelatteristooperateonthesickbody

B.theformeristodoharmtoaperson,whilethelatteristocureaperson

C.theformeriswithglitteringadvocates,whilethelatteristorepairbums

D.theformeristobeperformedoutsideproperhospitals,whilethelatteristobeperformedinsideproperhospitals

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.industryowners

B.plasticsurgeons

C.humorists

D.officers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Therehavebeenover2,000complaints,particularlyaboutimplantswhichpredate1985-althoughcosmeticsurgeonsblamezealouslawyersformanufacturingconcerns.”，可知已經(jīng)有超過2000起投訴，特別是關(guān)于1985年以前植入物的投訴——盡管整形外科醫(yī)生將制造問題歸咎于律師們?？膳袛喑稣萃饪漆t(yī)生認(rèn)為硅膠植入物的投訴是由于那些喜歡賺錢的律師。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“…becauseofevidencecomingoutincourtcases.InDecember,forexample,awomanwhosufferedfromarupturedimplant….”，可知美國(guó)食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局對(duì)硅膠植入物進(jìn)行調(diào)查的原因是法庭上出現(xiàn)了很多這樣的案例，下文提出一個(gè)婦女獲賠的案例只是其中一個(gè)?？膳袛喑雒绹?guó)食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局對(duì)硅膠植入物的效果進(jìn)行了調(diào)查的原因在于法庭上有很多關(guān)于硅膠植入的案例。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“TheannouncementhascausedmorepanicamongAmericanwomenthananymedicaldecisionsinceacontraceptivedevice,theDaikonSheild,wasremovedfromthemarketin1974”，可知自從1974年一種名為DaikonSheild的避孕設(shè)備被撤市以來，這一消息在美國(guó)女性中引起的恐慌超過了任何醫(yī)療因素?？膳袛喑雒绹?guó)女性曾經(jīng)因?yàn)楸茉性O(shè)備從市場(chǎng)上撤下而恐慌，這一表達(dá)復(fù)符合文意，選項(xiàng)A可排除。也可判斷出DaikonSheild是一個(gè)品牌名稱，選項(xiàng)B可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段，“…some2millionwomenhavehadimplants,80%ofthemforcosmeticreasons…”，可知大約有200萬女性做手術(shù)，因?yàn)樗齻兿胱兊酶利悾x項(xiàng)C可排除。根據(jù)排除法，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“cosmeticsurgeryistheonlytypeofmedicinewhereaperfectlyhealthypatientiscutup.”，可知整容手術(shù)是唯一一種把完全健康的病人割傷的醫(yī)術(shù)，這也是整容術(shù)和其他手術(shù)的區(qū)別。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句，“Oneseniorplasticsurgeonsaysthathehasalistofpeers…”，可知一位資深整形外科醫(yī)生說，他有一份同伴名單……，可知資深整形外科醫(yī)生的同伴指整形外科醫(yī)生，peer意思為同伴，同等的人。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

Antarcticahasactuallybecomeakindofspacestation---auniqueobservationpostfordetectingimportantchangesintheworld'senvironment.Remotefrommajorsourcesofpollutionandthecomplexgeologicalandecologicalsystemsthatprevailelsewhere,Antarcticamakespossiblescientificmeasurementsthatareoftensharperandeasiertointerpretthanthosemadeinotherpartsoftheworld.

GrowingnumbersofscientiststhereforeseeAntarcticaasauniqueobservationdistant-early-warningsensor,wherepotentiallydangerousglobaltrendsmaybespottedbeforetheyshowuptothenorth.Onepromisingfieldofinvestigationisglaciology.ScholarsfromtheUnitedStates,Switzerland,andFrancearepursuingsevenseparatebutrelatedprojectsthatreflecttheirconcernforthehealthoftheWestAntarcticIceSheet,aconcerntheybelievetheworldatlargeshouldshare.

TheTransantarcticMountain,someofthemmorethan14,000feethigh,dividethecontinentintotwoverydifferentregions.Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east”ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick."West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.

Whileiceandsnowareobviouslycentraltomanyenvironmentalexperiments,othersfocusonthemysterious"dryvalley"ofAntarctica,valleysthatcontainlittleiceorsnoweveninthedepthsofwinter.SlashedthroughthemountainsofsouthernVictoriaLand,thesevalleysonceheldenormousglaciersthatdescended9,000feetfromthepolarplateautotheRossSea.Nowtheglaciersaregone,perhapsacasualtyoftheglobalwarmingtrendduringthe10,000yearssincetheiceage.Eventhesnowthatfallsinthedryvalleysisblastedoutbyviciouswindsthatroardownfromthepolarplateautothesea.Leftbarearespectaculargorges,rippledfieldsofsanddunes,clustersofboulderssculpturedintofantasticshapesby100-mile-an-hourwinds,andanauraofextraterrestrialdesolation.

Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymaycarryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.Somescientistsbelievethatinsomecasesthedryvalleysmaysoakuppollutantsfasterthanpollutantsenterthem.

1.WhatisthepointtheauthormadeinParagraphOne?

2.HowareeastandwestofTransantarcticMountaindifferentfromeachother?

3.WhatwouldtheresultbeiftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared?

4.Whichofthefollowingaboutdryvalleysistrue?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.AntarcticaisaspacestationestablishedbyUSA.

B.Antarcticaimitatesworldenvironment.

C.Antarcticahasseriouspollutions.

D.Antarcticaisabetterplacetodocertainscientificresearch.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Eastsideiswarmerthanwestside.

B.Eastsideismorethan14000feethigh.

C.Iceineastsideisabovesealevel.

D.Iceinwestsideisabovesealevel.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbedisappeared.

B.Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereduced.

C.ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbecomescatteredIslands.

D.ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoaclusterofIslands.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavenothingleftinsideandbecomesdiscarded.

B.theymaybethehopeofenvironmentalproblemsinourplanet.

C.theyneverheldglaciersinitslonghistory.

D.Theyareuselesstoscientistsasnothingisleftbehind.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Antarctica:Earth'sEarly-Warningstation..

B.AntarcticaandenvironmentalProblems.

C.Antarctica:aUniqueObservationPost.

D.Antarctica:aMysteriousPlace.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘作者在第1段中提出了什么要點(diǎn)？’文章第一段大意是“南極洲實(shí)際上已經(jīng)成為一種太空站：一個(gè)獨(dú)特的觀測(cè)站，用來探測(cè)世界環(huán)境的變化。南極洲遠(yuǎn)離污染，又不同于其它任何地方，普遍存在著復(fù)雜的地質(zhì)和生態(tài)環(huán)境，所以，這里可以得到更敏銳又易解釋的科學(xué)測(cè)量結(jié)果?！彼宰髡咛岢龅囊c(diǎn)是D選項(xiàng)“南極洲是進(jìn)行某些科學(xué)研究的更好之地”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘跨南極山脈的東西有何不同？’根據(jù)文章第三段中第二句和第三句“Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east"ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick."West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.山脈“東部”的大陸部分是一個(gè)被近兩英里厚的冰原覆蓋的高原。在山脈的“西部”，美洲南部大陸的一半也被冰原覆蓋，但是那里的冰主要是在低于海平面的巖石上?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)“東部的冰高于海平面”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘如果南極西部冰盾消失，結(jié)果會(huì)是什么？’根據(jù)文章第三段中最后一句“IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.如果南極西部冰蓋消失，大陸西部將會(huì)變成一個(gè)稀疏的島嶼群?！贝_定D選項(xiàng)“大陸西部成為一群島嶼”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘關(guān)于干河谷，下列哪個(gè)是真的？’根據(jù)文章第五段第一句“Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymaycarryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.盡管這些干谷看上去不像地球，但一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，它們可能為地球上青翠的地方帶來了希望?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)“他們可能為地球上綠色地區(qū)帶來了希望的信息”正確。

5.主旨大意題。題目提問‘這篇文章最適合的標(biāo)題是？’文章談?wù)撃蠘O洲科研考察的重要性，以及介紹其相關(guān)的環(huán)境特色和問題，所以B選項(xiàng)“南極洲和環(huán)境問題”是最適合的標(biāo)題。

3.單選題

From1947to1950abstractexpressionscametofullmaturity,and（

）the1950sthisstyledominatedtheNewYorkCityartscene.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thereby

B.when

C.during

D.whereas

【答案】C

【解析】副詞辨析。thereby“從而，因此”；when“當(dāng)......的時(shí)候”；during“在......期間”；whereas“然而，鑒于”。句意：從1947年到1950年抽象表達(dá)完全成熟，在20世紀(jì)50年代期間，這種風(fēng)格在紐約市的藝術(shù)舞臺(tái)中占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

Mr.Goresaystheincreasing（）ofbushfiresinAustraliaisanexampleofhowquicklytheclimateischanging.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.viciousness

B.ferocity

C.maliciousness

D.malevolence

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)viciousness“邪惡，惡意”；B選項(xiàng)ferocity“兇猛，殘忍”；C選項(xiàng)maliciousness“惡意”；D選項(xiàng)malevolence“怨恨，狠毒”。句意：戈?duì)栒f，澳大利亞越發(fā)肆虐的叢林大火是氣候變化速度之快的例證之一。這里是指火勢(shì)很猛，所以選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

5.單選題

By1817theUnitedStatesConfesshad_______allinternaltaxesandwasrelyingontariffsonimportedgoodstoprovidesufficientrevenuestorunthegovernment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.allocated

B.distributed

C.eliminated

D.collected

【答案】C

【解析】allocated分配;distributed分發(fā);eliminated忽略,除去;collected收集。句意：到1817年,美國(guó)承認(rèn)取消了所有的國(guó)內(nèi)稅收,運(yùn)行政府依靠進(jìn)口商品的關(guān)稅來提供足夠的收入。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

6.單選題

Byadvocatingmoderatechange,theythinkthattheycankeepconsumercostslow.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reasonable

B.radical

C.immediate

D.minimum

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：通過提倡……改變，他們認(rèn)為可以保持消費(fèi)者的低成本狀態(tài)。reasonable“合理的，明智的”；radical“根本的，徹底的”；immediate“立即的”；minimum“最低的”。根據(jù)后面的“消費(fèi)者的低成本狀態(tài)”可知前面的改變是“適度的”，即劃線單詞的意思是“適度的；合理的”。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

（）thatnight.theuniongovernmentwouldhavebeenoverthrown.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ifhewereassassinated

B.Wereheassassinated

C.Hehadbeenassassinated

D.Hadhebeenassassinated

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。在if虛擬條件句中，如果是對(duì)過去情況的虛擬，則條件從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)，主句用would/could/should+have+動(dòng)詞過去分詞形式。如果虛擬條件句中有were，had或should，則可以將if省略，將這幾個(gè)詞提到主語之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。句意：如果他那天晚上被暗殺，那么聯(lián)邦政府可能就已經(jīng)被推翻了。故本題正確答案為D。

8.單選題

（

）quantitiesofwaterarebeingusednowadayswiththerapiddevelopmentofindustryandagriculture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Excessive

B.Extensive

C.Extreme

D.Exclusive

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如今，隨著工農(nóng)業(yè)快速發(fā)展水的消耗很大。

形容詞辨析。Excessive過多的，過分的;Extensive廣泛的，大量的;Extreme極端的;exclusive獨(dú)有的，排外的。因此B符合句意。

9.填空題

Weuselanguageprimarilyasameansofcommunicationwithotherhumanbeings.Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhich[1]weliveastoreofwordsandmeaningsaswellasagreeing[2]conventionsastothewayinwhichwordsshouldbearrangedto[3]conveyaparticularmessage:theEnglishspeakerhasinhisdisposal[4]avocabularyandasetofgrammaticalruleswhichenableshimto[5]communicatehisthoughtsandfeelings,inavarietyofstyle,tootherEnglishspeakers.Hisvocabulary,inparticular,boththatwhichheusesactivelyandthatwhichherecognizes,increasesin[6]sizeashegrowsold,asaresultofeducationandexperience.

But,whetherthelanguagestoreisrelativelysmallorlarge,thesystemremainsnomorethanapsychologicalrealityfortheindividual,[7]unlesshehasameansofexpressingitintermsabletobeseenbyanothermemberofhislinguisticcommunity;hehastogivethesystemaconcrete[8]transmissionform.Wetakeitforgrantedthetwomostcommonformsoftransmission—bymeansofsoundsproducedbyourvocalorgans[9](speech)orbyvisualsigns(writing).Andtheseare[10]amongmoststrikingofhumanachievements.

【答案】1.agreeing改為agreed

2.words改為these/thosewords

3.in改為at

4.enables改為enable

5.style改為styles

6.old改為older

7.seen改為understood

8.刪除it

9.And改為However

10.moststriking改為themoststriking

【解析】1.語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，agreeing作前置定語修飾conventions，agree和conventions之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以要用agree的過去分詞形式agreed“一致的，同意的”。Agreedconventions“一致的慣例”。

2.語法題。根據(jù)上文的astoreofwords，可知下文再次提及words，應(yīng)該添加指示代詞表特指。又因?yàn)閣ords為復(fù)數(shù)，所以選用指示代詞these或者those。

3.固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配atone’sdisposal“由……支配”，所以inhisdisposal介詞搭配錯(cuò)誤。

4.語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞為avocabularyandasetofgrammaticalrules，為復(fù)數(shù)，所以定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞不能用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

5.語法題。根據(jù)avarietyof“各種各樣的”，用來修飾名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。這里要用名詞style的復(fù)數(shù)形式。

6.語法題。根據(jù)句意，“特別是他的詞匯量，無論是經(jīng)常使用的還是他認(rèn)識(shí)的，隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，由于教育和使用經(jīng)驗(yàn)，詞匯量也會(huì)增加”?？芍@里的old應(yīng)該用比較級(jí)的形式。

7.上下文語義。根據(jù)句意“除非他能夠運(yùn)用一種能夠被語言社區(qū)中的其他成員所理解的表達(dá)方式”，所以這里要表達(dá)的意思是“理解”，而不是seen“被看到”。

8.固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配takesth.forgranted“認(rèn)為某事是理所當(dāng)然的”。根據(jù)下文提到的thetwomostcommonformsoftransmission“兩種最常見的交流方式”，可知文章要表達(dá)的意思是“認(rèn)為這兩種最常見的交流方式是理所當(dāng)然的”，所以這里的it為多余的代詞。

9.上下文邏輯關(guān)系。上文提到Wetakeforgrantedthetwomostcommonformsoftransmission，“我們認(rèn)為這兩種最常見的交流方式是理所當(dāng)然的”，下文提到theseareamongmoststrikingofhumanachievements,“這是人類最顯著的成就之一”?？芍昂髢删浯嬖谵D(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而不是并列關(guān)系。所以并列連詞誤用，應(yīng)改為轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。

10.語法題。文中moststriking應(yīng)該要表達(dá)的意思為“最顯著的”，為形容詞的最高級(jí)形式。形容詞的最高級(jí)前面應(yīng)該加上定冠詞the，為英語的習(xí)慣用法和表達(dá)。

10.翻譯題

美國(guó)人民非常欽佩中國(guó)幾千年來在人類文化、宗教、哲學(xué)、藝術(shù)、科學(xué)和技術(shù)等領(lǐng)域做出的貢獻(xiàn)。我們銘記著第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間兩國(guó)的牢固伙伴關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在我們看到中國(guó)處在這樣一個(gè)歷史時(shí)刻：你們目前氣勢(shì)磅礴的改革和更加美好的未來是可以和輝煌的往昔相提并論的。僅僅三十年前，中國(guó)基本上與世隔絕，現(xiàn)在中國(guó)參加了從航空領(lǐng)域到農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的一千多個(gè)國(guó)際組織，影響遍及國(guó)家的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。你們已經(jīng)較大地開放了貿(mào)易和投資領(lǐng)域。今天有四萬年輕的中國(guó)學(xué)生在美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)，另外還有幾十萬人在亞洲、非洲、歐洲和拉丁美洲學(xué)習(xí)。

你們?cè)诮?jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的改變過程中表現(xiàn)十分突出，你們從封閉的、指令性的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制過渡到蓬勃發(fā)展的、依靠市場(chǎng)力量的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制。近20年來，這種經(jīng)濟(jì)取得前所未有的增長(zhǎng)。人們有更多的自由在國(guó)內(nèi)外旅行；人們可以選舉自己的村長(zhǎng)；可以擁有自己的房子；可以選擇自己的職業(yè)和上更好的學(xué)校。這樣，你們使上億人民脫貧，人均收入在過去十年里翻了一番多，今天中國(guó)人民所過的生活是他們過去二十年來根本想象不到的。

當(dāng)然這些變化也打亂了一成不變的生活工作方式，也給環(huán)境造成極大的負(fù)擔(dān)。過去，每一個(gè)城市公民都保證在國(guó)有企業(yè)有份工作，現(xiàn)在必須競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。過去，工人只需要滿足中央計(jì)劃安排的要求?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)入全球經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代，這意味著你們必須和全世界的質(zhì)量和創(chuàng)造性相競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

在短期內(nèi)，那些有能力的勤勞的人，至少有一部分也將會(huì)失業(yè)。正如你們所看到的，過去的20年的發(fā)展模式和能源使用模式，使中國(guó)在環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)、保健方面付出了巨大的代價(jià)：空氣污染、樹木減少、酸雨、水資源短缺。面對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)，必須制定新的培訓(xùn)和社會(huì)保障制度體系。引進(jìn)新的環(huán)保政策和技術(shù)，一方面使經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，另一方面改善環(huán)境。

【答案】TheAmericanpeoplegreatlyadmireChina’scontributionsoverthousandsofyearsinthefieldsofhumanculture,religion,philosophy,art,scienceandtechnology.WerememberthestrongpartnershipbetweenourtwocountriesduringtheSecondWorldWar.NowweseeChinaatamomentinhistorywhenthemomentumofyourcurrentreformsandthepromiseofabrighterfuturecanbecomparedtothegloryofyourpast.Virtuallyisolatedjustthreedecadesago,Chinaisnowamemberofmorethanathousandinternationalorganizations,fromaviationtoagriculture,affectingeverysectorofthecountry.Youhaveopenedupyourtradeandinvestmentsectorsconsiderably.Today,40,000youngChinesestudentsstudyintheUnitedStates,andhundredsofthousandsmoreinAsia,Africa,EuropeandLatinAmerica.

Youhavedistinguishedyourselvesintheprocessofeconomicandsocialchange,fromaclosed,prescriptiveeconomytoonethatthrivesonmarketforces.Fornearlytwodecades,thiseconomyhasachievedunprecedentedgrowth.Peoplehavemorefreedomtotravelwithinandoutsidethecountry;Peoplecanelecttheirownvillageleaders;Youcanownyourownhome;Youcanchooseyourowncareerandgotobetterschools.Asaresult,youhaveliftedhundredsofmillionsofpeopleoutofpoverty,andpercapitaincomehasmorethandoubledinthelast10years.TheChinesepeopletodayarelivinglivestheycouldneverhaveimaginedinthelast20years.

Ofcourse,thesechangeshavedisruptedtheunchangingwayoflifeandworkandcausedagreatburdentotheenvironment.Inthepast,everycitycitizenwasguaranteedajobinastate-ownedenterprise;nowtheymustcompete.Inthepast,workersonlyhadtomeettherequirementsofcentralplanningarrangements.It’saglobaleconomy,andthatmeansyouhavetocompetewithqualityandcreativityallovertheworld.

Intheshortterm,atleastsomeofthosewhoareableandindustriouswillalsobeoutofwork.Asyoucansee,thepatternofdevelopmentandthepatternofenergyuseoverthelast20yearshastakenahugetollonChina’senvironment,economy,andhealth:airpollution,fewertrees,acidrain,watershortages.Facingthesechallenges,newsystemsoftrainingandsocialprotectionmustbedeveloped.Theintroductionofnewenvironmentalpoliciesandtechnologies,ontheonehand,willenableeconomicgrowth,andontheotherhand,improvetheenvironment.

11.單選題

ArecenthistoryoftheChicagomeat-packingindustryanditsworkersexamineshowtheindustrygrewfromitsappearanceinthe1830sthroughtheearly1890s.Meat-packers,theauthorargues,hadgoodwages,workingconditions,andprospectsforadvancementwithinthepacking-houses,anddidnotcooperatewithlaboragitatorssincelaborrelationsweresoharmonious.Becausethehistorymaintainsthatconditionswereabovestandardfortheera,thefrequencyoflabordisputes,especiallyinthemid-1880s,isnotaccountedfor.Theworkignoresthefactthatthe1880swerecrucialyearsinAmericanlaborhistory,andthatthepacking-houseworkers’effortswerepartofthenationalmovementforlaborreform.

Infact,otherhistoricalsourcesforthelate-nineteenthcenturyrecorddeterioratinghousingandhighdiseaseandinfantmortalityratesintheindustrialcommunity,duetolowwagesandunhealthyworkingconditions.AdditionaldatafromtheUniversityofChicagosuggestthatthepacking-housesweredangerousplacestowork.ThegovernmentinvestigationcommissionedbyPresidentTheodoreRooseveltwhicheventuallyledtotheadoptionofthe1906MeatInspectionActfoundthepacking-housesunsanitary,whilesocialworkersobservedthatmostoftheworkerswerepoorlypaidandoverworked.

Thehistorymaybetoooptimisticbecausemostofitsdatafromthe1880sandtheinformationprovidedfromthatdecadeareinsufficientlyanalyzed.Conditionsactuallydeclinedinthe1880sandcontinuedtodeclineafterthe1880s,duetoareorganizationofthepackingprocessandamassiveinfluxofunskilledworkers.Thedeteriorationinworkerstatus,partlyaresultofthenewavailabilityofunskilledandhencecheaplabor,isnotdiscussed.Thoughadetailedaccountofworkinthepacking-housesisattempted,theauthorfailstodistinguishbetweenthewagesandconditionsforskilledworkersandforthoseunskilledlaborerswhocomprisedthemajorityoftheindustry’sworkersfromthe1880son.Whileconditionsfortheformerwerearguablytolerableduetothestrategicimportanceofskilledworkersinthecomplicatedslaughtering,cutting,andpackingprocess(thoughworkercomplaintsabouttherateandconditionsofworkwerefrequent),payandconditionsforthelatterwerewretched.Theauthor’smisinterpretationoftheoriginsofthefeelingsthemeat-packershadfortheirindustrialneighborhoodmayaccountforthehistory’sfaultygeneralizations.

Theprideandcontentmenttheauthorremarksuponwere,arguably,lesstheproductsoftheindustrialworldofthepackers——thegiantyardsandtheintricateplants----thanoftheunityandvibrancy(活躍)oftheethnicculturesthatformedaviablecommunityonChicago’sSouthSide.Indeed,thestrengthofthiscommunitysucceededingeneratingasocialmovementthateffectivelyconfrontedtheproblemsoftheindustrythatprovideditslivelihood.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing（）.

2.Theauthorofthepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdescribingnegativeconditionsinthemeat-packingindustryEXCEPT（）.

3.Theauthorofthepassagementionsthe“socialmovement”(inthelastparagraph)generatedbyChicago’sSouthSidecommunityprimarilyinorderto（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,theworkingconditionsofskilledworkersinthemeat-packingindustryduringthe1880swereinfluencedby（）.

5.Theauthorofthepassageusesthesecondparagraphto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.howhistoriansoughttoexplaintheoriginsoftheconditionsintheChicagomeat-packingindustry

B.whyitisdifficulttodeterminetheactualnatureoftheconditionsintheChicagomeat-packingindustry

C.whyaparticularaccountoftheconditionsintheChicagomeat-packingindustryisinaccurate

D.whatoughttobeincludedinanyaccountoftheChicagomeat-packers’roleinthenationallabormovement

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.datafromtheUniversityofChicago

B.socialworkers

C.arecenthistoryofthemeat-packingindustry

D.historicalsourcesforthelatenineteenthcentury

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.informthereaderofeventsthatoccurredinthemeat-packingindustryaftertheperiodoftimecoveredbythehistory

B.introduceanewissuedesignedtoelaborateonthegoodrelationshipbetweenthemeat-packersandChicago’sethniccommunities

C.salvagethehistory’spointofviewbysuggestingthattherewerepositivedevelopmentsinthemeat-packingindustryduetoworkerunity

D.suggestthehistory’slimitationsbypointingoutasituationthatthehistoryfailedtoexplainadequately

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theworkers’determinedcomplaintsabouttherateandconditionsoftheirwork

B.theeffortsofsocialworkerstoimprovesanitationinthepacking-houses

C.theworkers’abilitytoperformtheindustry’scomplextasks

D.improvementsintheindustry’spackingprocessthatoccurredinthe1880s

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.summarizethemainpointofthehistorydiscussedinthepassage

B.explainwhythehistorydiscussedinthepassagehasbeendisparagedbycritics

C.evaluatethefindingsofrecentstudiesthatunderminethepremisesofthehistorydiscussedinthepassage

D.presentevidencethatisintendedtorefutetheargumentofthehistorydiscussedinthepassage

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。第一段指出:Theworkignoresthefactthatthe1880swerecrucialyearsinAmericanlaborhistory,andthatthepacking-houseworkers’effortswerepartofthenationalmovementforlaborreform(這個(gè)作品忽視了十九世紀(jì)八十年代是美國(guó)勞工歷史上重要時(shí)期的事實(shí)和肉類加工工人的努力是美國(guó)全國(guó)性勞工改革運(yùn)動(dòng)的一部分)以及第三段指出:Theauthor’smisinterpretationoftheoriginsofthefeelingsthemeat-packershadfortheirindustrialneighborhoodmayaccountforthehistory’sfaultygeneralizations(作者對(duì)肉類加工商對(duì)其工業(yè)區(qū)的感受的起源的誤解，可能是歷史錯(cuò)誤概括的原因)。因此該文章主要討論“為何有關(guān)芝加哥肉類加工業(yè)情況的敘述是錯(cuò)誤的”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干問:本文作者提到以下所有描述肉類包裝行業(yè)負(fù)面狀況的內(nèi)容，除了…。A:來自芝加哥大學(xué)的資料,第二段指出:AdditionaldatafromtheUniversityofChicagosuggestthatthepacking-housesweredangerousplacestowork(來自芝加哥大學(xué)的附加資料表明肉類加工廠的工作環(huán)境是危險(xiǎn)的),因此A符合原文所述。B:社會(huì)工作者,由第二段中“whilesocialworkersobservedthatmostoftheworkerswerepoorlypaidandoverworked(與此同吋，社會(huì)工作者發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)工人收入非常差且工作過度)”可知B正確。C:肉類加工業(yè)的近代史,第一段指出:Meat-packers,theauthorargues,hadgoodwages,workingconditions,andprospectsforadvancementwithinthepacking-houses,anddidnotcooperatewithlaboragitatorssincelaborrelationsweresoharmonious(作者（即近代史的作者）辯稱，肉類加工工人的工資待遇、工資條件和發(fā)展前景都不錯(cuò)，且肉類加工工人沒有與勞工糾紛鼓動(dòng)者合作的原因是該行業(yè)的勞工關(guān)系非常和睦),因此C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D:第二段指出:Infact,otherhistoricalsourcesforthelate-nineteenthcenturyrecorddeterioratinghousingandhighdiseaseandinfantmortalityratesintheindustrialcommunity,duetolowwagesandunhealthyworkingconditions(事實(shí)上，其它針對(duì)十九世紀(jì)晚期的歷史資料記錄了由于低工資