考研考博-英語-廈門工學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廈門工學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Davidtendstofeeluselessandunwantedinasocietythatgivessomuch（）towhocompetewell.

問題1選項

A.prestige

B.regime

C.superiority

D.legislation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項prestige“威信”；B選項regime“政體”；C選項superiority“優(yōu)越”；D選項legislation“立法”。句意：在這樣一個給予強者顯赫聲望的社會里，大衛(wèi)覺得自己無用，不被社會需要。本句表示強者獲得威望。因此A選項正確。

2.單選題

Thefirstthathehadtodowasto（）theEnglishthoroughly;andyoumustknowthathiswasathingnoteasytodo.

問題1選項

A.defeat

B.overcome

C.vanquish

D.conquer

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他得做的第一件事是徹底戰(zhàn)勝英語，并且你必須知道這不是件容易的事。

考查動詞辨析。defeat擊敗，打敗，戰(zhàn)勝（對手）；overcome戰(zhàn)勝（某人），克服，解決（事情）;vanquish征服，徹底擊敗，戰(zhàn)勝;conquer占領，攻克，（比賽中）擊敗。空格處動詞的賓語為English(英語)，因此B符合搭配跟句意。

3.單選題

Theauthoritiesclaimthattherateofcrimeisdeclining,butstatisticsshow______.

問題1選項

A.clockwise

B.otherwise

C.elsewhere

D.likewise

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項clockwise“順時針方向地”；B選項otherwise“另外，否則”；C選項elsewhere“在別處；到別處”；D選項likewise“同樣地；也”。句意：當局聲稱犯罪率正在下降，但數(shù)據(jù)卻沒顯示……。根據(jù)but可知，句型表示轉(zhuǎn)折，只有選項B表示轉(zhuǎn)折，因此B選項符合題意。

4.單選題

Thejoysoftravel,havinglong（）thedisabled,areopeninguptovirtuallyanyonewhohasthemeans.

問題1選項

A.omitted

B.missed

C.neglected

D.discarded

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項omitted“遺漏，省略”；B選項missed“錯過，投偏”；C選項neglected“忽視，疏忽”；D選項discarded“丟棄”。句意：長期以來被忽視的殘疾人旅行的樂趣正在向任何有辦法的人開放。這里表示的是“之前殘疾人士的旅行樂趣被忽視了”，因此C選項符合題意。

5.單選題

Theyachievedmorethantheyhadeverdreamed,lendingamagictotheirfamilystorythatnotaleorordinarylifecouldpossiblyrival.

問題1選項

A.confirm

B.achieve

C.match

D.exaggerate

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指任何故事或普通生活都無法與之相匹敵。選項C與劃線部分意思最為接近。

6.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmallwell-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts.Yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerlessthathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob.Theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagain-bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofloveandofreason-aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis（

）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（

）

3.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（

）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（

）.

問題1選項

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividualfunctionsinit

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問題2選項

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

問題3選項

A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

D.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

問題4選項

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkerandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問題5選項

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.tolerance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一句話通常點出主旨大意。通篇文章都在談論人們由于對工作沒有激情和興趣而找不到存在感，生活在巨大的焦慮之中的現(xiàn)實。所以C選項“社會中毫不重要的一個小部分，盡管一切運作正常”符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第二段的最后一句話‘Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.他們生活和死亡從來沒有面對過人類作為情感和智力獨立和有生產(chǎn)力的人存在的基本現(xiàn)實。’確定真正的原因是作為“情感與理智上獨立的、富有創(chuàng)造性的”個人被忽視。D選項正確。選項A、B只是部分原因，不是真正的原因；C的意思與文章內(nèi)容相悖。

3.語義推測題。文章第三段開頭提到‘Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.生活在社會上層階級的人需要面對更為激烈的競爭，因此面臨著更大的焦慮，同時也更沒有安全感‘。所以A和B選項排除。第三段最后一句提到“Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.一個人需要頻繁地去證實他不比其競爭者差或比他更好，這樣頻繁的焦慮和壓力正是人類抑郁和生病的原因?！保訡選項排除。所以正確答案為D。

4.語義理解題。文章最后一段作者提到了解決方法：Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofloveandofreason-aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.我建議把我們的社會制度從以最大限度的生產(chǎn)和消費為目的的官僚主義管理的工業(yè)主義轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐匀藶楸镜墓I(yè)主義，在這種工業(yè)主義中，人和充分發(fā)揮他的潛力---即愛和理性的潛力---是一切社會安排的目標。作者不贊同回到工業(yè)革命前的生產(chǎn)模式或是19世紀自由市場資本主義，所以A和B選項排除。作者贊同旨在激發(fā)人類愛和理智無限潛能的社會事業(yè)，所以C選項正確。D選項文章沒有提及，排除。

5.作者觀點題。作者提出了由于工業(yè)主義后在社會上產(chǎn)生的焦慮，但是文章最后一段，作者并不僅僅是表達對現(xiàn)狀的不滿意，而是以寬容的方式提出更好的建議來改善現(xiàn)狀。所以D選項“寬容”符合題意。A“贊同”和C“懷疑”都不符合文意，排除。B‘不滿’比較片面，排除。

7.單選題

Businesstourismisverylucrativeasbusinesstravelershaveahigherspendthanleisuretourists,which（）createsmorejobs.

問題1選項

A.inessence

B.incontrast

C.inturn

D.inpart

【答案】D

【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。A選項inessence表示“本質(zhì)上，大體上”；B選項incontrast表示“與之相反，比較起來”；C選項inturn表示“反過來，輪流”；D選項inpart表示“部分地，在某種程度上”。由句意可知，商務旅游是非常有利可圖的，因為商務旅行者比休閑游客有更高的消費，這___創(chuàng)造了更多的就業(yè)機會。對比四個選項，只有D選項最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為D選項。

8.單選題

Happy（）theywere,therewassomethingmissing.

問題1選項

A.though

B.which

C.as

D.since

【答案】C

【解析】though雖然；which哪個;as像，如;盡管;雖然；since自從。句意：盡管他們是快樂的，但總?cè)鄙傩┦裁础＞渥又g有一個轉(zhuǎn)折關系，though一般放在句子句首，as表示讓步時，采用倒裝句式，表語一般放在從句之首，故C選項正確。

9.不定項選擇題

Scatteredaroundtheglobearemorethanonehundredregionsofvolcanicactivityknownashotspots.Unlikemostvolcanoes,hotspotsarerarelyfoundalongtheboundariesofthecontinentalandoceanicplatesthatcomprisetheEarth’scrust;mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplatesandareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface.Hotspotsarealsodistinguishedfromothervolcanoesbytheirlavas,whichcontaingreateramountsofalkalimetalsthandothosefromvolcanoesatplatemargins.

Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke,itappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamanner,byasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.TwootherPacificislandchains—theAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidge—paralleltheconfigurationoftheHawaiianchain;theyarealsoalignedfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,withthemostrecentvolcanicactivityneartheireasternterminuses.

ThatthePacificplateandtheotherplatesaremovingisnowbeyonddispute;therelativemotionoftheplateshasbeenreconstructedindetail.HowevertherelativemotionoftheplateswithrespecttotheEarth’sinteriorcannotbedeterminedeasily.Hotspotsprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsforresolvingthequestionofwhethertwocontinentalplatesaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheroneisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit.Themostcompellingevidencethatacontinentalplateisstationaryisthat,atsomehotspots,lavasofseveralagesaresuperposedinsteadofbeingspreadoutinchronologicalsequence.Ofcourse,reconstructionofplatemotionfromthetracksofhot-spotvolcanoesassumesthathotspotsareimmobile,ornearlyso.Severalstudiessupportsuchanassumption,includingonethathasshownthatprominenthotspotsthroughouttheworldseemnottohavemovedduringthepasttenmillionyears.

Beyondactingasframesofreference,hotspotsapparentlyinfluencethegeophysicalprocessesthatpropeltheplatesacrosstheglobe.Whenacontinentalplatecomestorestoverahotspot,materialwellingupfromdeeperlayersformsabroaddomethat,asitgrows,developsdeepfissures.Insomeinstances,thecontinentalplatemayruptureentirelyalongsomeofthefissuressothatthehotspotinitiatestheformationofanewocean.Thus,justasearliertheorieshaveexplainedthemobilityofthecontinentalplates,sohot-spotactivitymaysuggestatheorytoexplaintheirmutability.

23.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

24.Accordingtothepassage,hotspotsdifferfrommostvolcanoesinthathotspots（）.

25.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatevidencefortheapparentcourseofthePacificplatehasbeenprovidedbythe（）.

26.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthespreadingoutoflavasofdifferentagesathotspotsindicatesthata（）.

27.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingabouttheHawaiianIslands,theAustralRidge,andtheTuamotuRidge?

28.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldbestsupporttheauthor’sstatementthathot-spotactivitymayexplainthemutabilityofcontinentalplates?

29.Theauthor’sargumentthathotspotscanbeusedtoreconstructthemovementofcontinentalplatesisweakenedbythefactthat（）.

30.Theauthor’sstylecanbestbedescribedas（）.

問題1選項

A.describethewayinwhichhotspotsinfluencetheextinctionofvolcanoes

B.describeandexplaintheformationoftheoceansandcontinents

C.explainhowtoestimatetheageoflavaflowsfromextinctvolcanoes

D.describehotspotsandexplainhowtheyappeartoinfluenceandrecordthemotionofplates

E.describetheformationandorientationofislandchainsinthePacificOcean

問題2選項

A.canonlybefoundnearislands

B.areactivewhereasallothervolcanoesareextinct

C.aresituatedclosertotheearth’ssurface

D.canbefoundalongtheedgesoftheplates

E.havegreateramountsofalkalimetalsintheirlavas

問題3選項

A.contoursofthecontinents

B.dimensionsofoceanhotspots

C.concurrentmovementoftwohotspots

D.patternoffissuresintheoceanfloor

E.configurationsofseveralmid-oceanislandchains

問題4選項

A.hotspotisactive

B.continentalplatehasmoved

C.continentalruptureisimminent

D.hotspothadbeenmovingveryrapidly

E.volcanocontainslargeconcentrationsofalkalimetals

問題5選項

A.Thethreechainsofislandsaremovingeastward.

B.Alltheislandsinthethreechainshavestoppedmoving.

C.Thethreeislandchainsarearesultofthesameplatemovement.

D.TheHawaiianIslandsarerecedingfromtheothertwoislandchainsatarelativelyrapidrate.

E.TheAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidgechainshavemovedclosertogetherwhereastheHawaiianIslandshaveremainedstationary.

問題6選項

A.Hotspotsmovemorerapidlythanthecontinentalandoceanicplate.

B.Hotspotsarereliableindicatorsoftheageofcontinentalplates.

C.Hotspotsareregionsofvolcanicactivityfoundonlyintheinteriorsofthecontinentalplates.

D.ThealignmentsofthehotspotsinthePacificOceanparallelsthealignmentofthePacificOceanislands.

E.ThecoastlinesofAfricaandSouthAmericasuggestthattheymayoncehaveconstitutedasinglecontinentthatrupturedalongalineofhotspots.

問題7選項

A.hotspotsareneverfoundattheboundariesofplates

B.onlyextinctvolcanoesremainafteraplatemovesoverahotspot

C.lavaflowpatternsforallhotspotshavenotbeenshowntobethesame

D.theimmobilityornearimmobilityofhotspotshasnotbeenconclusivelyproven

E.thechangingconfigurationsofislandsmakepinpointingthelocationsofhotspotsdifficult

問題8選項

A.dramatic

B.archaic

C.esoteric

D.objective

E.humanistic

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:E

第3題:E

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:E

第7題:D

第8題:D

【解析】23.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。各選項的意思是：A：描述熱點如何影響火山的滅絕；B：描述并解釋海洋和大陸的形成；C：解釋如何估計死火山熔巖流的年齡；D：描述熱點并解釋它們?nèi)绾斡绊懞陀涗洶鍓K的運動；E：描述太平洋島鏈的形成和方向。本文介紹了火山活動地區(qū)，即熱點，并且詳細解釋了它們是如何影響和記錄板塊運動的：除了作為參照系外，熱點顯然還影響著推動板塊橫穿全球的地球物理過程。因此D項正確。

24.【試題答案】E

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。各選項的意思是：A：只能在島嶼附近找到；B：是活火山，而其他的都是死火山；C：離地球表面更近；D：可以沿著板塊的邊緣找到；E：熔巖中有更多的堿金屬。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞hotspots以及volcanoes可定位至第一段：Unlikemostvolcanoes,hotspotsarerarelyfoundalongtheboundariesofthecontinentalandoceanicplatesthatcomprisetheEarth’scrust;mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplatesandareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface.Hotspotsarealsodistinguishedfromothervolcanoesbytheirlavas,whichcontaingreateramountsofalkalimetalsthandothosefromvolcanoesatplatemargins（與大多數(shù)火山不同的是，熱點很少出現(xiàn)在構(gòu)成地殼的大陸板塊和海洋板塊的邊界上；大多數(shù)熱點位于板塊內(nèi)部深處，并固定在地球表面的深層。熱點與其他火山的區(qū)別還在于它們的熔巖，這些熔巖比那些來自板塊邊緣的火山含有更多的堿金屬）。由此可知，E項“熔巖中有更多的堿金屬”正確。

25.【試題答案】E

【試題解析】判斷推理題。各選項的意思是：A：大陸的輪廓；B：海洋熱點尺寸；C：兩個熱點同時移動；D：海底裂縫的模式；E：幾個大洋中部島鏈的構(gòu)造。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞Pacificplate可定位至第二段：Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke,itappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamanner,byasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.TwootherPacificislandchains—theAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidge—paralleltheconfigurationoftheHawaiianchain（在某些情況下，板塊經(jīng)過熱點時會留下死火山的痕跡，就像風吹過煙囪時會噴出一股濃煙一樣。夏威夷群島似乎就是這樣形成的，由一個單一的熔巖源從熱點涌出，太平洋板塊大致經(jīng)過熱點從東到西北，伴隨著一系列年齡不斷增長的火山，另外兩個太平洋島鏈——南海嶺和土阿莫土海嶺——平行于夏威夷島鏈的結(jié)構(gòu)）。由此可知太平洋板塊明顯的運動軌跡的證據(jù)是由幾個大洋中部島鏈的構(gòu)造提供的，故選E項，其余選項并不符合題意。

26.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。各選項的意思是：A：熱點是活躍的；B：大陸板塊移動了；C：大陸破裂迫在眉睫；D：“熱點”移動得非常快；E：火山含有大量的堿金屬。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞spreadingoutoflavasofdifferentagesathotspots可定位至第三段：Themostcompellingevidencethatacontinentalplateisstationaryisthat,atsomehotspots,lavasofseveralagesaresuperposedinsteadofbeingspreadoutinchronologicalsequence（大陸板塊是靜止的最有力的證據(jù)是，在一些熱點地區(qū)，幾個時代的熔巖是重疊的，而不是按時間順序排列的），而該句前面指出：Hotspotsprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsforresolvingthequestionofwhethertwocontinentalplatesaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheroneisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit（熱點提供了測量儀器，可以用來解決這樣一個問題：兩個大陸板塊是朝相反的方向移動，還是一個靜止不動而另一個正遠離它而漂移）。因此，B項“大陸板塊移動了”是正確選項。

27.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。各選項的意思是：A：這三個群島正在向東移動；B：三個島鏈上的所有島嶼都停止了移動；C：這三個島鏈是同一板塊運動的結(jié)果；D：夏威夷群島正以相對較快的速度從其他兩個島鏈中撤退；E：南海嶺和土阿莫土海嶺鏈越來越靠近，而夏威夷群島則保持不變。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞theHawaiianIslands,theAustralRidge,andtheTuamotuRidge可定位至第第二段：Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke,itappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamanner,byasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.TwootherPacificislandchains—theAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidge—paralleltheconfigurationoftheHawaiianchain（在某些情況下，板塊經(jīng)過熱點時會留下死火山的痕跡，就像風吹過煙囪時會噴出一股濃煙一樣。夏威夷群島似乎就是這樣形成的，由一個單一的熔巖源從熱點涌出，太平洋板塊大致經(jīng)過熱點從東到西北，伴隨著一系列年齡不斷增長的火山，另外兩個太平洋島鏈——南海嶺和土阿莫土海嶺——平行于夏威夷島鏈的結(jié)構(gòu)）。因此，C項“這三個島鏈是同一板塊運動的結(jié)果”正確，其余選項均不符合原文所述。

28.【試題答案】E

【試題解析】判斷推理題。各選項的意思是：A：熱點比大陸和海洋板塊移動得更快，原文并未提及；B：熱點是大陸板塊年齡的可靠指標，原文并未提及；C：熱點是僅在大陸板塊內(nèi)部發(fā)現(xiàn)的火山活動區(qū)，第一段指出：mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplatesandareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface（大多數(shù)熱點位于板塊內(nèi)部深處，并固定在地球表面的深層），原文只是說“大多數(shù)”，因此C項錯誤；D：太平洋熱點的排列與太平洋島嶼的排列是平行的，原文并未提及；E：非洲和南美洲的海岸線表明，它們可能曾經(jīng)構(gòu)成了一個單一的大陸，然后沿著一系列熱點斷裂。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞mutability可定位至最后一段最后一句：sohot-spotactivitymaysuggestatheorytoexplaintheirmutability（因此，熱點活動可能會提出一種理論來解釋它們的可變性），前面作者指出：Insomeinstances,thecontinentalplatemayruptureentirelyalongsomeofthefissuressothatthehotspotinitiatestheformationofanewocean.Thus,justasearliertheorieshaveexplainedthemobilityofthecontinentalplates…（在某些情況下，大陸板塊可能會沿著一些裂縫完全斷裂，這樣熱點就會引發(fā)新的海洋的形成，因此，就像早先的理論解釋了大陸板塊的流動性一樣），因此E選項“非洲和南美洲的海岸線表明，它們可能曾經(jīng)構(gòu)成了一個單一的大陸，然后沿著一系列熱點斷裂”能夠最好證明作者觀點：熱點活動可以解釋大陸板塊的可變性。

29.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。各選項的意思是：A：在板塊的邊界永遠不會發(fā)現(xiàn)熱點；B：當板塊移動到一個熱點上時，只有死火山仍然存在；C：并不是所有熱點的熔巖流模式都是一樣的；D：熱點的不動性或接近不動性尚未得到?jīng)Q定性的證明；E：島嶼不斷變化的形狀使得確定熱點的位置變得困難。題干問的是作者認為熱點可以用來重建大陸板塊運動的論點被以下哪一項駁斥了？根據(jù)題干可定位至第三段：HowevertherelativemotionoftheplateswithrespecttotheEarth’sinteriorcannotbedeterminedeasily（然而，板塊相對于地球內(nèi)部的相對運動并不容易確定）.Hotspotsprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsforresolvingthequestionofwhethertwocontinentalplatesaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheroneisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit（熱點提供了測量儀器，可以用來解決這樣一個問題：兩個大陸板塊是朝相反的方向移動，還是一個靜止不動而另一個正遠離它而漂移）.Themostcompellingevidencethatacontinentalplateisstationaryisthat,atsomehotspots,lavasofseveralagesaresuperposedinsteadofbeingspreadoutinchronologicalsequence（大陸板塊是靜止不動的最有力證據(jù)是，在一些熱點地區(qū)，不同年代的熔巖是重疊的，而不是按時間順序分散開來的）.Ofcourse,reconstructionofplatemotionfromthetracksofhot-spotvolcanoesassumesthathotspotsareimmobile,ornearlyso（當然，從熱點火山的軌跡重建板塊運動假設熱點是不動的，或者幾乎是不動的）。由此可知，熱點的不動性或接近不動性尚未得到?jīng)Q定性的證明，故選D項。

30.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。各選項的意思是：A：戲劇的；B：陳舊的；C：深奧難懂的；D：客觀的；E：人道的。題干問的是作者的行文風格，本文是一篇說明文，作者介紹了火山活動地區(qū)，即熱點，并且詳細解釋了它們是如何影響和記錄板塊運動的。因此作者行文的風格可以用“客觀”來形容，故選D。

10.單選題

YangtzeRiverflowsatawidthofupto2kmandanaveragedepthofbetween6and15mthroughalargeplainwithmanylakes.Thisareais()toseverefloodingandaccumulationofriversediment.

問題1選項

A.object

B.particular

C.subject

D.prone

【答案】C

【解析】句意：長江流經(jīng)一個有許多湖泊的大平原，這個平原寬達2公里，平均深度在6至15米之間。這個地區(qū)經(jīng)常發(fā)生嚴重的水災和河流泥沙淤積。objectto對……反對；particular特別，尤其，不與to搭配；subjectto使遭受；proneto有……傾向的。選項C符合句意。

11.單選題

Modern-daybusinessreallydoestranscendnationalbarriers.ThankstosophisticatedITandcommunicationssystems,businessescannowmarkettheirproductsonatrulyglobalscale.Theworldisindisputablybecomingasmallerplace,asserviceandmanufacturingcompaniessearchtheinternationalmarketplacefornewsuppliersandclients.Businessesmust,however,beawarethatoncetheyexpandtheareainwhichtheyoperate,theyfaceincreasedcompetition.Thestandardandqualityoftheirgoodsbecomeincreasinglyimportantinkeepingupwithcompetitors.Butmostofall,itistheserviceelementaccompanyingthegoodswhichiscrucialtoacompany’ssuccessinaparticularmarket.Thisnewphilosophyhasledtomanycompanies,someofwhichhaveevenofferedproductsofalesserquality,gainingsuccessoverseas.

Althoughglobalizationmay,insomesense,havebroughtnationaleconomiesclosertogether,societiesaroundtheworldstillhaveradicallydifferentexpectations,processes,andstandards.Thesearenotafunctionofeconomicchanges,butaremoredeep-rootedanddifficulttoalter.Theycanbeamajorproblemforbusinessesexpandingabroad,withthegreatestobstacleofallbeingthelanguagebarrier.Ifyouhavetodealwithclients,suppliersanddistributorsinarangeofcountries,youwillnotonlyneedtheskillstocommunicatewiththem,youwillalsoneedtoreconcileanynationalbiasesyouhavewiththediversewaysofdoingbusinessthatexistaroundtheglobe.

Thevalueofeffectivecommunicationisnottobeunderestimated.Nevtechnologysuchasvideoconferencingandemailhasplayedapartinmakingthecommunicationprocesseasier,anditmayalsobepossiblethattheintroductionoflanguageinterpretationsoftwarewillhelpwithsomeglobalcommunicationsproblems.But,ofcourse,itisthehumanelementofthecommunicationprocessthatissovitalinbusiness,especiallyinnegotiations,presentationsandteam-building.Itisessentialformanagerstomeetregularlywithstaff,customersandpartners,sothatissuescanbediscussed,messagescommunicatedandfeedbackobtained.

Thevalueofwell-organizedlanguagetrainingisimmense,andcanbringbenefitstoalllevelsanddepartmentswithinamultinationalorganization.Unfortunately,however,manyorganizationshaveaverynarrowviewwhenitcomestotrainingofanykind.Often,anurgentrequirementhastobeidentifiedbeforetrainingisauthorized.Then,atrainingcompanyisemployedoraprogramisdevelopedin-house,theteamistrained,andthatisseenastheendofthematter.However,thefactremainsthattrainingprogrammesareeffectiveonlyiftheyarerelevanttoacompany’sbreeder,long-termneeds.Theyshouldberegardedasaninvestmentratherthanacost.

Changesinexpectationsandattitudesarecertain,tocontinueforcompaniesthattradeglobally.Althoughsuchcompaniesarenotyetfacedwiththeirinternationalpartnersandclientsdemandingthatbusinessbeconductedintheirmothertongue,theyrealizethatoverseascompetitionisincreasingfast,ifthesecompanieswanttocontinuetoachievesuccessontheinternationaltradingcircuit,theymustbepreparedtoadapttosituationsandspeakthelocallanguage.Ifnot,someoneelsewill.

11.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,improvedcommunicationshaveenabledcompaniesto（）.

12.Approachestodoingbusinessvarybetweencountriesbecauseof（）.

13.Thewriterthinksthattheuseofmoderntechnologywill（）.

14.Acommonweaknessoftrainingcoursesisthatthey（）.

15.Whyshouldcompaniesdobusinessinthelanguageofthecountriestheyareoperatingin?

問題1選項

A.offerawidervarietyofproductsandservices

B.expandbeyondtheirdomesticmarkets

C.performbetterthantheirinternationalcompetitors

D.openoremanufacturingfacilitiesabroad

問題2選項

A.localeconomicconsiderations

B.strongwishestoremainindependent

C.theexistenceofculturaldifferences

D.regulationsaboutbusinesspractices

問題3選項

A.speeduptheprocessoflanguageinterpretation

B.notleadtogreatercommunicationbetweencompaniesandclients

C.helpsolvetheproblemsinvolvedinmaintainingstrongteams

D.neverreplacetheneedforface-to-faceinteraction

問題4選項

A.aredevelopedbythewrongteam

B.donotgivegoodvalueformoney

C.areprovidedonlyifthereisanimmediateneed

D.donotdeal