考研考博-英語-保定電力職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-保定電力職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Youmustbe（

）whenbuyingausedcar;besuretheengineisingoodcondition.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.weary

B.zealous

C.wary

D.wily

【答案】C

【解析】weary疲倦的，厭煩的；zealous熱心的，積極的；wary謹(jǐn)慎的，考慮周到的；wily狡猾的，詭計(jì)多端的。句意：當(dāng)你買二手車時(shí)一定要小心謹(jǐn)慎，確保發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)處于良好狀態(tài)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Thetwo-month-oldbabyhashardlyrousedhimselffromthelongnightofhisfirstweeksinthisworldwhenheisconfrontedwithsomeofthedifficultproblemsoftherace.Weinvitehimtostudythenatureofreality,todifferentiateselfandnon-self,andtoestablishusefulcriteriaineachofthesecategories.

Asimilarprojectinacademicresearchwouldrequireextensivelaboratoryequipmentandpersonnel;tobefairaboutit,ithastakenjustthattoreconstructtheexperimentsoftheinfant.Andtherearefewgrownandqualifiedscientistswhocanequaltheinfantforzealandenergyinsortingouttherawdatainthisproject.Hisequipmentislimitedtohissensoryorgans,hishands,hismouth,andaprimitivememoryapparatus.

Attwomonths,aswehaveseen,herecognizesanobjectthatweknowtobeahumanfaceandweknowtobeanobjectoutsidehimself.Buttothebabythisisjustanimage,animageincidentallythathecan’tdifferentiatefromthementalimage,thepictureinmemory.Butthisfaceisonepieceinthejigsawpuzzle—akeypiece,wethink.Thengraduallyintheweekstocometheassociationofbreastorbottle,ofhands,voice,amultitudeofpleasurablesenseexperiencesbegintoclusteraroundthisfaceandtoformthecrudeimageofaperson.

Meantimetheinfantisconductingaseriesofcomplicatedexperimentsinsensorydiscrimination.Wemustrememberthatintheearlymonthshedoesnotdiscriminatebetweenhisbodyandotherbodies.Whenheclutchesthefingerofhismotherorhisfatherhedoesn’tseeitassomeoneelse’sfingerandhisbehaviorindicatesthathetreatsitexactlythesameashedoeshisownfinger.Ittakeshimsometime,infact,torecognizehisownhandatsightandtoacquireevenarudimentaryfeelingthatthisispartofhisownbody.Inthefirstgroupofexperimentshediscoversthattheobjectthatpassesoccasionallyinfrontofhiseyes(whichweknowtobehishand)isthesameastheobjectwithvisualandtastequalitiesthathecanidentify.Inanotherexperimentalserieshediscoversthatthesensationsthataccompanytheintroductionofthisobjectintohismoutharedifferentfromthoseexperiencedwhenhetakesanippleintohismouth:oratoy,orhismother’sorfather’sfinger.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,“someofthedifficultproblemsoftherace”(Para.1)refersto________.

2.Theauthorcomparesababywithascientist(Para.2)inordertomakethepointthat________.

3.Theauthorapparentlybelievesthatinfancylearningbeginswith________.

4.Theaccountofhowaninfantlearnstodiscriminatebetweenhisownbodyandthebodyofotherssuggeststhat________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.figuringoutwhatisimaginary

B.beingabletomakedistinctions

C.understandingthatdreamsarenotreal

D.findingtheexactpositionofoneself

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.infantsaretirelessintheireffortstounderstandtheirenvironments

B.infantsuseaformofthescientificmethod

C.scientificexperimentationistimeconsuming

D.manyscientificstudieshavebeendoneonhowinfantslearn

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.feelingofbeingloved

B.thebaby’ssenses

C.imagesthattheinfantsees

D.ideasstoredintheinfant’smemory

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thereareseveraldifferenttheoriesabouttheprocess

B.thediscriminationprocessfollowsaprecisesequence

C.somebabieslearnmorequicklythanothers

D.malebabieslearndifferentlyfromfemalebabies

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段第三句Weinvitehimtostudythenatureofreality,todifferentiateselfandnon-self,andtoestablishusefulcriteriaineachofthesecategories.（我們邀請(qǐng)他來研究現(xiàn)實(shí)的本質(zhì)，來區(qū)分自我和非自我，并在每一個(gè)類別中建立有用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。）由此可知一些人類的難題指的是B選項(xiàng)“能夠做出區(qū)分”；其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)A選項(xiàng)“弄清楚什么是虛幻”；C選項(xiàng)“理解夢(mèng)境不是真的”；D選項(xiàng)“為自己找到準(zhǔn)確的位置”都沒有提及。

第2題:推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第二段第二句Andtherearefewgrownandqualifiedscientistswhocanequaltheinfantforzealandenergyinsortingouttherawdatainthisproject.（在整理這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的原始數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，很少有成熟和合格的科學(xué)家能像嬰兒一樣有熱情和精力。）由此可以推斷A選項(xiàng)“嬰兒不知疲倦的去了解自己所在的環(huán)境”正確；其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)B選項(xiàng)“嬰兒使用一種科學(xué)方法”；C選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)是耗時(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)“研究嬰兒學(xué)習(xí)的實(shí)驗(yàn)有很多”都不符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段第一、二句Attwomonths,aswehaveseen,herecognizesanobjectthatweknowtobeahumanfaceandweknowtobeanobjectoutsidehimself.Buttothebabythisisjustanimage,animageincidentallythathecan’tdifferentiatefromthementalimage,thepictureinmemory.（兩個(gè)月大的時(shí)候，正如我們所看到的那樣，他認(rèn)出了一個(gè)物體，這個(gè)物體我們知道是人臉而且知道這是一個(gè)自身以外的物體。但對(duì)嬰兒來說，這只是一個(gè)圖像，一個(gè)他無法與感覺區(qū)分的圖像，是記憶里的圖片）從這句話中我們可以判斷嬰兒的學(xué)習(xí)開始于選項(xiàng)C“嬰兒看到的影像”；A選項(xiàng)“被愛的感覺”；B選項(xiàng)“嬰兒的感覺”；D選項(xiàng)“儲(chǔ)藏在嬰兒記憶中的想法”文中沒有提及。

第4題:推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干第三段最后一句Thengraduallyintheweekstocometheassociationofbreastorbottle,ofhands,voice,amultitudeofpleasurablesenseexperiencesbegintoclusteraroundthisfaceandtoformthecrudeimageofaperson.（然后在接下來的幾個(gè)星期里，乳房或奶瓶，手，聲音的聯(lián)想，大量的愉悅感體驗(yàn)開始聚集在這張臉周圍，形成一個(gè)人的粗糙形象。）從這里可以推斷B選項(xiàng)“辨別過程遵循著一個(gè)精確的順序”是正確的。A選項(xiàng)“這里有幾個(gè)不同的理論來解釋這個(gè)過程”；C選項(xiàng)“一些嬰兒學(xué)得比其他嬰兒快”；D選項(xiàng)“男寶寶學(xué)得比女寶寶不同”文章都沒有提及。

3.單選題

Lastnighthesawtwodark（

）centerthebuilding,andthentherewastheexplosion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.figures

B.features

C.sketches

D.images

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。figure意為“人影，數(shù)字”；feature意為“特征，特點(diǎn)”；sketch意為“素描，草圖”；image意為“圖像，肖像”。

句意：昨晚，他看到了兩個(gè)黑影進(jìn)入了大樓，然后發(fā)生了爆炸。

4.單選題

Alltheflights（

）becauseofthesnowstorm,wehadtotakethetraininstead.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.werecanceled

B.hadbeencanceled

C.havingcanceled

D.havingbeencanceled

【答案】D

【解析】句意:所有航班因暴風(fēng)雪都被取消，我們不得不改乘火車。

語法題。考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。題干后半句已經(jīng)完整,所以前半句是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),排除A,B。由于動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“改乘火車”之前,而且是“被取消”,所以用havingbeencanceled。

5.單選題

Over-workingofthelandinsomecountrieshasledtosoil（

）ofnutrients,which,inturn,willleadtobarrenland.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.repleted

B.grieved

C.depleted

D.deplored

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。Replete“充滿的，裝滿的”，沒有單詞repleted；grieved“傷心的”；depleted“耗盡的，廢棄的”；deplored為動(dòng)詞的過去式，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知此處應(yīng)填入形容詞作后置定語，修飾soil。句意：在一些國家，土地的過度耕作已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致土壤耗盡營養(yǎng)物，這反過來又會(huì)導(dǎo)致土地貧瘠。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

TheInternet,E-commerceandglobalizationaremakinganeweconomicerapossible.Bythemiddleofthe21stcentury,capitalistmarketswilllargelybereplacedbyanewkindofeconomicsystembasedonnetworkedrelationships,contractualarrangementsandaccessrights.

Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?IhaveaskedthisquestionofhundredsofCEOSandcorporateexecutivesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Surprisingly,virtuallyeveryonehassaid,“No,quitecontrary.”

Theverypeopleresponsibleforusheringinwhatsomehavecalleda“technologicalrenaissance”saytheyareworkinglongerhours,feelmorestressed,aremoreimpatient,andareevenlesscivilintheirdealingswithcolleaguesandfriends—nottomentionstrangers.Andwhat’smorerevealing,theyplacemuchoftheblameontheverysametechnologiestheyaresoaggressivelychampioning.

Thetechnoguruspromisedusthataccesswouldmakelifemoreconvenientandgiveusmoretime.Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.

Ifanearliergenerationwaspreoccupiedwiththequesttoencloseavastgeographicfrontier,generation,itseems,ismorecaughtupinthecolonizationoftime.Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.Oure-mail,voicemailandcellphones,our24-hourInternetnewsandentertainmentallseizeforourattention.

Andwhilewehavecreatedeverykindoflabor-andtime-savingdevicetoserviceourneeds,wearebeginningtofeellikewehavelesstimeavailabletousthananyotherhumansinhistory.Thatisbecausethegreatproliferationoflabor-and-time-savingservicesonlyincreasesthediversity,paceandflowofcommodifiedactivityaroundus.Forexample,e-mailisagreatconvenience.However,wenowfindourselvesspendingmuchofourdayfranticallyrespondingtoeachother’selectronicmessages.Thecellphoneisagreattime-saver.Exceptnowwearealwayspotentiallyinreachofsomeoneelsewhowantsourattention.

Socialconservativestalkaboutthedeclineincivilityandblameitonthelossofamoralcompassandreligiousvalues.Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?

Maybeweneedtoaskwhatkindsofconnectionsreallycountandwhattypesofaccessreallymatterinthee-economyera.Ifthisnewtechnologyrevolutionisonlyabouthyperefficiency,thenwerisklosingsomethingevenpreciousthantime—oursenseofwhatitmeanstobeacaringhumanbeing.

1.Theauthorsuggeststhatthemostvaluableresourceintoday’ssocietyis____.

2.Welearnfromthispassagethatmanyexecutivesfeelthat____.

3.Thephrase“thecolonizationoftime”(Para.5)refersto____.

4.Intheseventhparagraphtheauthorsuggeststhat____.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagecouldbe____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Technology

B.Economicassets

C.Accesstoinformation

D.Time

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.technologicaladvancesareessentialtotoday’seconomicsystem

B.technologyhasactuallyledtodeclineintheirqualityoflife

C.longerhoursaremakingtheirworkersmoreimpatientanduncivil

D.technologycanbeblamedformanyoftoday’ssocialproblems

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thefillingofeverymomentoftimewithcommercialtransactions

B.thequestforefficiencyintheworkplace

C.thegrowinguseofelectronicmailandothertime-savingservices

D.theimpactoftechnologyonoursenseoftime

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.newtechnologiesmaymakepeoplemoreimpatient

B.socialconservativesdonotunderstandtheimportanceoftechnology

C.thespeedofmodernculturemayimpactourmoralandreligiousvalues

D.peopleinthetechnologysectorarelesscivilthanthoseinotherfields

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThefutureofthetechnologicalRenaissance

B.EvenCorporateExecutivesGettheBlues

C.TheNewInternetEconomy

D.TheDisadvantagesofToomuchAccess

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthorsuggeststhatthemostvaluableresourceintoday’ssocietyis____.作者認(rèn)為，當(dāng)今社會(huì)最有價(jià)值的資源是____。

A.TechnologyA.技術(shù)

B.EconomicassetsB.經(jīng)濟(jì)資產(chǎn)

C.AccesstoinformationC.獲取信息

D.TimeD.時(shí)間

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第五段“我們的每一個(gè)空閑時(shí)間都被某種形式的商業(yè)聯(lián)系所填滿，使時(shí)間本身成為所有資源中最稀缺的（makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources）?！币虼诉xD。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、B、C選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Welearnfromthispassagethatmanyexecutivesfeelthat____.我們從這篇文章中了解到，許多高管認(rèn)為____。

A.technologicaladvancesareessentialtotoday’seconomicsystemA.技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)當(dāng)今的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系至關(guān)重要

B.technologyhasactuallyledtodeclineintheirqualityoflifeB.科技實(shí)際上導(dǎo)致了他們生活質(zhì)量的下降

C.longerhoursaremakingtheirworkersmoreimpatientanduncivilC.更長時(shí)間的工作讓他們的員工更加不耐煩和無禮

D.technologycanbeblamedformanyoftoday’ssocialproblemsD.今天的許多社會(huì)問題都?xì)w咎于技術(shù)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段“我們?cè)诠ぷ?、家庭和社區(qū)中的生活質(zhì)量提高是否與所有的這些新型互聯(lián)網(wǎng)以及企業(yè)對(duì)企業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)的引入成正比？我曾向歐洲和美國的數(shù)百位首席執(zhí)行官和企業(yè)高管提出過這個(gè)問題。令人驚訝的是，幾乎每個(gè)人都說：‘不，恰恰相反?！币簿褪钦f，他們認(rèn)為，事實(shí)上，科技已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致了生活質(zhì)量的下降。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)當(dāng)今的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系至關(guān)重要”，文章沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“更長時(shí)間的工作讓他們的員工更加不耐煩和無禮”，文中提到“那些引領(lǐng)所謂‘技術(shù)復(fù)興’的人說，他們工作的時(shí)間更長了，壓力更大了，更沒耐心了”，這些引領(lǐng)技術(shù)復(fù)興的人指的是公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)而不是員工，因此該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“今天的許多社會(huì)問題都?xì)w咎于技術(shù)”，社會(huì)問題太過廣泛，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thephrase“thecolonizationoftime”(Para.5)refersto____.“時(shí)間的殖民化”（第5段）指的是____。

A.thefillingofeverymomentoftimewithcommercialtransactionsA.每時(shí)每刻都充斥著商業(yè)交易

B.thequestforefficiencyintheworkplaceB.工作場(chǎng)所對(duì)效率的追求

C.thegrowinguseofelectronicmailandothertime-savingservicesC.越來越多地使用電子郵件和其他省時(shí)服務(wù)

D.theimpactoftechnologyonoursenseoftimeD.科技對(duì)我們時(shí)間觀念的影響

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞Paragraph5與題干信息詞thecolonizationoftime可定位到第五段thecolonizationoftime之后“我們的每一個(gè)空閑時(shí)間都被某種形式的商業(yè)聯(lián)系所填滿（Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection）”由此可推斷“時(shí)間的殖民化”指的就是每時(shí)每刻充滿商業(yè)交易。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“工作場(chǎng)所對(duì)效率的追求”，曲解原文，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷；

C選項(xiàng)“越來越多地使用電子郵件和其他省時(shí)服務(wù)”，曲解原文，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷；

D選項(xiàng)“科技對(duì)我們時(shí)間觀念的影響”，曲解原文，該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Intheseventhparagraphtheauthorsuggeststhat____.在第七段中，作者表示____。

A.newtechnologiesmaymakepeoplemoreimpatientA.新技術(shù)可能會(huì)讓人們更沒有耐心

B.socialconservativesdonotunderstandtheimportanceoftechnologyB.社會(huì)保守派不理解技術(shù)的重要性

C.thespeedofmodernculturemayimpactourmoralandreligiousvaluesC.現(xiàn)代文化的發(fā)展速度可能會(huì)影響我們的道德和宗教價(jià)值觀

D.peopleinthetechnologysectorarelesscivilthanthoseinotherfieldsD.技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的人比其他領(lǐng)域的人更不文明

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞Paragraph7與題干信息可定位到第七段“有沒有人問過，高速文化是否讓我們所有人變得更沒有耐心，更不愿意傾聽、推遲、考慮和反思？（lesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect）”由此可知，作者認(rèn)為新技術(shù)可能會(huì)讓人們沒有耐心。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)保守派不理解技術(shù)的重要性”，文中沒有體現(xiàn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代文化的發(fā)展速度可能會(huì)影響我們的道德和宗教價(jià)值觀”，由第七段可知，這是社會(huì)保守派的觀點(diǎn)，并不是作者的觀點(diǎn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的人比其他領(lǐng)域的人更不文明”，文中沒有體現(xiàn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thebesttitleforthepassagecouldbe____.這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是____。

A.ThefutureofthetechnologicalRenaissanceA.技術(shù)復(fù)興的未來

B.EvenCorporateExecutivesGettheBluesB.即使是企業(yè)高管也會(huì)感到沮喪

C.TheNewInternetEconomyC.新互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)

D.TheDisadvantagesofToomuchAccessD.過多訪問的缺點(diǎn)

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】作者在第一段提出了“新型經(jīng)濟(jì)體系”，接下來的段落主要討論的是新技術(shù)帶來的負(fù)面影響，最后一段提出“也許我們需要問問，在電子經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代，什么樣的連接才是真正重要的，什么樣的訪問才是真正重要的。如果這場(chǎng)新技術(shù)革命僅僅是關(guān)于超高效率，那么我們可能會(huì)失去一些比時(shí)間更寶貴的東西?！本C合全文，文章主要講了過多訪問的缺點(diǎn)，因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)復(fù)興的未來”，文中主要講新技術(shù)帶來的負(fù)面影響，并沒有涉及技術(shù)復(fù)興的未來，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“即使是企業(yè)高管也會(huì)感到沮喪”，是對(duì)文章的片面概括，屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“新互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)”，文中主要講互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的缺點(diǎn)，該選項(xiàng)范圍太廣，屬于過度推斷。

7.單選題

Themayorisawomanwithgreat（

）andthereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialsupport.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intention

B.instinct

C.integrity

D.intensity

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這個(gè)市長是一位非常正直的女士，因此值得我們?cè)谡紊虾徒?jīng)濟(jì)上的支持。

形近詞辨析。Intention意圖，目的;instinct本能，直覺;integrity正直,誠實(shí);intensity強(qiáng)烈，激情。根據(jù)句意判斷C正確。

8.單選題

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy’shairinthesamewayasheusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehats,forexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.

Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarII,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshorteruntiltheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.

Thepopularityofjeansandthe“untidy”lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionsofthetopfashionhouses.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater;anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon’tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou’llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorthinksthatpeopleare（）.

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementseemtolinkfashionto（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,causesoffashionsare（）.

4.Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes（）.

5.Thelastparagraphmostprobablydenotesthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.satisfiedwiththeirappearancet

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldaget

C.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashiont

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashiont

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.confidenceinlifet

B.personaldresst

C.individualhairstylet

D.personalfuturet

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.uniformt

B.variedt

C.unknownt

D.inexplicablet

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.uniformityt

B.formalityt

C.informalityt

D.diversityt

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.careaboutappearanceinformalsituationst

B.fashioninformalandinformalsituationst

C.ignoringappearanceininformalsituationst

D.ignoringappearanceinallsituations

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“在第一段中，作者認(rèn)為人是……”。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段，F(xiàn)ewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare（我們中很少有人能滿足于接受自己本來的樣子）可知A項(xiàng)“對(duì)自己的外表感到滿意”錯(cuò)誤；Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.（在我們十幾歲或二十出頭的時(shí)候，我們比生命中的任何時(shí)候都更擔(dān)心我們的外表以及我們?cè)趧e人眼中的形象）可知，人們?cè)谀贻p的時(shí)候最關(guān)注外表，故B項(xiàng)“老年時(shí)關(guān)心外表”表述不準(zhǔn)確；fewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion（也很少有人有足夠的勇氣忽視流行趨勢(shì)）可知，C項(xiàng)“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有忽視什么是時(shí)尚”正確，而D項(xiàng)“不愿跟隨時(shí)尚潮流”正好與原文相反。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“時(shí)尚雜志和電視廣告似乎把時(shí)尚和……聯(lián)系了起來”。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.（他們告訴我們，如果我們這樣做，我們就能自信地認(rèn)識(shí)新朋友，從容自信地應(yīng)對(duì)各種情況）可知，時(shí)尚雜志和電視廣告把時(shí)尚和自信聯(lián)系在了一起，故A項(xiàng)“生活中的自信”正確。B項(xiàng)“個(gè)人服裝”和C項(xiàng)“個(gè)人發(fā)型”是屬于時(shí)尚的具體方面，不符合題意；D項(xiàng)“個(gè)人的未來”屬于無中生有。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，時(shí)尚的原因是……”。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.（是什么導(dǎo)致了時(shí)尚的變化？有時(shí)，便利、實(shí)際需要或僅僅是一個(gè)有影響力的人的幻想就可以建立一種時(shí)尚），由此可知導(dǎo)致時(shí)尚的原因有很多種，所以B項(xiàng)“多種多樣”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)一”、C項(xiàng)“未知”和D項(xiàng)“令人費(fèi)解”均不符合。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“當(dāng)今社會(huì)更加自由和容易，因?yàn)樗鼜?qiáng)調(diào)……”。根據(jù)第五段第二句Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.（在合理的范圍內(nèi)，你可以穿你喜歡的衣服或做你喜歡的發(fā)型，而不是你應(yīng)該的方式，因?yàn)檫@是時(shí)尚）可知，時(shí)尚就是自己可以穿自己喜歡的服裝和發(fā)型，按照自己喜歡的方式來，由此可推斷當(dāng)今社會(huì)更加自由和容易是因?yàn)樗鼜?qiáng)調(diào)非拘謹(jǐn)性，故C項(xiàng)“不拘禮節(jié)”正確。B項(xiàng)“拘謹(jǐn)性”與原文相反；A項(xiàng)“均勻性”未提及；D項(xiàng)“多樣性”，這是導(dǎo)致時(shí)尚的原因。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“最后一段很可能表示……”。最后一段第一句提到Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.（同時(shí)，外表在某些情況下仍然很重要，然后我們必須仔細(xì)選擇我們的衣服），接著舉了兩個(gè)例子加以說明在一些正式的場(chǎng)合中應(yīng)該選擇合適的衣服，所以A項(xiàng)“在正式場(chǎng)合要注重儀表”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“正式和非正式場(chǎng)合的時(shí)尚”，最后一段沒有做出正式和非正式場(chǎng)合的對(duì)比；C項(xiàng)“在非正式場(chǎng)合忽視外表”，這是斷章取義；D項(xiàng)“在任何情況下都忽視外表”與原文不符。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Workersinthefinearts（

）thoughtsandfeelingsthroughtheircreativeworks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transmit

B.elaborate

C.convey

D.contribute

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)transmit表示“傳輸”；B項(xiàng)elaborate表示“精心制作，詳細(xì)描述”；C項(xiàng)convey表示“傳達(dá)”；D項(xiàng)contribute表示“貢獻(xiàn)”。根據(jù)句意可知，精細(xì)工藝的工人通過有創(chuàng)造性的作品來思想和感情。因此，本題選擇C項(xiàng)最符合句意。

10.單選題

Don’tbeafraidofbees.Theydonotnormally（）withoutbeingprovoked.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sing

B.bite

C.prick

D.thrust

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sing“唱歌”；B選項(xiàng)bite“咬”；C選項(xiàng)prick“戳，扎破”；D選項(xiàng)thrust“插，插入”。句意：不要害怕蜜蜂。如果沒有挑釁，它們通常不會(huì)（）人。蜜蜂是咬人，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.翻譯題

Blackshavetraditionallybeenpoorlyeducated--lookatthecrisisinurbanpublicschools--anddeprivedofthesortsofopportunitiesthatcreatethevisionnecessaryfortechnologicalambition.BlackfolkwaysinAmerica,thoseunspoken,largelyunconsciouspatternsofthoughtandbeliefaboutwhatispossiblethatguideaspirationandbehavior,thusdonotencompassphysicsandcalculus.Becominganengineer--unlikebecomingadoctororalawyeroraninsurancesalesman--hasnotbeenseenasawayupinthesegregatedblackcommunity.Thesefolkwaysdevelopedinresponsetoveryrealhistoricalconditions,tothelimitedandatbestambivalentinteractionsbetweenblacksandtechnologyinthiscountry.Folkways,the"consciousnessoftherace,"changeataslowerpacethansocietalconditionsdo--andsoaworkingstrategycanturnintoacripplingblindnessandself-limitation.

【答案】傳統(tǒng)上，黑人受教育程度較低——看看城市公立學(xué)校的危機(jī)就知道了——他們被剝奪了創(chuàng)造技術(shù)抱負(fù)所必需的愿景的各種機(jī)會(huì)。在美國，黑人的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，那些沒有說出口的，在很大程度上是無意識(shí)的思維模式和信仰，引導(dǎo)著人們的愿望和行為，因此不包括物理學(xué)和微積分學(xué)。與成為醫(yī)生、律師或保險(xiǎn)推銷員不同，在種族隔離的黑人社區(qū)里，成為一名工程師并沒有被視為上進(jìn)之道。這些民俗是在真實(shí)的歷史條件下發(fā)展起來的，是這個(gè)國家黑人和技術(shù)之間，有限的并且是矛盾的相互作用下發(fā)展起來的。民俗，也就是“種族意識(shí)”的變化比社會(huì)條件的變化要慢，所以一種有效的策略可能會(huì)變成過度的盲目和自我限制。

12.翻譯題

I’mprettysurenoneofthiswouldhavehappenedifIhadn’tbeenfiredfromApple.Itwasawful-tastingmedicine,butIguessthepatientneededit.Sometimeslifeisgoingtohityouintheheadwithabrick.Don’tlosefaith.I’mconvincedthattheonlythingthatkeptmegoingwasthatIlovedwhatIdid.You’vegottofindwhatyoulove.Andthatisastrueforyourworkasitisforyourlovers.Yourworkisgoingtofillalargepartofyourlife,andtheonlywaytobetrulysatisfiedistodowhatyoubelieveisgreatwork.Andtheonlywaytodogreatworkistolovewhatyoudo.Ifyouhaven’tfoundityet,keeplooking—anddon’tsettle.Aswithallmattersoftheheart,you’llknowwhenyoufindit.Andlikeanygreatrelationship,itjustgetsbetterandbetterastheyearsrollon.Sokeeplooking—don’tsettle.

【答案】我非常確定，如果蘋果公司沒有開除我的話，這一切不會(huì)發(fā)生。這貼藥很苦，但我認(rèn)為病人需要它。有時(shí)候，生活會(huì)用磚頭敲你的腦袋。不要失去信心。我確信唯一讓我不斷前進(jìn)的就是我喜歡我所做的事情。你需要找到你喜愛的東西，對(duì)于工作是如此，對(duì)于你的愛人也是一樣。你的工作將占據(jù)你生活的很大部分，唯一能使你滿意的方法便是做你認(rèn)為偉大的工作，而做偉大工作的唯一方法便是去喜愛你做的事情。如果你還沒有找到你喜歡的事情，繼續(xù)尋找，不要停下來。只要你全心全意去找，當(dāng)你找到時(shí)，你就會(huì)知道的。就像其他任何真誠的感情一樣，隨著歲月的流逝，這種關(guān)系只會(huì)越來越緊密。所以繼續(xù)尋找，不要停下來。

13.單選題

TheSpaceAge（）inOctober1957whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.initiated

B.embarked

C.originated

D.commenced

【答案】D

【解析】initiate啟動(dòng),開始,發(fā)起；embark上飛機(jī),上船;originated起源于,產(chǎn)生;commence開始,著手,獲得學(xué)位,既可作及物動(dòng)詞又可作不及物動(dòng)詞。句意為,自第一顆人造衛(wèi)星由蘇聯(lián)于1957年10月發(fā)射升空起,太空時(shí)代開始了。因此,本題選D。

14.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Afewyearsagoayoungmotherwatchedherhusbanddiaper（給……換尿布）theirfirstbornson,“Youdonothavetobeunhappyaboutit,”sheprotested.“Youcantalktohimandsmilealittle.”Thefather,whohappenedtobeapsychologist,answeredfirmly,“Hehasnothingtosaytome,andIhavenothingtosaytohim.”

Psychologistnowknowhowwrongthatfatherwas.Fromthemomentofbirth,ababyhasagreatdealtosaytohisparents,andtheytohim.Butadecadeorsoago,theseexpertsweredescribingthenewbornasaprimitivecreaturewhoreactedonlybyreflex,ahelplessvictimofitsenvironmentwithoutcapacitytoinfluenceit.Andmothersacceptedthetruth.Mostthought(andsomestilldo)thatanewinfantcouldseeonlyblurry（模糊的）shadows,thathisothersenseswereundeveloped,andthatallherequiredwasnourishment,cleandiapers,andawarmbassinet.

Todayuniversitylaboratoriesacrossthecountryarestudyingnewbornsintheirfirstmonthoflife.Asaresult,psychologistsnowdescribethenewbabyasperceptive,withremarkablelearningabilitiesandanevenmoreremarkablecapacitytoshapehisorherenvironmentincludingtheattitudesandactionsofhisparents.Someresearchersbelievethattheneonatalperiodmayevenbe