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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-六盤水師范學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題
Ifthisevilmanremainedunpunished,oursocialmoralstandard_______.
問題1選項
A.willundermine
B.wouldundermine
C.wouldbeundermined
D.willbeundermined
【答案】C
【解析】考查虛擬語氣。當(dāng)從句為:If+主語+動詞的過去式(be用were),主句則為:主語+would(should;could;might)+動詞原型。故可排除A、D選項。句意:如果這個壞人不受懲罰,我們的社會道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就會被破壞。又因該句中的“社會道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”與“破壞”之間是被動關(guān)系,因此C選項正確。
2.單選題
“John's()wasirritating.Hewasreluctanteventobuybread”
問題1選項
A.jealousy
B.soreness
C.luck
D.parsimony
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)后半句Hewasreluctanteventobuybread.(他甚至連買個面包都很不情愿)可知,他是相當(dāng)吝嗇。A選項為“嫉妒”;B選項為“悲傷,痛苦”;C選項為“幸運”;D項“吝嗇的,過度節(jié)儉”,因此,D項是正確答案。
3.單選題
In(
)oftheoldergirls,eventheten-year-oldshavestartedwearinglipstickandmake-up.
問題1選項
A.adoption
B.admiration
C.application
D.imitation
【答案】D
【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。A選項adoption“采用、收養(yǎng)”;B選項admiration“欽佩、贊賞”;C選項application“應(yīng)用、申請”;D選項imitation“模仿、仿造”。inimitationof固定短語的意思是“模仿”,句意為:即使10歲大的女孩子也開始模仿年齡大點的女孩涂唇膏和化妝。故正確答案選D。
4.單選題
Herdairywasfulloftheinsignificant,happydailythathadmadeupherlife.
問題1選項
A.pursuits
B.trifles
C.trivial
D.premise
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項pursuitsn.追求;B選項triflesn.瑣事,雞毛蒜皮的;C選項trivialadj.不重要的,瑣碎的;D選項premisen.假定,前提。根據(jù)句意可知,她的日記中記載著許多微不足道卻又快樂的生活瑣事。因此,正確答案為B項。
5.單選題
Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingproblems,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-to-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed“intuition”tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.
Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.Iscnberg'srecentresearchonseniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninan“Aha!”experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontoby-passin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.
Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthat“thinking”isindispensablefromacting.Sincemangersoften“know”whatrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actioncycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.
GiventhegreatUncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/issuecyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustimplementingthesolution.
1.Accordingtothepassage,theclassicalmodelofdecisionanalysisincludesallofthefollowing
EXCEPT().
2.Accordingtothepassage,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPT
to().
3.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingabout“writersonmanagement"mentionedinthe
Para.2?
4.Whichofthefollowingbestexemplifies“an‘Aha’experience"asitispresentedinthePara.2?
5.Thepassageprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingstatements?
問題1選項
A.creationofpossiblesolutionstoaproblem
B.establishmentofcleargoalstobereachedbythedecision
C.comparisonoftheprobableeffectsofdifferentsolutionstoaproblem
D.actionundertakeninordertodiscovermoreinformationaboutaproblem
問題2選項
A.identifyaproblem
B.stipulatecleargoals
C.evaluatepossiblesolutionstoaproblem
D.speedupthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem
問題3選項
A.Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingtheclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis.
B.Theyhavereliedindrawingtheirconclusiononwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.?
C.Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecisions.
D.Theyhavenotacknowledgedtheroleofintuitioninmanagerialpractice.
問題4選項
A.Amanagerperformswell-learnedandfamiliarbehaviorpatternsincreativeanduncharacteristicwaystosolveaproblem.
B.Amanagerriskstakinganactionwhoseoutcomeisunpredictabletodiscoverwhethertheactionchangestheproblemathand.
C.Amanagerswiftlydecideswhichofseveralsetsoftacticstoimplementinordertodealwiththecontingenciessuggestedbyaproblem.
D.Amanagersuddenlyconnectsseeminglyunrelatedfactsandexperiencestocreateapatternrelevanttotheproblemathand.
問題5選項
A.Managerssometimescannotjustifytheirintuitiveactions.
B.Logicalanalysisofaproblemincreasesthenumberofpossiblesolutions.
C.Intuitionenablesmanagerstoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently.
D.Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecisionanalysis.
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:C
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第一段“Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingproblems,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.多數(shù)成功的高級管理人員并沒有嚴(yán)格遵循經(jīng)典的決策分析模型,即首先明確目標(biāo),評估問題,制定選擇,估計成功的可能性,做出決定,然后采取行動執(zhí)行決定?!笨芍狝BC三項均為經(jīng)典決策分析法,D項“為發(fā)現(xiàn)有關(guān)問題的更多信息而采取的行動”屬于高級管理人員運用直覺分析的方法。故D項正確。
2.推理判斷題。由第一段“Rather,intheirday-to-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed“intuition”tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.相反,在他們?nèi)粘5膽?zhàn)術(shù)演習(xí)中,這些高級管理人員依靠被模糊地稱為“直覺”的東西來管理一個相互關(guān)聯(lián)的問題網(wǎng)絡(luò),要求他們處理模棱兩可、不一致、新奇和驚奇;并將行動融入到思考的過程中。”可知B項“制定清晰的目標(biāo)”不是高級管理人員運用直覺的目的。”正確。ACD三項在文中都有體現(xiàn)。
3.推理判斷題。由第二段“Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.幾代管理方面的作家都認(rèn)識到,一些實踐中的管理者嚴(yán)重依賴直覺。然而,總的來說,這些作家對直覺的理解很差。”可知C項“他們誤解了管理者在做商業(yè)決策時是如何使用直覺的。”正確。
4.推理判斷題。由第二段“Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninan“Aha!”experience.直覺的第三個功能是將孤立的數(shù)據(jù)和實踐整合成一個完整的畫面,通常是“啊哈!”經(jīng)驗?!笨芍狝ha經(jīng)驗就是將孤立的數(shù)據(jù)整合成一個完整的畫面。故D項“一位經(jīng)理突然將看似不相關(guān)的事實和經(jīng)歷聯(lián)系起來,從而創(chuàng)造出與手頭問題相關(guān)的模式?!闭_。
5.推理判斷題。由第二段“First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.首先,他們直覺地感覺到問題的存在。第二,管理者依靠直覺快速地執(zhí)行經(jīng)過良好學(xué)習(xí)的行為模式。這種直覺不是武斷的或非理性的,而是建立在多年艱苦的實踐和建立技能的實際經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上?!笨芍狢項“直覺使管理者更有效地運用他們的實踐經(jīng)驗?!闭_。
6.單選題
Beforeabout1960,virtuallyallaccountsofevolutionassumedmostadaptationtobeaproductofselectionatthelevelofpopulations;recentstudiesofevolution,however,havefoundno(
)thispervasiveviewofselection.
問題1選項
A.biastoward
B.criticismof
C.basisfor
D.precursorsof
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞組辨析。biastoward“對······的偏見”;criticismof“對······的批評”;basisfor“······的基礎(chǔ)”;precursorsof“······的先驅(qū)者”。句意:在大約1960年以前,幾乎所有對進化的解釋都假定大多數(shù)的適應(yīng)是在群體數(shù)量水平基礎(chǔ)上選擇的產(chǎn)物,但是,近來對于進化的研究沒發(fā)現(xiàn)這種普遍深入的選擇觀點的基礎(chǔ)。由tobeaproductofselectionatthelevelofpopulations;及however表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系可知空格處與前述內(nèi)容意思相反。故C項符合題意。
7.翻譯題
TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.
在今天的中國,平均每天有24萬人成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的新用戶,平均每400個中國人就擁有一個網(wǎng)站。按照目前的發(fā)展速度,再過兩年,中國的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使用者將超過5億,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及率將從目前的25.5%提高到38.5%。對于一個發(fā)展中國家而言,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)能夠如此快速普及是一大奇跡。中國人民從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)受益匪淺。在中國,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正廣泛應(yīng)用于電子政務(wù)、電子商務(wù)、公共教育、新聞傳播等各個領(lǐng)域。電子商務(wù)在中國快速發(fā)展,中國電子商務(wù)交易總額在過去5年保持45%以上的年均增長速度,2008年超過4600億美元。
【答案】InChinatoday,onaverage,240,000peopleperdaybecomenewusersoftheInternetandevery400Chinesepossessonewebsite.Atthecurrentrateofdevelopment,Chinawillhavemorethan500millionInternetusersandtheInternetpenetrationratewillrisefromthecurrent25.5%to38.5%intwoyears.Foradevelopingcountry,therapidpopularizationoftheInternetisamiracle.ChinesepeoplehavebenefitedalotfromtheInternet.InChina,theInternetisbeingwidelyusedinvariousfieldssuchase-government,e-business,publiceducation,journalismandcommunicationandsoon.InChina,E-commerceisdevelopingrapidly.Thetotalvalueofe-commercetransactionsinChinahasmaintainedanaverageannualgrowthrateofmorethan45%overthepastfiveyears,exceeding$460billionin2008.
8.單選題
ToliveintheUnitedStatestodayistogainanappreciationforDahrendorf’sassertionthatsocialchangeexistseverywhere.Technology,theapplicationofknowledgeforpracticalends,isamajorsourceofsocialchange.
Yetwewoulddowelltoremindourselvesthattechnologyisahumancreation;itdoesnotexistnaturally.Aspearorarobotisasmuchaculturalasaphysicalobject.Untilhumansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproducemachineparts,neitherismuchmorethanasolidmassofmatter.Forabirdlookingforanobjectonwhichtorest,aspearorrobotservesthepurposeequallywell.TheexplosionoftheChallengerspaceshuttleandtheRussiannuclearaccidentatChernobyldrivehomethehumanqualityoftechnology;theyprovidecasesinwhichwell-plannedsystemssuddenlywenthaywire(變得混亂)andtherewasnoreadyhandtosetthemright.Sincetechnologyisahumancreation,weareresponsibleforwhatisdonewithit.Pessimistsworrythatwewilluseourtechnologyeventuallytoblowourworldandourselvestopieces.Buttheyhavebeensayingthisfordecades,andsofarwehavemanagedtosurviveandevenflourish.Whetherwewillcontinuetodosointheyearsaheadremainsuncertain.Clearly,theimpactofthetechnologyonourlivesdeservesacloserexamination.
Fewtechnologicaldevelopmentshavehadagreaterimpactonourlivesthanthecomputerrevolution.Scientistsandengineershavedesignedspecializedmachinesthatcandothetasksthatoncepeoplecoulddo.Therearethosewhoassertthattheswitchtoaninformation-basedeconomyisinthesamecampasothergreathistoricalmilestones,particularlytheIndustrialRevolution.YetwhenweaskwhytheIndustrialRevolutionwasarevolution,wefindthatitwasnotthemachines.Theprimaryreasonwhyitwasrevolutionaryisthatitledtogreatsocialchange.Itgaverisetomassproductionand,throughmassproduction,toasocietyinwhichwealthwasnotconfinedtothefew.
Insomewhatsimilarfashion,computerspromisetorevolutionizethestructureofAmericanlife,particularlyastheyfreethehumanmindandopennewpossibilitiesinknowledgeandcommunication.TheIndustrialRevolutionsupplementedandreplacedthemusclesofhumansandanimalsbymechanicalmethods.Thecomputerextendsthisdevelopmenttosupplementandreplacesomeaspectsofthemindofhumanbeingsbyelectronicmethods.Itisthecapacityofthecomputerforsolvingproblemsandmakingdecisionsthatrepresentsitsgreatestpotentialandthatposesthegreatestdifficultiesinpredictingtheimpactonsociety.
1.Aspearorarobothasthequalityoftechnologyonlywhenit________.
2.TheexamplesoftheChallengerandChernobylcitedbytheauthorservetoshowthat________.
3.Accordingtotheauthor,theintroductionofthecomputerisarevolutionmainlybecause________.
4.Byusingthephrase“thehumanqualityoftechnology”(Para.2),theauthorreferstothefactthattechnology________.
問題1選項
A.isusedbothasaculturalandaphysicalobject
B.servesdifferentpurposesequallywell
C.isutilizedbyman
D.canbeofusetobothmanandanimal
問題2選項
A.ifnotgivencloseexamination,technologycouldbeusedtodestroyourworld
B.technologyisahumancreation,soweareresponsibleforit
C.technologyusuallygoeswrong,ifnotcontrolledbyman
D.beingahumancreation,technologyisliabletoerror
問題3選項
A.thecomputerhasrevolutionizedtheworkingsofthehumanmind
B.thecomputercandothetasksthatcouldonlybedonebypeoplebefore
C.ithashelpedtoswitchtoaninformationtechnology
D.ithasagreatpotentialimpactonsociety
問題4選項
A.doesnotexistinthenaturalworld
B.hassomecharacteristicsofhumannature
C.canreplacesomeaspectsofthehumanmind
D.hasagreatimpactonhumanlife
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:A
【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】
Aspearorarobothasthequalityoftechnologyonlywhenit________.一支長矛或一個機器人只有在________的時候才具有科技的特質(zhì)。
A.isusedbothasaculturalandaphysicalobjectA.被用作文化和物理對象
B.servesdifferentpurposesequallywellB.滿足不同目的
C.isutilizedbymanC.被人類使用
D.canbeofusetobothmanandanimalD.對人和動物都有用
【答案】C
【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞Aspearorarobot定位到第二段第一、二句,該處講到“一支長矛或一個機器人(Aspearorarobot)既是物理對象,也是文化對象。在人類使用長矛狩獵或機器人制造機器部件之前(humansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproducemachineparts),它們都不過是一塊物體?!?,可知矛或機器人只有被人使用的時候才具有科技特性,因此C選項正確。
【干擾項排除】
A選項“被用作文化和物理對象”:由解題思路可知“一支長矛或一個機器人(Aspearorarobot)既是物理對象,也是文化對象”,但是它們只有被人使用時才具有科技特性,屬于偷換概念;
B選項“滿足不同目的”:文中沒有提到其條件是滿足不同目的,屬于無中生有;
D選項“對人和動物都有用”:對應(yīng)第二段第四句“對于鳥(bird)來說,找一個棲息的物體,矛或機器人也能起到同樣的作用(thepurposeequallywell)?!保鼈兂藢θ祟愑杏?,對動物也是如此,但這不等同于有用就是具有科技特性,屬于偷換概念。
第2題:【選項釋義】
TheexamplesoftheChallengerandChernobylcitedbytheauthorservetoshowthat________.作者引用的挑戰(zhàn)者號和切爾諾貝利的例子說明了________。
A.ifnotgivencloseexamination,technologycouldbeusedtodestroyourworldA.如果不仔細(xì)研究,科技可能會被用來毀滅我們的世界
B.technologyisahumancreation,soweareresponsibleforitB.科技是人類創(chuàng)造的,所以我們要對它負(fù)責(zé)
C.technologyusuallygoeswrong,ifnotcontrolledbymanC.如果不受人控制,科技通常會出錯
D.beingahumancreation,technologyisliabletoerrorD.作為人類的創(chuàng)造物,科技很容易出錯
【答案】B
【考查點】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞ChallengerandChernobyl定位到第二段第五句,該處講到“挑戰(zhàn)者號(Challenger)航天飛機的爆炸和俄羅斯切爾諾貝利(Chernobyl)核事故充分說明了科技的人性化”,結(jié)合該段第六句“既然科技是人類的創(chuàng)造物(humancreation),我們要對用它來做什么負(fù)責(zé)(responsible)?!保芍髡哂眠@兩個例子是為了說明人類創(chuàng)造了科技,就要對此負(fù)責(zé),因此B選項正確。
【干擾項排除】
A選項“如果不仔細(xì)研究,科技可能會被用來毀滅我們的世界”:對應(yīng)第二段倒數(shù)第四句“悲觀主義者擔(dān)心(Pessimistsworry),我們最終會用我們的技術(shù)把我們的世界和我們自己炸成碎片?!保约霸摱巫詈笠痪洹翱萍紝ξ覀兩畹挠绊懼档酶屑?xì)地研究(closerexamination)”,倒數(shù)第四句以悲觀者的擔(dān)心點出對科技負(fù)責(zé)的重要性,最后一句總結(jié)上文擔(dān)心科技造成危害以及帶來繁榮的不同觀點,而不是說如果不仔細(xì)研究,科技就會毀滅世界,屬于偷換概念;
C選項“如果不受人操控,科技通常會出錯”:文中沒有提到科技沒有人操控的時候經(jīng)常出錯,屬于無中生有;
D選項“作為人類的創(chuàng)造物,科技很容易出錯”:文中沒有提到科技很容易出錯,屬于無中生有。
第3題:【選項釋義】
Accordingtotheauthor,theintroductionofthecomputerisarevolutionmainlybecause________.作者認(rèn)為,計算機的引入是一場革命,主要是因為________。
A.thecomputerhasrevolutionizedtheworkingsofthehumanmindA.計算機徹底改變了人類的思維方式
B.thecomputercandothetasksthatcouldonlybedonebypeoplebeforeB.計算機可以做以前只能由人做的工作
C.ithashelpedtoswitchtoaninformationtechnologyC.它已經(jīng)幫助人們轉(zhuǎn)向信息科技
D.ithasagreatpotentialimpactonsocietyD.它對社會有巨大的潛在影響
【答案】D
【考查點】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞revolution定位到第三段第一句,該處講到“沒有什么技術(shù)發(fā)展比計算機革命(computerrevolution)對我們生活的影響更大(greaterimpactonourlives)?!?;第三段倒數(shù)第二句“工業(yè)革命具有革命性的主要原因是它導(dǎo)致了巨大的社會變革(greatsocialchange)?!碧岬焦I(yè)革命被視為革命的原因是極大地改變了社會;結(jié)合第四段第一句和最后一句“與此類似(Insomewhatsimilarfashion),計算機有希望徹底改變(promisetorevolutionize)美國人的生活結(jié)構(gòu)……計算機解決問題和做決定的能力代表了它最大的潛力(greatestpotential)”,作者把計算機革命和工業(yè)革命進行類比,表明計算機革命具有改變社會的巨大潛力,因此D選項正確。
【干擾項排除】
A選項“計算機徹底改變了人類的思維方式”:對應(yīng)第四段第一句“計算機解放了人類的思維(freethehumanmind),在知識和交流方面開辟了新的可能性。”,計算機解放了人的思維,但沒有到徹底改變的程度,屬于推理過度;
B選項“計算機可以做以前只能由人做的工作”:對應(yīng)第三段第二句“科學(xué)家和工程師設(shè)計了專門的機器(machines),這些機器可以完成曾經(jīng)只有人類可以完成的任務(wù)(tasksthatoncepeoplecoulddo)?!?,這里指的是機器,而非計算機,屬于張冠李戴;
C選項“它已經(jīng)幫助人們轉(zhuǎn)向信息科技”:對應(yīng)第三段第三句“向信息經(jīng)濟的轉(zhuǎn)變(switchtoaninformation-basedeconomy)與其他重大歷史里程碑,尤其是工業(yè)革命,屬于同一陣營?!?,這里轉(zhuǎn)向信息經(jīng)濟本身不是稱為革命的原因,其原因是隨之而來的巨大影響,主次顛倒,屬于本末倒置。
第4題:【選項釋義】
Byusingthephrase“thehumanqualityoftechnology”(Para.2),theauthorreferstothefactthattechnology________.作者用的短語“科技的人性化特質(zhì)”(第二段)指的是科技________。
A.doesnotexistinthenaturalworldA.在自然界中不存在
B.hassomecharacteristicsofhumannatureB.具有人類本性的一些特征
C.canreplacesomeaspectsofthehumanmindC.可以代替人類思想的某些方面
D.hasagreatimpactonhumanlifeD.對人類生活有巨大影響
【答案】A
【考查點】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中出處提示詞Para.2和信息詞thehumanqualityoftechnology定位到第二段第五句,該處講到“挑戰(zhàn)者號航天飛機的爆炸和俄羅斯切爾諾貝利核事故充分說明了科技的人性化(thehumanqualityoftechnology)”;該段第一句“我們最好提醒自己,科技是人類的創(chuàng)造;它不是自然存在的(notexistnaturally)?!保@一句拋出論點,隨即用矛與機器、挑戰(zhàn)者號與切爾諾貝利的例子佐證,證明科技由人創(chuàng)造,其人性化特質(zhì)說明科技不是自然存在的,因此A選項正確。
【干擾項排除】
B選項“具有人性的一些特征”:對應(yīng)第二段第五句“挑戰(zhàn)者號航天飛機的爆炸和俄羅斯切爾諾貝利核事故充分說明了科技的人性化(thehumanqualityoftechnology);在這些案例中,規(guī)劃良好的系統(tǒng)突然失控(haywire),沒有現(xiàn)成的人手使其恢復(fù)運轉(zhuǎn)(noreadyhandtosetthemright)。”,這里的人性化特質(zhì)指的是需要由人操控,而不是科技具有人類的本性,屬于偷換概念;
C選項“可以代替人類思想的某些方面”:對應(yīng)文章倒數(shù)第二句“計算機通過電子手段取代了人類思維的某些方面(replacesomeaspectsofthemindofhumanbeings)”,這里是在說明計算機的作用,而不是解釋題干中的短語意思,屬于偷換概念;
D選項“對人類生活有巨大影響”:本選項和題干中短語的意思無關(guān),屬于偷換概念。
9.單選題
Thefirewasfinallybroughtundercontrol,butnot(
)extensivedamagehadbeencaused.
問題1選項
A.before
B.since
C.after
D.as
【答案】A
【解析】考查介詞辨析。before“在…之前”;since“自…以來”;after“在…之后”;as“因為”。句意:盡管這場火災(zāi)最終得到了控制,但仍然造成了大量的損害。由butnot轉(zhuǎn)折否定關(guān)系可知火災(zāi)已經(jīng)造成了大量損害,大量損害發(fā)生在前,火災(zāi)控制在后。故A項正確。
10.單選題
Inasocietywhereallaspectsofourlivesaredictatedbyscientificadvancesintechnology,scienceistheessenceofourexistence.Withoutthevastadvancesmadebychemists,physicists,biologist,geologist,andotherdiligentscientists,ourstandardsoflivingwoulddecline,ourflourishing,wealthynationmightcometoaneconomicdepression,andourpeoplewouldsufferprovidedbyscience,yetourliveswouldbealteredinterminablywithoutthem.
Healthcare,oneoftheaspectsofoursocietythatseparatesusfromourarchaicancestors,isfoundedexclusivelyonscientificdiscoveriesandadvances.Withoutthevaccinescreatedbydoctors,diseasesuchaspoliomeasles,hepatitis,andthefluwouldposeathreattoourcitizens,foralthoughsomeofthesediseasemaynotbedeadly,theirsideeffectscanbeavastdetrimenttoanindividualaffectedwiththedisease.
Inaddition,sciencehasdevelopedperhapsthemostawe-inspiring,vitalinventioninthehistoryoftheworld,thecomputer.Withoutthepresenceofthismachine,ourworldcouldexist,buttheconveniencebroughtintolifebythecomputerareunparalleled.
Despitethegreatnessofpresent-dayinnovatorsandscientistsandtheirrevelations,itisrequisitetoexaminetheamenitiesofsciencethatourculturesoblatantlydisregards.Forinstance,thelightbulb,electricity,thetelephone,runningwater,andtheautomobilearepresent-daystaplesofoursociety;however,theywerenotpresentuntilscientistsdiscoveredthem.
Becauseofthecontributionofscientist,ourworldisevermetamorphosing,andthismetamorphosiseconomicallyandpersonallycompriseoursociety,whetheroursocietyiscognizantofthisornot.
1.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorimpliesthatwe().
2.Theauthoruseshealthcareandvaccinestoillustrate().
3.Nothing,accordingtotheauthor,canmatchtheinventionofthecomputerintermof().
4.Theauthorseemstobeunhappyabout().
5.Theauthor’stoneinthepassageis().
問題1選項
A.wouldnotsurvivewithoutscience
B.taketheamenitiesofscienceforgranted
C.couldhaveraisedthestandardsoflivingwithscience
D.wouldbefreeofdiseasebecauseofscientificadvances
問題2選項
A.howsciencehasbeendeveloped
B.whatsciencemeanstosociety
C.whatthenatureofscienceis
D.howdiseaseaffectssociety
問題3選項
A.power
B.novelty
C.benefits
D.complexity
問題4選項
A.people'signoranceoftheirculture
B.people'signoringtheamenitiesofscience
C.people'smakingnocontributionstosociety
D.people’smisunderstandingofscientificadvances
問題5選項
A.critical
B.cognizant
C.appreciative
D.paradoxical
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:C
【解析】第1題:1.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】判斷推理題。第一段指出:Withoutthevastadvancesmadebychemists,physicists,biologist,geologist,andotherdiligentscientists,ourstandardsoflivingwoulddecline…(沒有化學(xué)家、物理學(xué)家、生物學(xué)家、地質(zhì)學(xué)家和其他勤奮的科學(xué)家所取得的巨大進步,我們的生活水平就會下降),由此推斷C項“有了科學(xué),我們的生活水平才得以提高”正確。
2.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】判斷推理題。第二段開頭指出:Healthcare,oneoftheaspectsofoursocietythatseparatesusfromourarchaicancestors,isfoundedexclusivelyonscientificdiscoveriesandadvances(醫(yī)療保健是社會的一個方面,它將我們與古老的祖先區(qū)分開來,它完全建立在科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)和進步的基礎(chǔ)上),后面又以疫苗為例,其實是為了論證本文主題:科學(xué)對社會的重要性。故選B項。
3.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第三段指出:此外,科學(xué)已經(jīng)發(fā)明出也許是世界歷史上最令人敬畏、最重要的發(fā)明——計算機。沒有這臺機器,世界的確可以存著,但是計算機給生活帶來的便利是無與倫比的。因此C項“益處,用處”正確。
4.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。倒數(shù)第二段開頭指出:盡管如今的創(chuàng)新者和科學(xué)家奉獻了他們的偉大成就和成果,但我們有必要審查(重視)科學(xué)帶來的便利,這在我們的文化中往往是被公然漠視的。后面作者又舉例說明是科學(xué)家們發(fā)明了燈泡、電、電話等必需品。因此,B項“人們忽視了科學(xué)帶來的便利”正確。
5.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】觀點態(tài)度題。作者通篇都在強調(diào)科學(xué)對我們的意義和重要性,通過“scienceistheessenceofourexistence”以及“Becauseofthecontributionofscientist,ourworldisevermetamorphosing”等字眼可以看出,作者的語氣是感激的,欣賞的。故選C。
第2題:
第3題:
第4題:
第5題:
11.單選題
Archaeologicalliteratureisrichindescriptionsofpotmaking.Unlikemodernindustrialpotters,prehistoricartisanscreatedeachoftheirpiecesindividually,usingthesimplesttechnologybutdemonstratingremarkableskillinmakingandadorningtheirvessels.
Theclayusedinprehistoricpotmakingwasinvariablyselectedwiththeutmostcare:oftenitwastradedoverconsiderabledistances.Theconsistencyoftheclaywascrucial:itwaspoundedmeticulouslyandmixedwithwatertomakeitentirelyevenintexture.Bycarefulkneading,thepotterremovedtheairbubblesandmadetheclayasplasticaspossible,allowingittobemoldedintoshapeasthepotwasbuiltup,Whenapotisfired,itlosesitswaterandcancrack,sothepotteraddedatempertotheclay,asubstancethathelpedreduceshrinkageandcracking.
Sincesurfacefinishesprovidedapleasingappearanceandalsoimprovedthedurabilityinday-to-dayuse,thepottersmoothedtheexteriorsurfaceofthepotwithwethands.Oftenawetclaysolution,knownasaslip,wasappliedtothesmoothsurface.Brightlycoloredslipswereoftenusedandformedpainteddecorationsonthevessel.Inlatertimes.Glazescameintouseinsomeareas.Aglazeisaformofslipthatturnstoaglasslikefinishduringhigh-temperaturefiring.Whenaslipwasnotapplied,thevesselwasallowedtodryslowlyuntiltheexternalsurfacewasalmostlikeleatherintexture.Itwasthenrubbedwitharoundstoneorsimilarobjecttogiveitashiny,hardsurface.Somepotswereadornedwithincisedorstampeddecorations.
Mostearlypotterywasthenfiredoveropenhearths.Thevesselswerecoveredwithfast-burningwood;asitburned,theasheswouldallaroundthepotsandbakethemevenlyoverafewhours.Farhighertemperatureswereattainedinspecialovens,knownaskilns,whichwouldnotonlybaketheclayandremoveitsplasticity,butalsodissolvecarbonsandironcompounds.Kilnswerealsousedforglazing,whentwofiringswereneeded.Oncefired,thepotswereallowedtocoolslowly,andsmallcrackswererepairedbeforetheywerereadyforuse.
54.Whatdoesthepassa
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