考研考博-英語-四川衛(wèi)生康復(fù)職業(yè)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川衛(wèi)生康復(fù)職業(yè)學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.翻譯題

中國作為一個發(fā)展中國家，面臨著發(fā)展經(jīng)濟和保護環(huán)境的雙重任務(wù)。然而，我國人口眾多，資源相對不足，經(jīng)濟規(guī)模越來越大，經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與資源和環(huán)境之間的矛盾日益突出。環(huán)境污染嚴重，生態(tài)狀況惡化、資源耗費巨大、回收率低而導致環(huán)境破壞等問題，已成為中國經(jīng)濟保持可持續(xù)發(fā)展的瓶頸。

從國情出發(fā)，中國在全面推進現(xiàn)代化的進程中，已將環(huán)境保護視為一項基本國策，將實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟可持續(xù)發(fā)展視為一項重要戰(zhàn)略，同時在全國范圍內(nèi)開展污染防治工作和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護活動，環(huán)境惡化的狀況基本得到了控制。實踐證明，我們協(xié)調(diào)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與環(huán)境保護兩者之間關(guān)系的做法是行之有效的。人類發(fā)展只有合理地利用自然界，與自然界保持和諧關(guān)系，才能維持和發(fā)展人類所創(chuàng)造的文明，才能與自然界共生共榮、協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。中國作為國際社會的成員，在努力保護自己環(huán)境的同時，還積極參與國際環(huán)保事務(wù)，促進國際環(huán)保合作，并認真履行國際義務(wù)。所有這些都充分表明了中國政府和人民保護全球環(huán)境的誠意和決心。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Asadevelopingcountry,Chinaisconfrontedwiththedualtaskofdevelopingitseconomyandprotectingitsenvironment.However,acountrywithalargepopulation,relativeinsufficiencyofnaturalresourcesandanexpandingeconomy,Chinasuffersanincreasinglysignificantdisparitybetweeneconomicdevelopmentandnaturalresourcesandtheenvironment.Theseriousenvironmentalproblemcausedbyseverepollution,deterioratingecologicalconditions,hugeconsumptionofresourcesandlowreclamationhasalreadybecomeabottleneckforthesustainabledevelopmentoftheChineseeconomy.

Proceedingfromitsactualconditions,Chinahas,intheprocessofpromotingitsoverallmodernizationprogram,madeenvironmentalprotectiononeofitsbasicstatepolicies,regardedtherealizationofsustainedeconomicdevelopmentasanimportantstrategyandmeanwhile,carriedoutnationwidecampaignsforpollutionpreventionandtreatmentaswellasenvironmentandecologyconservation,theconditionsofenvironmentaldegradationhavebeencontrolledfundamentally.Practiceshowsthatourpracticeofcoordinatingtherelationshipbetweeneconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotectioniseffective.Onlyifmanmakesreasonableuseofnatureandkeepsaharmoniousrelationshipwithitintheprocessofdevelopmentcanthecivilizationcreatedbyhimbemaintainedanddeveloped,canhesharesubsistenceandglorywithnatureanddevelopwithnatureinacoordinatingway.Asamemberoftheinternationalcommunity,China,whilemakinggreateffortstoprotectitsownenvironment,hastakenanactivepartininternationalenvironmentalaffairs,striventopromoteinternationalcooperationinthefieldofenvironmentalprotection,andearnestlyfulfilleditsinternationalobligations.AllthosehavegivenfullexpressiontothesincerityanddeterminationoftheChinesegovernmentandpeopletoprotecttheglobalenvironment.

2.單選題

Weall______yourcomingtohelpus.

問題1選項

A.appropriate

B.appreciate

C.admit

D.affect

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項appropriate“盜用；撥（專款等）”；B選項appreciate“欣賞；感激”；C選項admit“承認（不好、不快或?qū)擂蔚氖聦崳?；D選項affect“（感情上）深深打動；使悲傷（或憐憫等）”。句意：我們都______你來幫助我們。根據(jù)語境，這里幫助對應(yīng)的應(yīng)該是B選項appreciate“欣賞；感激”。因此B選項正確。

3.單選題

Manynovelsthatattempttomirrortheworldarereally___oftherealitythattheyrepresent.

問題1選項

A.reflections

B.demonstrations

C.illuminations

D.reproductions

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.reflections反射B.demonstrations示范；展示

C.illuminations啟發(fā)；闡釋D.reproductions復(fù)制品

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格前that引導一個定語從句，先行詞是novel，這里mirror做動詞表反映，意思為反映世界的小說；空格后of短語做后置定語，表示所代表事實的……；根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該是反映世界的小說是所代表事實的反映。這兩處應(yīng)該相對應(yīng)。綜上所述，A選項reflections“反射”可引申為此句所需的邏輯“反映”以滿足上述條件。

【干擾項排除】

B選項demonstration表示清楚細致地展示；

C選項illumination指某物能夠被理解；

D選項reproduction表示復(fù)制出與原物相似的物品。

【句意】許多試圖反映世界的小說的確反映了它們所代表的現(xiàn)實。

4.單選題

Once,ataparty,Iwasintroducedtoafriendofafriend.Weshookhands,Itoldhermyname,shetoldmehers.ThenshedidsomethingthatIwaseversogratefulfor.“Hangon,”shesaid.“Canyousayyournameagain?Iwasn’treallylistening.”Shesavedmefromhavingtolater—possiblyevenatthesameparty—sheepishlyadmitthatI,too,hadalreadyforgottenhername.

AninformalpolloffellowAtlanticstaffersconfirmedmysuspicionthatthisissomethingthathappenstoeventhemostkindandconscientiousamongus.Nosoonerdoessomeoneutterthemostfundamentalfactoidaboutthemselvesthantheinformationfleesourbrainsforever.

Thereareafewreasonswhythisoccurs:

You’renotreallythatinterested:Maybeyou’rejustmakinganappearanceatthispartyandareplanningtoabscondshortlytoasuperiorkick-back.Yourlevelofinterestcanimpacthowwellyouremembersomething.“Somepeople,perhapsthosewhoaremoresociallyaware,arejustmoreinterestedinpeople,moreinterestedinrelationships,”RichardHarris,professorofpsychologyatKansasStateUniversity,toldScienceDaily.“Theywouldbemoremotivatedtoremembersomebody’sname.”

Therearetwotypesofstorageinthebrain:Long-termandshort-term.Theshort-termvarietyiscalled“workingmemory,”anditfunctionslikeaveryleakythermos.Itdoesn’tholdmuchanditspillsstuffoutallthetime.“Youcanholdjustalittlebitofinformationthereandifyoudon’tconcentrateonit,itfadesawayrapidly,”PaulReber,apsychologyprofessoratNorthwesternUniversity,toldmeinanemail.“Informationlikeanameneedstobetransferredtoadifferentbrainsystemthatcreateslong-termmemoriesthatpersistovertime.”

There’snotmuchinaname,frankly.Itdoesn’tactuallytellyouanythingaboutthepersonyou’remeeting,andthusitdoesn’tgiveyourbrainanythingtoclingto.“Humanmemoryisverygoodatthingslikefacesandfactualinformationthatconnectswelltootherinformationyoualreadyknow,”Rebersaid.Thenameendsupneitherconnectingtowhatyoualreadyknownorstandingoutasunusual,”Rebersaid.“Soyougetthisfunnyphenomenonwhereyoucanrememberlotsaboutapersonyourecentlymet—everythingexcepttheirname(thishappenstomeallthetime).”

1.Theauthorpointsoutinthefirsttwoparagraphsthat（）.

2.AccordingtoRichardHarris,howwellwerememberanameisrelatedto（）.

3.WhatistheproblemmentionedinParagraph5?

4.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph6thatnamesare（）.

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項

A.wewanttoknowhowtorememberotherpeople’sname

B.weoftenfeelsorryforforgettingotherpeople’sname

C.itisimportanttorememberotherpeople’sname

D.itisjustcommontoforgetotherpeople’sname

問題2選項

A.whetheritisnecessarytodoit

B.whetherthenameiseasytoremember

C.howgoodourmemoryis

D.howinterestedweareinthatperson

問題3選項

A.Limitofworkingmemory.

B.Confusinginformation.

C.Malfunctionofthebrain.

D.Toomuchinformation.

問題4選項

A.symbolic

B.pointless

C.unique

D.informative

問題5選項

A.What’sinaname?

B.What’syourname,again?

C.Don’tforgetmyname

D.That’smyname

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。前兩段作者根據(jù)自己的親身經(jīng)歷講述我們經(jīng)常忘記別人的名字。該題的解題關(guān)鍵在于要聯(lián)系上下文，第三段說道“Thereareafewreasonswhythisoccurs:

（出現(xiàn)這種情況有以下幾個原因：）”，那么最能承接這句話的就是正確答案。A選項“我們想知道如何記住別人的名字”；B選項“我們常常因為忘記了別人的名字而感到抱歉”；C選項“記住別人的名字是很重要的”都和下文聯(lián)系不大，所以D選項“忘記別人的名字是很正常的”正確。

2.事實細節(jié)題。第四段中指出“Yourlevelofinterestcanimpacthowwellyouremembersomething.（你的興趣程度會影響你記憶的好壞。）”，RichardHarris的研究指出也表明“Somepeople,perhapsthosewhoaremoresociallyaware,arejustmoreinterestedinpeople,moreinterestedinrelationships（有些人可能更有社會意識，對人更感興趣，對人際關(guān)系更感興趣。）”，A選項“是否有必要做這件事”；B選項“名字是否容易被記住”；C選項“我們的記憶力有多好”都與原文不符，因此D選項“我們對那個人有多感興趣”正確。

3.推理判斷題。第五段主要講了短時記憶即工作記憶的缺點?！癟heshort-termvarietyiscalled‘workingmemory’,anditfunctionslikeaveryleakythermos.Itdoesn’tholdmuchanditspillsstuffoutallthetime.（短期記憶被稱為‘工作記憶’，它的功能就像一個漏水的保溫瓶。它裝不了多少東西，還總是把東西倒出來。）”。B選項“混亂的信息”；C選項“大腦功能障礙”；D選項“太多的信息”都不符合段意，因此A選項“工作記憶的限制”正確。

4.事實細節(jié)題。第六段說到“There’snotmuchinaname,frankly.Itdoesn’tactuallytellyouanythingaboutthepersonyou’remeeting,andthusitdoesn’tgiveyourbrainanythingtoclingto.（坦白地說，名字里并沒有什么。它實際上并沒有告訴你任何關(guān)于你要見的人的信息，因此它也沒有給你的大腦任何依附的東西。）”，由此可看出名字是沒有什么實際意義的。A選項“符號”；C選項“獨特的”；D選項“信息量大的”都不符合原文，因此B選項“沒有意義的”正確。

5.主旨大意題。由文章第一段可知我們經(jīng)常忘記別人的名字，文章后面幾段在闡述為什么會有這種現(xiàn)象。所以B選項“請再說一遍你的名字好嗎？”更加符合文章主旨大意。A選項“名字里有什么”；C選項“別忘了我的名字”；D選項“那是我的名字”都沒有B選項適合。因此B選項正確。

5.不定項選擇題

TheestablishmentoftheThirdReichinfluencedeventsinAmericanhistorybystartingachainofeventswhichculminatedinwarbetweenGermanyandtheUnitedStates.Thecompetedestructionofdemocracy,thepersecutionofJews,thewaronreligion,thecrueltyandbarbarismoftheNazis,andespeciallytheplansofGermanyandherallies,ItalyandJapan,forworldconquestcausedgreatindignationinthiscountryandbroughtonfearofanotherworldwar.

WhilespeakingoutagainstHitler’satrocities,theAmericanpeoplegenerallyfavoredisolationistpoliciesandneutrality.

TheNeutralityActsof1935and1936prohibitedtradewithanybelligerentsorloanstothem.In1937thePresidentwasempoweredtodeclareanarmsembargoinwarsbetweennationsathisdiscretion.

AmericanopinionbegantochangesomewhatafterPresidentRoosevelt’s“quarantinetheaggressor”speechatChicago(1937)inwhichheseverelycriticizedHitler’spolicies.Germany’sseizureofAustriaandtheMunichPactforthepartitionofCzechoslovakia(1938)alsoarousedtheAmericanpeople.

TheconquestofCzechoslovakiainMarch,1939wasanotherrudeawakeningtothemenaceoftheThirdReich.InAugust,1939cametheshockoftheNazi-sovietPactandinSeptembertheattackonPolandandtheoutbreakofEuropeanwar.

TheUnitedStatesattemptedtomaintainneutralityinspiteofsympathyforthedemocraciesarrayedagainsttheThirdReich.TheNeutralityActof1939repealedthearmsembargoandpermitted“cashandcarry”exportsofarmstobelligerentnations.Astrongnationaldefenseprogramwasbegun.

Adraftactwaspassed(1940)tostrengthenthemilitaryservices.ALendAct(1941)authorizedthePresidenttosell,exchange,orlendmaterialstoanycountrydeemednecessarybyhimforthedefenseoftheUnitedStates.HelpwasgiventoBritainbyexchangingcertainoveragedestroyersfortherighttoestablishAmericanbasesinBritishterritoryintheWesternHemisphere.InAugust,1940PresidentRooseveltandPrimeMinisterChurchillmetandissuedtheAtlanticCharterwhichproclaimedthekindofaworldwhichshouldbeestablishedafterthewar.

InDecember,1941,JapanlaunchedtheunprovokedattackontheUnitedStatesatPearlHarbor.Immediatelythereafter,GermanydeclaredwarontheUnitedStates.

1.Oneitemoccurringbefore1937thattheauthordoesnotmentioninhislistofactionsthatalienatedtheAmericanpublicwas_____.

2.TheLend-LeaseActwasdesignedto_____.

3.Americanpolicyduringtheyears1935-1936maybedescribedasbeing______.

4.TheNeutralityActof1939______.

5.WeenteredthewaragainstGermany________.

問題1選項

A.theburningoftheReichstag

B.Germanplansforconquest

C.Nazibarbarism

D.thepersecutionofreligiousgroup

問題2選項

A.helptheBritish

B.strengthenthenationaldefenseoftheUnitedStates

C.promotetheAtlanticCharter

D.avengePearlHarbor

問題3選項

A.watchful

B.isolationist

C.peaceful

D.indifferent

問題4選項

A.permittedthesellingofarmstobelligerentnations

B.antagonizedJapan

C.permittedtheBritishtotradeonlywiththeAllies

D.ledtotheLend-LeaseAct

問題5選項

A.becauseGermanydeclaredwar

B.becauseJapanwasanallyofGermany

C.afterGermanyhadsignedtheNazi-SovietPact

D.afterpeacefuleffortshadfailed

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

Oneitemoccurringbefore1937thattheauthordoesnotmentioninhislistofactionsthatalienatedtheAmericanpublicwas____.有一件事發(fā)生在1937年之前，但作者在他的疏遠美國公眾的行為清單中沒有提到的是____。

A.theburningoftheReichstagA.國會大廈的焚毀

B.GermanplansforconquestB.德國征服計劃

C.NazibarbarismC.納粹暴虐

D.thepersecutionofreligiousgroupD.宗教團體的迫害

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.1第二句，該處講到“對猶太人的迫害（thepersecutionofJews）”“納粹的暴虐（barbarismoftheNazis）”以及“德國征服計劃（theplansofGermany…forworldconquest）”。B、C、D都有提到，只有A沒有。因此選A。

【干擾項排除】

A選項國會大廈的焚毀，屬于無中生有。

2.【選項釋義】

TheLend-LeaseActwasdesignedto____.租借法案的目的是____。

A.helptheBritishA.幫助英國

B.strengthenthenationaldefenseoftheUnitedStatesB.加強美國的國防

C.promotetheAtlanticCharterC.促進《大西洋憲章》

D.avengePearlHarborD.珍珠港報仇

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞Lend-LeaseAct可定位到倒數(shù)第二段第二句“《租借法案》（1941年）授權(quán)總統(tǒng)向他認為保衛(wèi)美國（forthedefenseoftheUnitedStates）所需的任何國家出售、交換或租借材料”。換言之，就是加強美國的國防。比對選項，B選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“幫助英國”，這個法案頒布后確實給英國提供了幫助，但是這不是美國的根本目的。A選項屬于本末倒置；

C選項“促進《大西洋憲章》”，文中沒有提到，C選項屬于無中生有；

D選項“珍珠港報仇”，文中沒有提及兩者的關(guān)系，D選項屬于無中生有。

3.【選項釋義】

Americanpolicyduringtheyears1935-1936maybedescribedasbeing____.美國在1935-1936年間的政策可以被描述為____。

A.watchfulA.注意的；警惕的

B.isolationistB.孤立主義的

C.peacefulC.和平的，愛好和平的

D.indifferentD.冷淡的，不關(guān)心的

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞1935-1936與題干信息詞Americanpolicy可定位到Para.3第一句，該處講到“1935-1936的中立法案（TheNeutralityActsof1935and1936）”。還講到“美國人民普遍支持孤立政策”。比對選項，B選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“警惕的”，屬于無中生有；

C選項“和平的”，屬于無中生有；

D選項“冷淡的”，屬于無中生有。

4.【選項釋義】

TheNeutralityActof1939____.1939年《中立法案》____。

A.permittedthesellingofarmstobelligerentnationsA.允許向交戰(zhàn)國家出售武器

B.antagonizedJapanB.對抗日本

C.permittedtheBritishtotradeonlywiththeAlliesC.允許英國只與協(xié)約國進行貿(mào)易

D.ledtotheLend-LeaseActD.導致了《租借法案》的出臺

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞TheNeutralityActof1939可定位到倒數(shù)第三段第二句，該處講到“廢棄了武器禁運，允許向交戰(zhàn)國家‘現(xiàn)購自運’出口武器”。換言之，允許對交戰(zhàn)國家出口武器。比對選項，A選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“對抗日本”，屬于無中生有；

C選項“允許英國只與協(xié)約國進行貿(mào)易”，屬于無中生有；

D選項“導致了《租借法案》的出臺”，文中沒有提及兩者關(guān)系，D選項屬于過度推斷。

5.【選項釋義】

WeenteredthewaragainstGermany____.我們參加了對德戰(zhàn)爭____。

A.becauseGermanydeclaredwarA.因為德國宣戰(zhàn)了

B.becauseJapanwasanallyofGermanyB.因為日本是德國的盟友

C.afterGermanyhadsignedtheNazi-Soviet

C.在德國簽署了納粹—蘇聯(lián)條約之后

D.afterpeacefuleffortshadfailedD.在和平努力失敗之后

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到最后一段，該處講到“緊接著，德國向美國宣戰(zhàn)”。因為前文一直講到美國處于中立狀態(tài)，所以德國宣戰(zhàn)后美國才參加了對德戰(zhàn)爭。比對選項，A選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“因為日本是德國的盟友”，屬于無中生有；

C選項“在德國簽署了納粹-蘇聯(lián)條約之后”，文中沒有提過，屬于無中生有；

D選項“在和平努力失敗之后”，文中美國一直處于中立狀態(tài)，沒有進行和平努力，屬于無中生有。

6.單選題

Althoughhehaddonemanygreatthings,heneverfeltitnecessaryto_______hisachievements.

問題1選項

A.lavish

B.extravert

C.impose

D.vaunt

【答案】D

【解析】lavish浪費,慷慨給予;extravert使思想外傾;impose征稅,強加;vaunt自夸，吹噓。句意：雖然他做了許多偉大的事情，但他從不覺得有必要夸耀自己的成就。選項D符合句意。

7.單選題

Shehashelpedthousandsofmenandwomen（

）withthingsthatbotherthemandthattheycouldnottalkaboutwithothers.

問題1選項

A.cometothepoint

B.cometoterms

C.comeintoforce

D.comeintocontact

【答案】B

【解析】考察動詞短語辨析。cometothepoint切入要點；cometoterms處理；處置

；comeintoforce生效；comeintocontact取得聯(lián)系。句意：她幫助成千上萬的男女解決了那些困擾他們并且無法跟別人談起的事情，讓他們走出了困境。選項B符合句意。

8.單選題

Theconceptof"civilsociety"hasplayedacentralroleintherecentglobaldebateaboutthepreconditionsfordemocracyanddemocratization.Inthenewerdemocraciesthisphrasehasproperlyfocusedattentionontheneedtofosteravibrantciviclifeinsoilstraditionallyinhospitabletoself-government.Intheestablisheddemocracies,ironically,growingnumbersofcitizensarequestioningtheeffectivenessoftheirpublicinstitutionsattheverymomentwhenliberaldemocracyhassweptthebattlefield,bothideologicallyandgeopolitically.InAmerica,atleast,thereisreasontosuspectthatthisdemocraticdisarraymaybelinkedtoabroadandcontinuingerosionofcivicengagementthatbeganaquarter-centuryago.Highonourscholarlyagendashouldbethequestionofwhetheracomparableerosionofsocialcapitalmaybeunderwayinotheradvanceddemocracies,perhapsindifferentinstitutionalandbehavioralguises.HighonAmerica'sagendashouldbethequestionofhowtoreversetheseadversetrendsinsocialconnectedness,thusrestoringcivicengagementandcivictrust.

InBowlingAlone(2000)Putnamfollowedupwithacomprehensiveexplorationofasubstantialarrayofdatasources.Theevidencebegantolookconvincing.Firstintherealmofcivicengagementandsocialconnectednesshewasabletodemonstratethat,forexample,overthelastthreedecadesofthetwentiethcenturytherehadbeenaFundamentalshiftin:

Politicalandcivicengagement.Voting:politicalknowledge,politicaltrust,andgrassrootspoliticalactivismamalldown.Americanssign30percentfewerpetitionsandare40percentlesslikelytojoinaconsumerboycott,ascomparedtojustadecadeortwoago.Thedeclinesareequallyvisibleinnon-politicalcommunitylife:membershipandactivityinallsortsoflocalclubsandcivicandreligiousorganizationshavebeenfallingatanacceleratingpace.Inthemid-1970stheaverageAmericanattendedsomeclubmeetingeverymonth,by1998thatrateofattendancehadbeencutbynearly60percent.

Informalsocialties.In1975theaverageAmericanentertainedfriendsathome15timesperyear;theequivalentfigure(1998)isnowbarelyhalfthat.Virtuallyallleisureactivitiesthatinvolvedoingsomethingwithsomeoneelse,fromplayingvolleyballtoplayingchambermusic,aredeclining.

Toleranceandtrust.AlthoughAmericansaremoretolerantofoneanotherthanwerepreviousgenerations,theytrustoneanotherless.Surveydataprovideonemeasureofthegrowthofdishonestyanddistrust,butthereareotherindicators.Forexample,employmentopportunitiesforpolice,lawyers,andsecuritypersonnelwerestagnantformostofthiscentury-indeed,Americahadfewerlawyerspercapitain1970thanin1900.Inthelastquartercenturytheseoccupationsboomed,aspeoplehaveincreasinglyturnedtothecourtsandthepolice.

Hewentontoexaminethepossiblereasonsforthisdecline.Crucially,hewasabletodemonstratethatsomefavoritecandidatesforblamecouldnotberegardedassignificant.Residentialmobilityhadactuallybeendecliningforthelasthalfofthecentury.Timepressure,especiallyontwo-careerfamilies,couldonlybeamarginalcandidate.Somefamiliarthemesremainedthough:

Changesinfamilystructure(i.e.withmoreandmorepeoplelivingalone),areapossibleelementasconventionalavenuestocivicinvolvementarenotwell-designedforsingleandchildlesspeople.Suburbansprawlhasfracturedthespatialintegrityofpeople’s.Theytravelmuchfurthertowork,shopandenjoyleisureopportunities.Asaresultthereislesstimeavailable(andlessinclination)tobecomeinvolvedingroups.Suburbansprawlisaverysignificantcontributor.

Electronicentertainment,especiallytelevision,hasprofoundlyprivatizedleisuretime.Thetimewespendwatchingtelevisionisadirectdrainuponinvolvementingroupsandsocialcapitalbuildingactivities.Itmaycontributeupto40percentofthedeclineininvolvementingroups.

However,generationalchangecameoutasaverysignificantfactor.A“l(fā)ongcivicgeneration,"borninthefirstthirdofthetwentiethcentury,isnowpassingfromtheAmericanscene."Theirchildrenandgrandchildren(babyboomersandGenerationX-ers)aremuchlessengagedinmostformsofcommunitylife.Forexample,thegrowthinvolunteeringoverthelasttenyearsisduealmostentirelytoincreasedvolunteeringbyretireesfromthelongcivicgeneration".Thebookalsoexplorestheconsequencesofadeclineinsocialcapital(andthebenefitsenjoyedbythosecommunitieswithasubstantialstockofit),andwhatcanbedone.

Variouscriticismscanbemountedagainsttheargument-andmosttellingly,initially,againstthedataanditsinterpretation-however,Putnamhasmountedaverysignificantandsustainedcasehere-butitisstillopentovariouscriticisms.

1.Accordingtothetext,whichoneofthefollowingstatementistrue?

2.WhichpositionwasNOTstagnantformostofthiscenturyaccordingtoPutnam’sexploration?

3.WhatisthechangeonsigningpetitionsandjoiningboycottsinAmerica?

4.Howdoesthefamilystructureinfluencepeople'scivicinvolvement?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeauthors’opiniononPutnam'sexploration?

問題1選項

A.Americansarenowtendingtotakingpartinnon-politicalactivitiesratherthanpoliticalactivities.

B.Currentcomplaintsindemocraciesmainlyfocusontheintegrityofgovernmentandpoliticians.

C.Americansaremoretolerantofoneanotherthanbeforewhiletheytrusteachotherless.

D.Thereisnoproofthatsuburbansprawlhasanythingtodowithpeople’sinvolvementingroups.

問題2選項

A.Policeofficer

B.Attorneys

C.Securityguard

D.Nursingassistant

問題3選項

A.Peoplesign30%fewerpetitionsandjoin40%fewerboycotts.

B.Peoplesign40%fewerpetitionsandjoin30%fewerboycotts.

C.Peoplesign40%morepetitionsandjoin30%moreboycotts.

D.Peoplesign30%morepetitionsandjoin40%moreboycotts.

問題4選項

A.PeoplefinditmoreinterestingspendingtimewatchingTVratherthangoingoutside.

B.Traditionalwaysoftakingpartincivicactivitiesarepoorforsingleandchildlesscouples.

C.Contradictionsbetweenfamilymemberspreventpeoplefromcivicinvolvement.

D.Ittakestoomuchtimeforpeopletoenjoyleisureopportunities.

問題5選項

A.Itisenoughforustodrawaconclusiononcivicengagementandsocialconnectedness.

B.Morediscussionsarestillneededinsolvingtheproblemsofcivilsociety.

C.ThecaseofAmericanscanbeappliedtomorecountriesandregions.

D.Itisanoverduereportforsocialandethnologicalstudy.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.事實細節(jié)題。第五段指出：AlthoughAmericansaremoretolerantofoneanotherthanwerepreviousgenerations,theytrustoneanotherless(盡管美國人比前幾代人對彼此更加寬容，但他們對彼此的信任卻減少了)，因此，C項“美國人彼此比從前更加寬容和包容，但是彼此間的信任卻減少了”正確。

第2題:2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞stagnant可定位至第五段“…employmentopportunitiesforpolice,lawyers,andsecuritypersonnelwerestagnant”，警察、律師和保安人員的就業(yè)前景變得昏暗。因此，本題選D項“護理助理”。

第3題:3.事實細節(jié)題。第三段指出：Americanssign30percentfewerpetitionsandare40percentlesslikelytojoinaconsumerboycott(美國人簽署的請愿書不到30%，40%的人不那么想?yún)⒓酉M者抵制活動了)，由此可知A項“簽署的請愿書的人不到30%，參與消費者抵制活動的人不到40%”正確。

第4題:4.事實細節(jié)題。題干問的是:家庭結(jié)構(gòu)如何影響人們的公民參與？A：人們發(fā)現(xiàn)看電視比參加戶外活動更有趣。這不是“家庭結(jié)構(gòu)”這一要素所產(chǎn)生的影響，故排除。B：因為傳統(tǒng)參與公共活動的方式不適合單身的和沒孩子的人群。第七段指出：...asconventionalavenuestocivicinvolvementarenotwell-designedforsingleandchildlesspeople(因為傳統(tǒng)參與公共活動的方式不適合單身的和沒孩子的人群)。因此B項正確。C：家庭成員之間的矛盾，使得人們無法參與公共活動，文章并未提及。D：人們沒有太多的時間享受休閑時光。第七段指出：Suburbansprawlhasfracturedthespatialintegrityofpeople's.Theytravelmuchfurthertowork,shopandenjoyleisureopportunities.Asaresultthereislesstimeavailable（andlessinclination）tobecomeinvolvedingroups（市郊的擴張割裂了人們生活空間的完整性。人們必須長途跋涉到更遠的地方去工作、購物和享受閑暇時光。因此，參與團體的時間更少（傾向也更少））。因此D項不正確。綜上所述，本題選B。

第5題:5.判斷推理題。最后一段表明：針對這一論點，有各種各樣的批評——最能說明問題的是，最初的批評是針對數(shù)據(jù)及其解釋的——然而，普特南提出了一個非常重要和持久的論點——但是目前還無法給出一個定論。因此B項“要解決公民社會的問題，還需要大量的討論”正確。

9.單選題

Mr.Smithissupposed（）forItalylastweek.

問題1選項

A.tohaveleft

B.havingleft

C.toleave

D.tobeleaving

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。besupposedtodosth.為固定用法,

意為應(yīng)該做某事,

所以首先排除選項B。選項A表示“已經(jīng)離開”,

選項C表示“準備離開”,

選項D表示“正在離開”。根據(jù)句意：史密斯先生應(yīng)該上個星期就已經(jīng)離開去意大利了,

選項A符合句意。

10.單選題

IsuggestedtheideatotheSalesManager,andhesaidhewould（

）it.

問題1選項

A.lookoutfor

B.lookinto

C.lookthrough

D.lookover

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項“留心，提防”；B選項“調(diào)查，觀察，考慮”；C選項“瀏覽，溫習”；D選項“檢查，原諒”。句意：我向銷售經(jīng)理提出一個建議，他說他將（）。這里提出建議，經(jīng)理肯定是要經(jīng)過思考看是否可行的，所以答案選B。

11.單選題

TheAmericanCivilWarwasafour-yeararmed（1）betweennorthernandsouthernsectionsoftheUnitedStates.ThefightingbeganonApril12,1861,and（2）untilMay1865.

Foralongtime（3）theCivilWar,theNorthandSouthhad（4）eachotheronmanyissues.Mostpeopleinthe（5）wantedtoabolishslavery,oratleasttostopitsspreadtonewstates,（6）theslaveownersoftheSouthheldthat（7）shouldbeallowedeverywhere.

AnotherissuethatdividedtheNorthandSouthwasa（8）one.TheNorthbelievedinastrongcentralgovernment,（9）,thefederalgovernmentshouldhavemorepowerthanthestategovernments.Mostsoutherners,（10）,regar