上海博物館(口譯資料)

上海博物館（口譯專題）上海博物館是一座大型的中國(guó)古代藝術(shù)博物館，館藏珍貴文物12萬(wàn)件，其中尤以青銅器、陶瓷器、書法、繪畫為特色。藏品之豐富、質(zhì)量之精湛，在國(guó)內(nèi)外享有盛譽(yù)。上海博物館創(chuàng)建于1952年，原址在南京西路325號(hào)舊跑馬總會(huì)，由此開始了她的發(fā)展之路。1959年10月遷入河南南路16號(hào)舊中匯大樓，在此期間，上海市政府作出了決策，撥出市中心人民廣場(chǎng)這一黃金地塊，建造新的上海博物館館舍。上海博物館新館于1993年8月開工，1996年10月12日全面建成開放。上海博物館建筑總面積39200平方米，建筑高度29.5米，象征“天圓地方”的圓頂方體基座構(gòu)成了新館不同凡響的視覺效果，整個(gè)建筑把傳統(tǒng)文化和時(shí)代精神巧妙地融為一體，在世界博物館之林獨(dú)樹一幟。新的上海博物館設(shè)有十一個(gè)專館，三個(gè)展覽廳。目前，它正以嶄新的面貌迎接著八方來(lái)客。AsamuseumofancientChineseart,ShanghaiMuseumpossessesacollectionof120,000preciousworksofart.Itsrichandhigh-qualitycollectionofancientChinesebronze,ceramics,paintingandcalligraphyisspeciallycelebratedintheworld.Foundedandfirstopentothepublicinthebuildingpreviouslyofthehorseracingclubat325W.NanjingRoadin1952andthenmovedintotheformerZhonghuiBuildingat16S.HenanRoadin1959,themuseumdevelopedveryquicklyinaspectsofacquisition,conservation,research,exhibition,educationandculturalexchangeswithotherinstitutes.In1992,theShanghaimunicipalgovernmentallocatedtotheMuseumapieceoflandattheverycenterofthecity,thePeople'sSquare,asitsnewsite.Thewholeconstructiontookthreeyears,fromAugust1993toitsinaugurationonOctober12th,1996.The29.5metershighnewbuildinghasaconstructionspaceof39,200squaremeters.Itsuniquearchitecturalformofaroundtopwithasquarebase,symbolizingtheancientChinesephilosophythatthesquareearthisundertheroundsky,isadistinguishedarchitecturalcombinationoftraditionalfeatureandmodernspirit.ThepresentShanghaiMuseumhaselevengalleriesandthreespecialtemporaryexhibitionhalls.Itextendswarmwelcometothevisitorsfromallovertheworld.中國(guó)商周時(shí)代，青銅器是古代社會(huì)文明的重要標(biāo)志。當(dāng)觀眾進(jìn)入中國(guó)古代青銅館時(shí)，館內(nèi)古色古香的深墨綠色的色調(diào)，古樸典雅的木質(zhì)展柜，以及頂部的射燈和柜內(nèi)的燈光照明所營(yíng)造出的氣氛，散發(fā)出濃郁的青銅時(shí)代的文化氣息。1200平方米的展室內(nèi)，陳列了400余件精美的青銅器，完整地反映了中國(guó)古代青銅藝術(shù)發(fā)展的歷史。GalleryofChineseAncientBronzeAsasymbolofChina'sancientcivilizationandculturalheritage,bronzeartifactshavebeenregardedasimportanttreasureseversincetheShangandZhoudynasties.Whenyoustepintothegallery,youwillfeelbeingsurroundedbyamysteriousandartisticatmosphereinwhichancientbronzeartifactsaredisplayedinplainandarchaicwoodenshowcasesandsetoffbydifferentlevelsofillumination.Morethan400piecesofexquisitebronzesareshownwithinthespaceof1,200squaremeters,providinganoverallperspectiveofbronzeartinancientChina.中國(guó)古代雕塑館的氣氛熱烈而莊嚴(yán)，它以金、紅、黑三色為基本色調(diào)，以佛教藝術(shù)中常用的蓮瓣形做隔墻，石窟寺中的佛龕做壁櫥，以及露置的陳列形式，使人有流連于石窟寺的特殊感受。640平方米展廳中的120余件展品上起戰(zhàn)國(guó)、下至明代，體現(xiàn)出不同時(shí)期的創(chuàng)作特色。整個(gè)展室內(nèi)最引人注目的是中國(guó)佛像雕塑藝術(shù)，從北魏佛像的飄逸俊秀、到北齊和隋代佛像的優(yōu)雅洗練、生動(dòng)傳神；從形態(tài)豐滿、姿態(tài)優(yōu)美的唐代造像到清新秀麗、富有世俗情態(tài)的宋代菩薩像，觀眾可以體察到佛教作為一種外來(lái)文化，最終與中國(guó)民族文化融為一體的發(fā)展過(guò)程。GalleryofChineseAncientSculptureUsinggold,redandblackasthreebasiccolors,thegalleryisfullofawarmandseriousatmosphere.Withinaspaceof640squaremeters,morethan120specimensareputeitherinshrine-likeshowcasesseparatedbylotus-petalshapedpartitionsoronopenfreestandingpedestals.Thisspecialdesignandarrangementwillgiveaudienceatruefeelingofwalkingingrottosortemples.Theexhibits,datingbetweentheWarringStatesperiodandtheMingdynasty,revealartisticstylesofChinesesculptureindifferentperiods.ThemostattractivesculpturesareBuddhastatueswithdifferentstyles,suchassimpleanddelicateBuddhastatuesoftheNorthernWei,elegantandvividBuddhastatuesoftheNorthernQiandtheSuidynasties,gorgeouslyshapedandfull-bodiedBuddhastatuesoftheTangdynasty,andnovelandsecularBodhisattvaoftheSongdynasty.AudiencecouldwatchaprocesshowBuddhism,aforeignculture,wasmergingintoChinesetraditionalculture.中國(guó)古代陶瓷為上海博物館的收藏特色之一。展館中綠色的基調(diào)和各個(gè)時(shí)代的陶瓷精品交相輝映，給人帶來(lái)輕松、和諧的感覺。在1300平方米的中國(guó)古代陶瓷館中陳列了陶瓷精品500余件。其中有新石器時(shí)代的彩陶和灰陶、商周及春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)代的原始青瓷、東漢時(shí)代的成熟的青瓷，還有人們熟知的唐三彩。宋、金、遼時(shí)代，各地窯場(chǎng)林立、青釉、白釉、黑釉和彩繪瓷競(jìng)相爭(zhēng)艷，出現(xiàn)了百花齊放的局面。元、明、清三代，景德鎮(zhèn)成為中國(guó)瓷業(yè)的中心，所燒制的釉下彩、釉上彩和顏色釉瓷器更是精美絕倫，聲名遠(yuǎn)播海內(nèi)外。GalleryofChineseAncientCeramicsThecollectionofancientceramicsisanotheruniquefeatureofShanghaiMuseum.Masterpiecesofpotteryandporcelainselectedfromdifferentperiodsaredisplayedinagreenbackground,givingarelaxedandharmoniousatmosphere.Morethan500finespecimensareshowninthespaceof1,300squaremeters,includingpaintedandgraypotteryoftheNeolithicperiod,proto-typeceladonoftheShang,theZhou,theSpringandAutumnandtheWarringStatesperiods,fineceladonoftheEasternHanandfamouspolychrome-glazedpotteryoftheTangdynasty.DuringtheLiao,theSong,andtheJindynasties,celadonkilnsemergedinvariousplacesofChina.Green,white,black-glazedwareandporcelainwithpainteddesignsbecamepopular,thusawidevarietyofporcelainblossomedinlotsofcolor.ThroughouttheYuan,theMingandtheQingdynasties,Jingdezhenwasthecenterofporcelainproductionanditsexquisiteproductsbecamewellknownallovertheworld中國(guó)書法是運(yùn)用毛筆為工具的一種藉線條表現(xiàn)漢字的藝術(shù)。中國(guó)書法藝術(shù)源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)，起始于商代，成熟于東周，兩晉和隋唐時(shí)代書家輩出，書法的探究日益精微。宋、元、明書法以晉唐法度為契機(jī)，不斷創(chuàng)造新技法和新意境，涌現(xiàn)出豐富多姿的個(gè)性風(fēng)格和書藝流派。清代書家廣泛汲取前代書法養(yǎng)料，崇尚北碑之學(xué)，熔凝出新的風(fēng)格。中國(guó)歷代書法館集中了各個(gè)時(shí)期的典型名作，系統(tǒng)地展示了中國(guó)書法藝術(shù)的歷史軌跡。展框、自動(dòng)感應(yīng)的燈光照明和歷代書法精品的巧妙結(jié)合，更使展室散發(fā)陣陣書香。GalleryofChineseCalligraphyCalligraphyisawritingarttoexpressChinesecharactersbyusingbrush.Withanage-oldtradition,ChinesecalligraphyoriginatedintheShangdynastyandmaturedintheEasternZhouperiod.DuringtheJin,theSuiandtheTangdynasties,anumberofdistinguishedcalligraphersemergedandcalligraphicexplorationwereelaborated.Basedontheachievementsofpreviousperiods,newskillsandupdatedartisticconceptionwerecreatedduringtheSong,theYuanandtheMingdynasties,inspiringdiversifiedcalligraphicschoolsandstyles.DuringtheQingdynasty,calligraphersabsorbedtheirpredecessors'merit,advocatedmodelandinscriptiononancientstelesespeciallythoseoftheNorthernWei,andcreatedfreshstyles.ThemasterpiecesofdifferentperiodsaredisplayedchronologicallytorevealadevelopmentaltrajectoryofChinesecalligraphy.Perfectcombinationofshowcases,sensitiveilluminationandexhibitsmakesthisgalleryfullofbrillianttasteofcalligraphicart.中國(guó)歷代璽印館是目前國(guó)內(nèi)外第一個(gè)專題陳列璽印篆刻的藝術(shù)館。展館內(nèi)借助高低錯(cuò)落的展柜，應(yīng)用多種技術(shù)手段，使實(shí)物與輔助陳列相互配合，仿佛讓人進(jìn)入一個(gè)雅致、樸素的璽印寶庫(kù)之中。在380平方米展館內(nèi)，展出璽印篆刻500余件。整個(gè)陳列以印章藝術(shù)的發(fā)展歷史為線索，上自西周，下迄清末，是從館藏一萬(wàn)余枚印章文物中遴選出來(lái)的具有代表性、藝術(shù)性的精品。這些形式豐富、類別多樣的實(shí)物展品，為觀眾展示了中國(guó)印史的悠久歷程和各個(gè)時(shí)期印章的不同風(fēng)貌及其深厚的藝術(shù)內(nèi)涵。GalleryofChineseSealsThisisthefirstgalleryspecificallydesignedfordisplayingChinesesealsintheworld.Byusingmanyadvancedtechniques,specimensaredisplayedinshowcaseswithdifferentlevelsandheightsincoordinationwithsupplementaryexhibition.Inaspaceof380squaremeters,morethan500masterpiecesbetweentheWesternZhouandtheQingdynastyareselectedfromthecollectionovertenthousandpiecesinShanghaiMuseum.ThedisplayfullyillustratesalonghistoryofChinesesealsanddiversifiedstylesindifferenthistoricalperiods.中國(guó)繪畫有著深厚的傳統(tǒng)和獨(dú)特的民族風(fēng)格。它是以毛筆、墨、絹紙為主要工具、以點(diǎn)線結(jié)構(gòu)為主要表現(xiàn)手段的造型藝術(shù)。中國(guó)歷代繪畫館展廳內(nèi)長(zhǎng)廊飛檐，軒窗低欄，頗有傳統(tǒng)古建筑風(fēng)格和儒雅的書卷氣息。為有效地保護(hù)展品和方便觀眾欣賞，展室內(nèi)還采用了自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)光照的感應(yīng)射燈。1200平方米的展廳內(nèi)共陳列歷代繪畫精品120余件，從唐代至近代，各種繪畫門類均有所體現(xiàn)，反映出中國(guó)繪畫的悠久傳統(tǒng)和深厚底蘊(yùn)。GalleryofChinesePaintingsChinesepaintingshavealongtraditionandauniquestyle.Thishasbeenanartbyusing"dotsandlines"asexpressiveskillandbrush,inkstick,silkandXuanpaperasmainimplements.TakingaformoftraditionalChinesearchitecture,thegalleryisarrangedintolongcorridor-likeshowcaseswithlargepanelsofglass,upturnedeavesandlowbanisters.Inordertoprotectancientpaintingsandprovideaudienceswithaclearviewaswell,asensitivelightingsystemisinstalled.Morethan120masterpiecesrangingfromtheTangdynastytothepresentareshownwithinthespaceof1,200squaremeters.Theexhibitionfullydisplaysage-oldtraditionandprofoundfoundationofChinesepaintings.光輝璀璨的中華文化，是各民族相互融匯、共同創(chuàng)造的。各少數(shù)民族在長(zhǎng)期的歷史發(fā)展中，形成了風(fēng)格迥異的文化。中國(guó)少數(shù)民族工藝館館內(nèi)暖色的基調(diào)，新穎別致的陳列設(shè)計(jì)、絢麗多彩的少數(shù)民族工藝品，仿佛使人進(jìn)入中華民族文化藝術(shù)的百花園中，并感受到統(tǒng)一的多民族大家庭其樂(lè)融融的氛圍。在700多平方米的展館內(nèi)，集中陳列了少數(shù)民族的服飾工藝、染織繡、金屬工藝、雕刻品、陶器、漆器、藤竹編和面具藝術(shù)等近600件。表現(xiàn)了少數(shù)民族工藝品絢麗紛繁、巧思獨(dú)具的奇異風(fēng)格ChineseMinorityNationalities’ArtGalleryGloriousChinesecivilizationhasbeencreatedbyvariousnationalities.Duetodive-rsifiedsocialandecologicalenvironments,differentnationalitiesinChinahaveproducedtheirrichandcolorfulcultures.Beingsetoffbyawarmbackground,varioushandicraftsofdifferentnationalitiesprovideaudiencewithahappyandharmoniousatmospherewithinanartisticgardenofChinesenationalities.Morethan600handicraftsareshowninthis700squaremetersgallery,includingcostumes,textiles,embroideries,metalwares,sculpture,pottery,lacquerwares,caneandbambooplaitedvesselsaswellaswoodenmasks.中國(guó)是世界上最早使用貨幣的國(guó)家之一。上海博物館錢幣收藏的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量在中國(guó)錢幣界享有聲譽(yù)。中國(guó)歷代錢幣館以此為基礎(chǔ)，在730平方米展館中，通過(guò)近7000件文物，集中展現(xiàn)了中國(guó)貨幣發(fā)生、發(fā)展和中外經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交流的歷史概貌。在淺灰色的基本色調(diào)的襯托下，這些古代錢幣更凸顯它的悠遠(yuǎn)古樸、千姿百態(tài)。錢幣館內(nèi)還辟有杜維善、譚端言伉儷捐贈(zèng)的絲綢之路中亞古幣專室。GalleryofChineseCoinsChinaisamongtheearliestcountriesintheworldtousecoins.Takingtheadvantageofitssupercollection,ShanghaiMuseumprovidesahistoricaloverviewofChinesecurrencyinthis730squaremetersgallery.Morethan7,000specimensshowahistoricaldevelopmentofancientcoinsandeconomicexchangebetweenancientChinaandforeigncountries.Thelightgrayishbackgroundsetsoffprimitivesimplicityoftheseancientcoins.Inaddition,thereisaspecialshowroomforancientcentral-AsiancoinsfromSilkRoadgenerouslydonatedbyMrandMs.RogerandLindaDoo.中國(guó)古代家具的發(fā)展源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)。明清時(shí)代是我國(guó)古代家具制造的鼎盛期。明清家具雖然在風(fēng)格上迥然不同，但其藝術(shù)成就深受人們贊許。走進(jìn)中國(guó)明清家具館，猶如步入中國(guó)明清時(shí)代的園林宅第，其間青磚粉墻，修竹搖曳，頗有高雅脫俗的情趣。家具館700平方米展廳內(nèi)陳列了明清時(shí)代中國(guó)家具精華100多件。其中，有造型洗練、線條流暢、比例勻稱、榫卯嚴(yán)密的明代家具；有用料寬綽、體態(tài)凝重、裝飾繁縟、厚重華麗的清代家具。為再現(xiàn)古代家具的使用場(chǎng)景，還復(fù)原了明清時(shí)代的廳堂書房。ChineseMingandQingFurnitureGalleryClassicalChinesefurniturehasalonghistoryofdevelopmentandreacheditsclimaxduringtheMingandQingdynasties.AlthoughfurniturebetweentheMingandtheQingdifferedapparentlyinstyle,bothofthemareartisticallysuccessful.Inthis700squaremetersgallery,youwillfeellikewalkinginatraditionalChinesehousewithagardenbehindgrilledwindows.Amongmorethan100piecesoffurniture,therearetheMingfurniturethatweresimplyinstylebutelegantlypreparedortightlyformedbytenon-mortisetech