2022屆全國新高考英語沖刺復(fù)習(xí)-名詞性從句

2022屆全國新高考英語沖刺精品復(fù)習(xí)名詞性從句ー、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞(Correlative)主要有下面幾種。.連接詞that,whether和if(1)連詞that本身無意義,有時(shí)可省略;whether和if本身有意義,均不能省略。that和whether可以連接所有的名詞性從句,而if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),主要引導(dǎo)賓語從句或不在句首的主語從句;if可引導(dǎo)表語從句,但少見。whether可以作介詞賓語,而if則不能。(3)whether引導(dǎo)的句子可以放在復(fù)合句的句首，而if引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞后面。引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),if和whether可以互換,在口語中多用if,但賓語從句位于主句之前時(shí)，只用whether。whether后可以接不定式,而if則不能。whetherorno意為“無論如何,不管”,不可說ifomoo(6)動(dòng)詞wonder可以接f或whether從句,也可以接that從句。(7)動(dòng)詞doubt(懷疑,不知道)的肯定句接if或whether從句,但否定式don'tdoubt和疑問式Doyoudoubt要接that從句;doubt作“不信”解,表示強(qiáng)烈的不相信時(shí),在陳述句中可接that從句。(8)if和whether常用在see,ask,try,wonder,know等動(dòng)詞后。（9）可以說nomatterwhether或nomatterif0（10）這三個(gè)連詞在句中只起連接作用,不擔(dān)任句子成分。Thathesurvivedtheaccidentisamiracle.他在這場(chǎng)事故中幸免于難,真是奇跡。（主語從句）Whethershecomesornotmakesnodifference.她來不來都沒有關(guān)系。（句首主語從句,不用f引導(dǎo)）Itisdoubtfulwhetherheiscoming.他是否來不得而知。（可用if?主語從句,但不在句首）Idon'tknowwhetherhewillattendtheconcert.我不知道他是否去參加音樂會(huì)。（可用if,賓語從句）Theproblemis（that）wecan'tgetthereearlyenough.問題是我們不能很早到達(dá)那里。（表語從句）Ihaven'tsettledthequestionofwhetherI'lllendhimthemoney.我還沒有決定是否把錢借給他。（不用if,作介詞的賓語）Hedidn'tknowwhethertogetmarriedortowait.他不知道是現(xiàn)在結(jié)婚,還是等等再說。（不用if）Thequestionwhetherheshouldjointheteamhasnotbeendecidedupon.他是否加入這個(gè)隊(duì)的問題還沒有決定。（不用if,同位語從句）Thequestioniswhetheritisworthtrying.問題是這是否值得一試。（不用if,表語從句）Nomatterwhethershecomesornot,we'llgotheretomorrow.不管她來不來,我們明天都將去那兒。WhatI'manxioustoknowiswhetherthelibraryisopennow.我急于想知道的是圖書館現(xiàn)在是否開門了。（可用if,表語從句）這件事情上我們是否錯(cuò)了現(xiàn)在還不能下結(jié)論。Itremainstobeseenifwearewronginthematter.[v]（主語從句,不在句首）Ifwearewronginthematterremainstobeseen.[x]Tellhimwhetheryouneedthebook.告訴他你是否需要這本書。（賓語從句,“是否”）Tellhimifyouneedthebook.如果你需要這本書,就告訴他。（狀語從句,“如果”）Idoubtthatshewillstaythere.我不信她會(huì)留在那里。（不相信）Idoubtwhethershewillstaythere.我懷疑她是否會(huì)留在那里。（懷疑）Idoubtthatsheisguilty.我不信她有罪〇（=1don'tthink...）Idoubtwhether（可用if）sheisguilty.我不知道她是否有罪。（=1amnotsure...）Isuspectthatsheisguilty.我懷疑她有罪〇（=1think..）Idoubtthatit'strue.我不信那是真的。（不信,=1don'tthinkitistrue.）Idoubtwhetherit'strue.我懷疑那是不是真的。（懷疑）Idon'tdoubtthatyouareinnocent.我相信你是清白的。Sheneverdoubtedthatshewasright.她從不懷疑自己是正確的。Idon'tdoubtthat（不用if或whether）hewillcomesoon.我不懷疑他不久會(huì)來。Canyoudoubtthatshewillwin?你懷疑她會(huì)贏嗎?Nobodycanpossiblydoubtthathewillsucceed.沒有人會(huì)懷疑他會(huì)成功?！咎崾尽竣賥hether和that都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句,但有所不同。如果賓語從句表示兩種可能性居其一時(shí),只能用whether（ornot可?。?不可用that。例如:Iwonderwhetherheknowsthemanager（ornot）.我不知道他是否認(rèn)識(shí)經(jīng)理。Idoubtwhetherthenewsistrueornot.我懷疑這消息是不是真的。=1doubtwhetherornotthenewsistrue.如果賓語從句表示的是ー種事實(shí),不帶有兩種可能的性質(zhì),要用that,不用whether〇例如:Idonotdoubtthatshewillwaitforyou我不懷疑她會(huì)等你的。Iaskedthatshe（should）comeimmediately.我要她立即就來。Pleaseseethathedoestheworkwell.請(qǐng)務(wù)必讓他把工作做好。比較：Iwonderwhetherhedidit.我想知道他是否做了那件事。（后可加ornot）Iwonderthathedidit.他竟然做了那件事,我感到很奇怪。（后不用ornot）②whether..or可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,意為“無論,不論”,這時(shí)or不可省,而f則不可。例如:Whetheritrainsorsnows,Idon'tcare.不管是下雨還是下雪,我都不在乎。（不用if）③在現(xiàn)代英語中,既可以用whether...or,whether...ornot引導(dǎo)賓語從句,也可以用i...or,if...ornot引導(dǎo)賓語從句。例如:Idon'tcarewhetheryoucomeornot.我不在乎你來不來。（可用if）Pleasetrytofindoutwhetherheisathomeorattheoffice.請(qǐng)盡量查明他在家還是在辦公室。（可用if）Iaskedherifshewantedteaorcoffeeorice-cream.我問她要茶、咖啡還是冰淇淋。?whether后可以直接跟ornot或orno,構(gòu)成whetherornot或whetherorno,if則不可。例如:Hewillwriteyouwhetherornothecandoit.他會(huì)寫信告訴你他能否做那件事。（不用if）Whetherornotshedidit,Ican'ttell.她是否做了那件事,我不能說。（不用if）HewillleaveforParistomorrow,whetherorno.他明天無論如何要?jiǎng)由砣グ屠枇?。⑤whether和if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,可以用肯定式,也可以用否定式,但含義時(shí)常不同。比較:Heaskedwhethershecouldhelp.他問她是否能幫忙。（表示疑問,可加。rnot）Heaskedwhethershecouldn'thelp.他認(rèn)為她能幫忙。（表示肯定,后不可加。rnot）Sheconsideredwhetheritwouldbewisertoremainsilent.她考慮保持沉默是否更明智。（表示疑問）Sheconsideredwhetheritwouldn'tbewisertoremainsilent.她認(rèn)為保持沉默會(huì)更明智。（表示肯定）Hewonderedifhehadbetterbreakoffalltherelationswithher.他想知道是否最好同她斷絕關(guān)系。（表示疑問）Hewonderedifhehadn'tbetterbreakoffallrelationswithher.他知道最好還是同她斷絕關(guān)系。（表示肯定）我不知道她身體是否安好。Idon'tknowwhethersheiswellornot.（不知是否安好）Idon'tknowwhethersheiswell.（懷疑身體不好）Idon'tknowwhethersheisnotwell.（想來ヨE常不好）ask,wonder,discover,see,consider,doubt后的whether或if弓|導(dǎo)的賓語從句常有這種區(qū)別。但有時(shí)候,if..not意同“ifl?肯定式”。例如:Iwonderifheisn'tmistaken.我想他是錯(cuò)了。=1wonderifheismistaken.6下面一句中,if引導(dǎo)的否定句應(yīng)看作條件狀語從句,這里不可用whether:Idon'tcareifhedoesn'tpaythemoney.如果他不付錢,我也不介意。（不用whether）分析下面一個(gè)歧義句:IshalltellyoulaterifIhaveenoughmoney.我晚些時(shí)候?qū)⒏嬖V你我是否有足夠的錢。（if表示“是否'',引導(dǎo)賓語從句）如果我有足夠的錢,我晚些時(shí)候?qū)?huì)告訴你。（if表示“如果'',引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句）下面兩句則不會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義:Ishalltellyoulater,ifIhaveenoughmoney.（只表示條件,意為“如果”）IshalltellyoulaterwhetherIhaveenoughmoney.（只表ホ“是否"）2.連接代詞在英語語法中,有連接代詞（ConjunctivePronoun）＞連接副詞（ConjunctiveAdverb）和關(guān)系代詞（RelativePronoun）＞關(guān)系副詞（RelativeAdverb）之分;連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句,關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接代詞有:who誰（主格），whom誰（賓格），whose誰的（所有格）,what什么”……的東西,which哪ー個(gè)/些（指人或物）,whatever無論什么,whichever無論哪ー個(gè),whoever無論睢°連接代詞在句中既起連接作用,同時(shí)又擔(dān)當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語、表語等成分。例如:Whowillpresideatthemeetinghasnotbeendecidedyet.由誰主持會(huì)議還沒有決定。（引導(dǎo)主語從句同時(shí)作從句的主語）HeaskedwhomIborrowedthemoneyfrom.他問我向誰借的錢。（引導(dǎo)賓語從句同時(shí)作從句的賓語）Whichteamhaswonthegameisnotknownyet.還不知道哪個(gè)隊(duì)贏「這場(chǎng)比賽。（引導(dǎo)主語從句同時(shí)作從句的定語）Thisiswhathesaidtome.這就是他對(duì)我說的。（引導(dǎo)表語從句同時(shí)作從句的賓語）【提示】①比較下面的縮合連接代詞/復(fù)合連接代詞（CondensedConjunctivePronoun）?這些詞不表示疑問:who=anyonewho/thepersonwhowhat=anything/all/somethingthatwhatever=anythingthatwhoever=anyonewho/thosewhowhichever=anyonewho/anyonewhich/thatwhomever=anyonewho/whomwhosever=anyonewhose/anythingthatWhobelievesthatwillbelieveanything.相信那件事的人會(huì)相信任何事。Aftertheearthquake,theysoonrepairedwhathadbeendamaged.地震可后,他們很快就將損壞的東西修復(fù)一新。Helpyourselftowhateveryouwant.請(qǐng)盡情享用〇WhateverIhaveisatyourservice.我所有的一切你盡管使用。I'lltakewhateverhelpIcanget.任何幫助我都接受。Wemustdowhateverisbestforher.我們必須做對(duì)她最有益的事。I'lltakewhoeverwantstogo.誰想去我就帶誰去。Whoeverisresponsibleforthiswillbepunished.對(duì)此事負(fù)有責(zé)任的人都將受到懲罰。Whodelays,pays.延誤者罰款。HeisnotwhoIthoughthewas.他已不是我過去所想象的人。You'reresponsibletowhoeverisinchargeofsales.你對(duì)掌管銷售的人員負(fù)責(zé),無論其為何人。Shecanmarrywhomever/whoever/whoshechooses.她可以和她選擇的任何人結(jié)婚。Youcanhavewhicheveryoulikebest.你可以拿你最喜歡的。Buywhicheverischeapest.哪個(gè)便宜買哪個(gè)。Whicheverclimbstothetopofthehillfirstwillreceiveaprize.哪個(gè)先至リ山頂,哪個(gè)得獎(jiǎng)。Takewhicheverpictureyoulike.你喜歡哪幅畫就拿哪幅。Wearefullypreparedforwhateverproblemslieahead.無論前面會(huì)遇到什么困難,我們都有充分準(zhǔn)備。Weshouldtryourbesttohelpwhomeverweloveandrespect.我們應(yīng)盡カ幫助我們熱愛和尊重的人們。Whoseverarelefthereforacertaintimewillbeconfseated.不管誰的東西落在這里一段時(shí)間后就被充公。Whoseverbooksareoverduewillbe自nd.不管誰的書延期都要被罰款。I'llpaywhateverfeeyouask.你要的任何費(fèi)用我都會(huì)付。Theofficeiscleanedbywhoever'sturnitisthatday.當(dāng)天輪到誰,誰就打掃辦公室。Whoever'sthisisistobereturned.不管這是誰的都得歸還。既然這些連接代詞起著連詞和充當(dāng)句子成分的雙重作用,其后不能再用連詞。例如:值得做的事就應(yīng)該做好。Whateverthatisworthdoingshouldbedonewell.[X]Whateverisworthdoingshouldbedonewell.[/]誰得第一名誰得金牌。Thegoldmedalwillbepresentedtowhoeverthatcomesoutfirst.[x]Thegoldmedalwillbepresentedtowhoevercomesoutfirst.[v]②what有時(shí)保留它原有的疑問意義,表示“什么”,有時(shí)作縮合連接代詞,等于“thethingwhich/that”,這時(shí),what前面不能再加that或all〇另外,what若作疑問代詞,介詞可移到what前,而用作連接代詞則不可。例如:這幅畫使我想起了我曾經(jīng)在ー個(gè)湖邊看到的景色。ThepictureremindedmeofwhatthatIhadeverseennearalake.[x]ThepictureremindedmeofwhatIhadeverseennearalake.[\](=thethingswhich）Itwasclearwhathemeant.他是什么意思,那很清楚。（疑問代詞）Whatworrieshimishiswife'shealth.他憂慮的是他妻子的健康。（連接代詞）他吃了所買的東西。Heatewhathepaidfor.[d]（連接代詞）Heateforwhathepaid.[x]他問學(xué)生們水是由什么組成的。Heaskedthepupilswhatwaterwascomposedof.[V]（疑問代詞）Heaskedthepupilsofwhatwaterwascomposed.[v]她所說的是真的。Allwhatshesaidistrue.[x]Whatshesaidistrue.[v]Allthatshesaidistrue.[v]③what既可以是疑問代詞,也可以是連接代詞,其區(qū)別是:what從句的謂語動(dòng)詞含有懷疑、詢問、不肯定的意義時(shí),what為疑問代詞;反之,指具體的事件,表示肯定意義時(shí),what就是連接代詞。參閱上文。比較:Idon'tknowwhatheiswriting我不知道他在寫什么。（疑問代詞）Iknowwhathemeant.我知道他的意思。（連接代詞）Whatishappeningoutsideisnotknown.不知道外面在發(fā)生什么事。（疑問代詞）Whatishappeningoutsidedoesnotconcernus.タト面發(fā)生的事與我們無關(guān)。（連接代詞）Whatfollowsisdoubtful.接著會(huì)發(fā)生什么還難以料定。（疑問代詞）Whatfollowsissatisfactory.接著發(fā)生的事是令人滿意的。（連接代詞）Thequestioniswhatshetoldhersonbeforeshedied.問題是她臨死之前告訴了她兒子什么。（疑問代詞）Thedecisioniswhatshetoldhersonbeforeshedied.決定就是她臨死之前告訴她兒子的。（連接代詞）④比較:Wecanseewhatappearstobe叩late.我們能看到那個(gè)貌似盤子的東西。Wecanseewhatappeartobeplates.我們能看到貌似盤子的ー些東西。.連接副詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接副詞有:when（=thetimewhen什么時(shí)候,何時(shí)）where（=theplacewhere什么地方,何時(shí)）how（=thewayinwhich如何,怎樣）why（=thereasonwhy為什么）連接副詞起雙重作用,在句中既是連接詞,又作狀語。這類詞引導(dǎo)的從句在句中可以用作主語、賓語或表語。例如:Whenwecanbegintheexpeditionisstillaquestion.我們何時(shí)才能開始這次考察仍懸而未決。（引導(dǎo)主語從句同時(shí)作從句的時(shí)間狀語）Wedidn'tknowwhyshedidn'tcome.我們不知道她為什么沒來。（引導(dǎo)賓語從句同時(shí)作從句的原因狀語）Thequestionishowwecangettheloan.問題是我們?nèi)绾尾拍芘劫J款。（引導(dǎo)表語從句同時(shí)作從句的方式狀語）Irememberwhenitusedtobeaquietvillage.我記得它曾經(jīng)是個(gè)安靜的村莊。（引導(dǎo)賓語從句同時(shí)作從句的狀語）Falliswhenfruitsbecomeripe.秋天是果實(shí)成熟的季節(jié)。（引導(dǎo)表語從句同時(shí)作從句的狀語）Theyarewaitingoutsideforwhentheyshouldbewanted.他們?cè)谕饷娴戎?隨時(shí)聽候指派。（作介詞for的賓語）That'swhereheusedtolive.那就是他從前住的地方。（引導(dǎo)表語從句）考察下面一個(gè)歧義句:Idon'trememberwhenthemeetingwasheld.我不記得那個(gè)會(huì)議是什么時(shí)候開的。（when作疑問副詞,意為“什么時(shí)候''）我不記得開那個(gè)會(huì)議的時(shí)間了。（when作連接副詞,相當(dāng)于thetimewhen）【提示】名詞性從句一般用陳述語序。例如:他準(zhǔn)備怎樣做這件事是個(gè)謎。Howishegoingtodoitisamystery.［不妥JHowheisgoingtodoitisamystery.［v］他能否買到火車票仍然是個(gè)問題。Itisstillaquestionwhethercanhebuyarailwayticket.［不妥］Itisstillaquestionwhetherhecanbuyarailwayticket.[4].but,butthat和butwhat1用于nodoubt和notdeny之后,等于thatTherecanbenodoubtbutthatitisthebestchoice.這無疑是最好的選擇。Shedidn'tdoubtbutthat/buthewasaresponsibleman.她不懷疑他是個(gè)有責(zé)任心的人。Icantnotdenybutwhatitisanurgentmatter.我不否認(rèn)這是一件急迫的事情。2用于特殊疑問句中或否定詞之后,相當(dāng)于that...notWhoknowsbutthatitmaybetrue?誰能說這不會(huì)是真的呢?=Whoknowsthatitmaynotbetrue?Icanhardlybelievebutthattheanswerisright.我簡直不能相信這答案不正確。=1canhardlybelievethattheanswerisnotright.3butthat可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句這時(shí),butthat表示“若不是”,相當(dāng)于f從句,主句常用虛擬語氣。例如:Hewouldhavehelpedyoubutthathewasshortofmoneyatthetime.如果不是當(dāng)時(shí)沒有錢的話,他會(huì)幫助你的。Hewouldhavesaidnobutthathewasafraid.若不是害怕的話,他會(huì)說不的。Butthatsheaidedme,Imighthavegonebankrupt.要不是她幫助我的話,我可能已破產(chǎn)了。(=Ifshehadn'taidedme...)【提示】but,butthat和butwhat還可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,參閱第十八講。二、主語從句1.主語從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語大多數(shù)主語從句(subjectclause)都可以用it代替,作形式主語,把主語從句置于句尾。that引導(dǎo)的主語從句可用it代替,that一般不省。當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示“……的東西”時(shí),一般不用it作形式主語。whatever,whoever,whichever一般也不用it作形式主語。例如:ThatIlikedgeographyseemedstrangetomyfather.我喜歡地理,在我父親看來,這很奇怪。Thatyouwillhaveanansweriscertain.你能得到答復(fù),這是肯定的。Thatthethieveswillbecaughtislikely.這伙盜賊被抓住的可能性很大。Whatangeredmemostwashistotallackofremorse.最使我生氣的是他居然毫無悔意。Whyhedidsuchathingisnotclear.并不清楚他為什么做這種事。Wheresheliveshasnotbeenfoundout.還沒有查清楚她住在哪里。Whenheheardaboutitisunknown.他什么時(shí)候聽到那個(gè)消息不得而知。Whetherornotthesefiguresareaccurateremainstobechecked.這些數(shù)字是否確切還有待核對(duì)。Whoheisdoesn'tconcernme.他是誰與我無關(guān)。Whatwillbe,willbe.要發(fā)生的事總是要發(fā)生的。Thatsheshouldbeungratefulcuthimtotheheart.她竟忘恩負(fù)義,這使他很傷心。ThatMarylikedChinesefoodseemedstrangetohermother.瑪麗喜歡吃中國菜,在她母親看來,這很奇怪。Thatallhisdreamsandambitionswillbefulfilledisunlikely.他所有的夢(mèng)想和抱負(fù)都能實(shí)現(xiàn)，這可能性不大。Whethershesoldthehouseandhowmuchmoneyshegotoutofitdoesn,tconcernyou.她是否賣了房子,從中得了多少錢，與你無關(guān)。Thatthetwosidesshouldhaveadifferenceofopinionoveraimsandmethodsisnatural.雙方在目的和方法上意見有些不一致是自然的。Itwasclearenoughwhatshemeant.她的意思是再清楚不過了。It'snotmybusiness,howhechoosestolive.他愛怎么生活就怎么生活,這與我不相干。Isitknownwhereshewent?知道她去哪兒了嗎?Ithurtheragreatdealthatallshehaddoneforhiminthepastyearswasofnoavail.想著多年來為他奉獻(xiàn)的一切都付諸東流水,她傷心欲絕。!t'swellknownthattheChinesepeopleshowgreathospitality.中國人以熱情著稱于世。Itmatterswhatyou'lldo.你要做什么,這至關(guān)重要。Itisacompletemysterywhatledtothetragicconsequences.是什么造成了悲劇性的后果,這完全是個(gè)謎?！咎崾尽?帶that主語從句的復(fù)合句為疑問句、感嘆句時(shí),that主語從句要后置,用形式主語it代之。例如:HowcouldithappenthatthekidsshowednointerestinwhatIwassaying?小家伙們?cè)趺磿?huì)對(duì)我的話一點(diǎn)也不感興趣呢?Isitpossiblethatthefamousgallerywillpresenttheworksofanewartist?這家著名美術(shù)館有可能展出ー個(gè)剛出道的藝術(shù)家的作品嗎?Whyisitthathercasehasattractedanenormousamountofpublicsympathy?為什么她的案子得到了無數(shù)公眾的同情?Howamazingitisthatthe70-year-oldmanshouldhaveswumacrossthechannel!這位70歲的老人竟然游過了海峽,真是令人驚奇!Howamusingitisthatthemagicianconjuredarabbitoutofhishat!魔術(shù)師從帽子里變出ー只兔子,真逗人!②在Itdawnedonsb.that結(jié)構(gòu)中,that引導(dǎo)的從句只能后置。例如:Itdawnedonherthathehadbeenrightallalong.她突然意識(shí)至リ他一直都是對(duì)的。③比較：他所需要的是更多的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。Whatheneedsismoreexperience.[v]Itismoreexperiencewhatheneeds.[X]據(jù)估計(jì),飛到火星來回的時(shí)間要超過一年。Thataround-triptoMarswouldtakemorethanayearisestimated.[V]Itisestimatedthataround-triptoMarswouldtakemorethanayear.[V]她是否要扮演這個(gè)角色值得懷疑。Whethershewouldplaythepartisstilldoubtful.[Y]Itisstilldoubtfulwhethershewouldplaythepart.[\]犯人是如何逃跑的是個(gè)謎。Howtheprisonerescapedisamystery.[v]Itisamysteryhowtheprisonerescaped,[v]?because偶爾可以引導(dǎo)主語從句。2.it作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較it作形式主語代替主語從句,主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)（特別是謂語較短時(shí)）,主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)某ー句子成分的強(qiáng)調(diào)（這ー成分可以是詞、詞組或句子）,其結(jié)構(gòu)是“Itbe+thaビ。無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分,都通用連接詞that,強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)也可用who/whom/whose,強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)時(shí)也可用where,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間時(shí)也可用when〇參閱有關(guān)章節(jié)。比較:Itwasorderedthatthegoodsbesenttherebyplane.根據(jù)命令,那些貨物必須空運(yùn)到那里。（it作形式主語）Itwaslastsummerthathegraduatedfromtheuniversity.他是去年夏天從那所大學(xué)畢業(yè)的。（itbethat為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）Ithasbeenfoundoutwhosettherecord.已經(jīng)弄清楚紀(jì)錄是誰創(chuàng)造的。（it作形式主語）ItwasMarythat/whosettherecord.是瑪麗創(chuàng)造了紀(jì)錄。（itbethat為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）3.用it作形式主語的主語從句結(jié)構(gòu)在本部分第四類結(jié)構(gòu)或某些其他結(jié)構(gòu)中,有時(shí)也可用連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句。!主語+名詞+從句Itisapitythat…遺憾的是 Itisafactthat...事實(shí)是 Itisgoodnewsthat 是好消息Itisnowonderthat 不足為奇Itisawonderthat..真是個(gè)奇跡”....Itisashamethat 真是可恥Itisanhonourthat 非常榮幸!tiscommonknowledgethat 是常識(shí)2主語+形容詞+從句Itisquiteclearthat..明確無誤 Itisamazingthat...令人驚詫的是 Itisnaturalthat..很自然 Itisobviousthat...顯而易見…Itisfortunatethat..幸運(yùn)的是 Itispossiblethat...很可能 Itisunlikelythat...不可能 Itisstrangethat...奇怪的是"……It+過去分詞+從句Itisnotknownthat 不得而知Itisnotdecidedthat 尚未決定Itissaidthat..據(jù)說" Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報(bào)道 Itmustbepointedoutthat.?必須指出 Itistobediscussedthat 有待討論Ithasbeenprovedthat..已證明 Itisestimatedthat..據(jù)估計(jì).....Itistobenotedthat...值得注意的是 Itisbelievedthat...據(jù)認(rèn)為 Itisuniversallybelieved...普遍認(rèn)為?? It isannouncedthat...據(jù)宣布 Itcansafelybesaidthat..完全可以說 Itmustbeadmittedthat...必須承認(rèn) Itcanthusbeconcludedthat...可以由此得出結(jié)論4其他Itdoesn'tmatter. 是無關(guān)緊要的Itmakesnodifference... 毫無區(qū)另リItdoesn'tmaketoomuchdifferencethat ?夫糸イ、大Itdoesn'tneedtobebotheredthat...不必?fù)?dān)憂 Itisoflittleconsequencethat 無關(guān)緊要Itsuddenlystruckme/occurredtomethat...我突然想到/感覺到??…【提示】在下面的結(jié)構(gòu)中,it為虛設(shè)主語,that-從句是ー個(gè)外置的主語,但該主語不可前置放在句首:Itseems/appears/(so)happens/chanced/transpired/cameabout/turnedout/occurredto+that-從句Itmay/couldbe+that-從句Thusitcameaboutthathelefthomeonacoldwintermorning,nevertoreturn.就這樣,他在ー個(gè)寒冷的冬天早晨離開了家,再?zèng)]有回來過。Howdiditcomeaboutthathedidnotreportthetheftuntiltwodaysafteritoccurred?他怎么直到盜竊案發(fā)生兩天后オ報(bào)案呢?Didn'titoccurtoyouthatthedetectiveswerekeepingtheplaceunderobservation?你當(dāng)時(shí)沒有想到這個(gè)地方受到偵探的監(jiān)視嗎?關(guān)于這類結(jié)構(gòu)的詳細(xì)說明和例示參閱第三講中“it的用法”ー節(jié)。.主語從句不可位于句首的幾種情況除了if引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居復(fù)合句的句首外,在下列情況下,主語從句亦不可提前。Itdoesn'tmatter+how/whether...結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提他喜不喜歡它都沒關(guān)系。Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherhelikesitornot.[v]Whetherhelikesitornotdoesn'tmatter.[x]Itissaid/reported...結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前據(jù)說這條高速公路明年通車。Itissaidthattheexpresswaywillbeopentotrafficnextyear.[\]Thattheexpresswaywillbeopentotrafficnextyearissaid.[X]3含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí),主語從句不可提前下午可能會(huì)下雪嗎?Isitlikelythatitwillsnowintheafternoon?[v]Isthatitwillsnowintheafternoonlikely?[X]【提示】在簡短句子中,主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略。例如:It'sagoodthingGeorgecan'thearus.喬治聽不見我們講話是個(gè)好事。It'sapityyoucan'tswim.你不會(huì)游泳,真遺憾。Itseemslikelysomeoneleftthedoorunlocked.似乎有人可能忘了鎖門就出去了。三、賓語從句.作動(dòng)詞的賓語（objectclause）!由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Iwish（that）shewouldunderstandme.我希望她能理解我。（that可省）Idon'tthink（that）heisright.我認(rèn)為他不對(duì)。（that可省）Heorderedthatweshouldstartatonce.他命令我們立即出發(fā)。（that一1般不可?。￤ehavereasontobelievethatsheknewthevictimquitewell.我們有理由相信,她跟受害人很熟悉。JimsuggestedthatwegototheRockyMountainsduringthesummer.吉姆建議我們夏天去落基山。（that一般不可省）下列動(dòng)詞后常跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句:admitagreeanswerbelievecomplainconfessdecidedeclaredenydreamexpectexplainfeelhearhopeimagineintendinsistmeannoticeorderproposerememberreplyrequestrequiresayseesuggestthinkwish由what,when,how,which,why,howmany,howmuch,who,whom,whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Idon'tknowwhatshehasboughtforFather'sbirthday.我不知道她為父親的生日買了什么。Wordsdon'talwaysmeanwhattheyseemtomean.話語常有弦タト之音。Theydon'tknowwhatittakestobesuccessful.他們不知道成功需要什么素質(zhì)。Guesswhatfamouspersonsaidthis.猜猜看是哪位名人說的話。Hetastedwhatshegavehim.他嘗了她給他的東西。Samcollectedwhatinformationhecouldfind.薩姆收集了他能找到的少許信息。Shegavewhoeveraskedforacopyofthepaper.那篇論文誰要她都給ー份。Takewhateveryoulike.你喜歡什么就拿什么。Choosewhoeveristhefittest.選最合適的人。Heacceptedwhatmoneypeoplegavehim.他接受了人們給他的那點(diǎn)兒錢。Theycouldn'tagree(about/asto)whoshouldbesentthere.派誰去明B丿し他們未能取得一致意見。Heexplainedhowthetoolwasused.他解釋了這個(gè)工具怎樣使用。Iwasonlyaskinghowthiscouldhavehappened.我只是問怎么會(huì)發(fā)生這樣的事。Shehurriedtofindoutwhattheproblemwas.她趕忙去找問題所在。Ican'tthinkwhysheevermarriedhim.我想不明白她為什么居然嫁給了他。Let'shearwhathe'sgottosay.讓我們聽聽他怎么說吧。Theteacherpointedoutwhereshewaswrong.老師指出她錯(cuò)的地方。Icouldn'tmakeoutwhattheyweretalkingabout.我聽不清楚他們?cè)谡務(wù)撌裁?。Doyoueverdiscoverwhosentyoutheflowers?你弄清是誰給你送的花了嗎?Heanticipatedwheretheenemywouldtrytocrosstheriver.他預(yù)測(cè)敵人要在什么地方過河。Idon'tcarewhetherwewinorlose.我不在乎我們是贏還是輸。Youcancomplain,butIdoubtifit'llmakeanydifference.你可以抱怨,但是我看抱怨也未必有用。Thewaiterenquiredwhetherwewouldliketositnearthewindow.侍者問我們是否想靠窗邊坐。ThedoctorfeltJohn'sarmtofindoutifthebonewasbroken.醫(yī)生摸了摸約翰的手臂,看看骨折了沒有。Shegavewhoeveritwasameal.不管誰來,她都給飯吃。（whoever弓|導(dǎo)賓語從句，本身作間接賓語）Choosewhoeveristhemostcapableasyourpartner?選最能干的作為你的合伙人。（本句中的賓語從句帶補(bǔ)語）Hewonderediftheletterwasmiscarried.他想那封信是不是誤投了。下列動(dòng)詞（詞組）后常跟what,whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句:不知道。/你似乎是身在福中不知福。（句中的when由thetimewhen縮合而成,可以看作前面省略了thetime,為縮合連接副詞,不表示“什么時(shí)候”）在when=thetimewhen這ー用法上,when還可引導(dǎo)用作介詞賓語的賓語從句。例如:Johnwillleaveinamonth,bywheneverythingwillbeready.Theyweretalkingfromwhenthesnowbegantofall.Doyouknowthatsheisapoet?她是一位詩人,你知道嗎?Doyouknowifsheisapoet?她是否是一位詩人,你知道嗎?Idon'tknowthatheswamacrosstheriver.我不知道他游過了那條河。Idon'tknowhowheswamacrosstheriver.我不知道他是怎樣游過那條河的。3動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+賓語從句有些賓語從句前可有一個(gè)間接賓語,這個(gè)間接賓語有的可省,有的則不能省。例如:Hehasinformedmewhentheyaretodiscussmyproposal.他已經(jīng)通知我他們將在什么時(shí)候討論我的建議。(me不可省)ThemanageraskedmewhatIdidn'tknowaboutthecompany.經(jīng)理問我關(guān)于這家公司我還有什么不了解的。Shepromised(us)thatshewouldgiveusmorehelplateron.她答應(yīng)以后給我們更多的幫助。ShowmewhereGeorgeWashingtonlived.領(lǐng)我看看喬治?華盛頓住過的地方。We'llmakehimwhateverheisfitfor.他夠什么料,我們就把他培養(yǎng)成什么料。GoandaskPeterwhetherhe'scomingtonight.去問問彼得他今晚是否來。Thecaptainoftheshipassuredthepassengersthattherewasnodanger.船長向乘客保證不會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)。WouldyouadvisemewhereIshouldspendmyholidaystnissummer?你說我今年夏天在哪里度假為好?Thesightoftheclockremindedhimthathewaslate.ー看到鐘他就知道遲到了。Thepolicemanwarnedusthattheroadswereicy.那位警察提醒我們道路結(jié)了冰。Youmaycallitwhatyoulike.你愛叫它什么就叫它什么。這夫動(dòng)詞常見的有:advise,ask,assure,inform,promise,question,remind,show,teach,tell,warn等。.作介詞賓語Whetherwecansucceeddependsonhowwellwecooperate.我們能否成功取決于我們合作得怎樣。Hewasnotconsciousofwhatanimportantdiscoveryhehadmade.他沒有意識(shí)到自己做出了多么重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)。Iwascuriousastowhatwewoulddonext.我很想知道下一步我們?cè)撟鍪裁础boundarydisputeisaquarrelaboutwhereaboundaryisoroughttobe.邊界糾紛就是關(guān)于邊界在何處或應(yīng)當(dāng)在何處的爭(zhēng)論。Marawasextremelycareful(about)whatsheate.瑪拉在飲食上極為講究。Thedoctorwasdoubtful(about)whetherthepatientwouldsurvivetheoperation.醫(yī)生懷疑病人能否熬過這次手術(shù)。He'sveryfuzzy(about)howhismealsarecooked.他對(duì)飯菜做得怎樣是很講究的。Ican'tmakeupmymind(about)whetherIshouldresignornot.我下不J決心,究竟辭職還是不辭職。Shehasn'tdecided(on)whichmodelshewillbuy.她還沒有決定買哪ー種型號(hào)的。Justlook(at)whatyou'vedone!看看你干了什么?Theycouldn'tagree(about/asto)howit/r