英語(yǔ)專業(yè)泛讀unit 3 Food Fight 1市公開(kāi)課一等獎(jiǎng)省名師優(yōu)質(zhì)課賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

Itreferstoafightagainst“geneticallymodifiedfood”(GMF)esp.betweenE.U.(theEuropeanUnion)andU.S.(theUnitedStates)

Lecturer:XuHongyanUnit3FoodFight

Time,Mon.Sep.13,1999II.AuthorJeffreyKlugerisaseniorwriteratTimemagazine,coveringscienceingeneralandthespaceprograminparticularandauthorofseveralbooksonsciencetopicsincludingSplendidSolution:JonasSalkandtheConquestofPolio;Simplexity;JourneyBeyondSelene;andLostMoon:ThePerilousVoyageofApollo13,whichservedasthebasisofthe1995movie,Apollo13.1.Geneticallymodifiedfood(Frankenfood)Scientistshaverewoventhegenesofcountlessfruitsandvegetables,(toenhancedesiredtraits)turningeverydaycropsintoüber-cropsabletoresistfrost,withstandherbicidesandevenproducetheirownpesticides.(Para.3)ThecropscreatedforhumanandanimalconsumptioniscalledGMfood.GeneticallyModifiedFood(GMF)–Foodmadebyreweavingthegenesofcountlessfruitsandvegetablesorbytakingagenefromoneplantoranimal&puttingitinanother轉(zhuǎn)基因食品–是利用當(dāng)代分子生物技術(shù)，將一些生物基因轉(zhuǎn)移到其它物種中去，改造生物遺傳物質(zhì)，使其在形狀、營(yíng)養(yǎng)品質(zhì)、消費(fèi)品質(zhì)等方面向人們所需要目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)變。以轉(zhuǎn)基因生物為直接食品或?yàn)樵霞庸どa(chǎn)食品就是“轉(zhuǎn)基因食品”。GMtomatoproducedbyMonsantoCompanyfirstappearedinAmericain1994

Thedevelopmentofgeneticallymodifiedfood2.GMcropsaroundtheworldMostEuropeancounreiesAmericaCanadaArgentina

ChinaandmanyothercountriesWidelyplantedforbideconfusedTheglobaldistributionofGMfood

Recently,Chinaissuedcertificatesforgeneticallymodifiedrice‘Huahuinumberone’and‘BtShanyou63’.我國(guó)最近為轉(zhuǎn)基因抗蟲水稻“華恢1號(hào)”和“Bt汕優(yōu)63”發(fā)放了安全證書。

TypesofgeneticallymodifiedcropsSampleGMproductsmushroom?

wearefluorescentproteinfishes，fabulous？StrangeInvaders3.Geneticallymodifiedfoods(GMF)…devilorangel3.1TheadvantagesofGMfood1.Theyaremorenutritiousandmuchtastier.2.Remainfreshlonger.3.Theycanhelpreduce

worldhunger.4.Theyhaveinbuiltpesticidesandherbicides.5.Theyaremoretoleranttoextremeenvironmentsuchaspoorsoiloradverseclimates.6.GMcropsaremoreproductive(largeryield).(improveagriculturalproduction)7.GMcropscansavecostandlaborofproduction.8.Theycouldpossiblyeliminateallergy-causingpropertiesinsomefoods.…

3.2ThedisadvantagesofGMfood1.GMtechnologyisstillininfancyandhasnotbeentestedthoroughly.2.Therearealotofpotentialdangers(suchaspotentialallergicreactionsandpotentialtoxin)forhumanbeingsandanimals.3.Theymaydevelopnewdiseases/newallergens/

toxin4.“Geneticpollution”destroyedthebiodiversitymayleadtoextinctionofindividualspecies.5.Mayharmhumangrowthandaffectwildlifeanditsenvironment.6.Theappearanceofpesticide-resistantinsectsandherbicide-resistantplants.4.Homework.YouarerequiredtowriteacompositionnamedMyViewsonGMFoodbyconsideringthefollowingquestions.1.WhatdoyouthinkofGMfoods?2.DoyouthinkGMfoodsistheanswertoworldhunger?3.DoyouagreeordisagreewiththecommercializationofGMfoods?4.Isgeneticsengineeringethical?5.Wemustaskourselves“Doeshumanshaverightsto“playgod”andtomanipulateanimalsandplantsgenetically”?

Aherbicideisachemicalthatisusedtodestroyplants,especiallyweeds.Pesticidesarechemicalswhichfarmersputontheircropstokillharmfulinsects.fluorescent[英][flu?’resnt]adj.熒光；發(fā)熒光；（顏色、材料等）強(qiáng)烈反光；發(fā)亮Afluorescentsurface,substance,orcolourhasaverybrightappearancewhenlightisdirectedontoit,tein[英][pr?uti:n]adj.蛋白質(zhì)Roundup農(nóng)達(dá)就是41%草甘膦！農(nóng)達(dá)（Roundup）41%水劑，是美國(guó)孟山都企業(yè)研制并全球性開(kāi)發(fā)一個(gè)非選擇性、無(wú)殘留苗后除草劑，經(jīng)過(guò)植物葉片和非木質(zhì)化莖桿吸收、傳導(dǎo)到植物全株各部位，對(duì)多年生宿根性雜草，以及各種一年生和越年生禾木科、莎草科和闊葉雜草、小灌木等，都有優(yōu)異防除效果。

農(nóng)達(dá)作為一個(gè)滅生性、內(nèi)吸傳導(dǎo)型莖葉處理除草劑，能夠在農(nóng)作物播種或移栽之前，直接噴霧于確定作物區(qū)、非作物區(qū)和水域除草，也能夠利用作物和雜草之間高度差異、出土展葉期差異以及一些生物形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)差異，有選擇地從作物中除去不一樣雜草BeneluxBenelux–BeneluxEconomicUnion

(1948年簽約成立)比荷盧經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)盟BeneluxEconomicUnionEuropeanCommunityEuropeanUnionWallStreetWallStreet–isthebankingcenterofNewYorkCityandthefinancialcentreofAmerica.NewYorkStockExchange(紐約證券交易所)issituatedonthisstreet.ThestatueofthecopperbullinfrontoftheNewYorkStockExchangesymbolizesbullmarket.III.StructureoftheTextPartI(para.1-2)–protestagainsttheMcDonald’sfoodinFranceandreasonsPartII(para.3-7)–PopularityofGMfoodandcausesPartIII(para.8-14)–BadeffectsofGMfood&foodfightbetweenE.U.&U.S.PartIV(lastpara.)–Conclusion:Consumers’attitudesdeterminethepopularityoftheGMfood

FoodFightUnit3轉(zhuǎn)基因食品介紹轉(zhuǎn)基因食品轉(zhuǎn)基因食品(GeneticallyModifiedFoods,GMF)是指利用分子生物學(xué)伎倆，將一些生物基因轉(zhuǎn)移到其它生物物種上，使其出現(xiàn)原物種不含有性狀或產(chǎn)物，以轉(zhuǎn)基因生物為原料加工生產(chǎn)食品就是轉(zhuǎn)基因食品。經(jīng)過(guò)這種技術(shù)人類能夠取得更符合要求食品品質(zhì)，它含有產(chǎn)量高、營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富、抗病力強(qiáng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，但它可能造成遺傳基因污染也是它顯著缺點(diǎn)。含有轉(zhuǎn)基因生物體或其成份、或者含有轉(zhuǎn)基因生物體外源性基因表示產(chǎn)物食品…經(jīng)過(guò)生物科技，科學(xué)家將某個(gè)基因從生物中分離出來(lái)，然后植入另一個(gè)生物體內(nèi)，從而使得該生物含有前者生物基因優(yōu)點(diǎn)。比如，科學(xué)家認(rèn)為北極魚體內(nèi)某個(gè)基因有防凍作用，于是將它抽出，再植入番茄內(nèi)，制造新品種耐寒番茄。含有轉(zhuǎn)基因生物成份食品稱為轉(zhuǎn)基因食品。

轉(zhuǎn)基因動(dòng)植物是人造生物，而不是自然界原有品種，它們對(duì)地球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)來(lái)說(shuō)，都屬于外來(lái)品種。因?yàn)檗D(zhuǎn)基因生物一樣有繁殖及與近親交配能力，假如它被釋放到環(huán)境中，一旦犯錯(cuò)，也難以補(bǔ)救。到當(dāng)前為止，轉(zhuǎn)基因食品在推出市場(chǎng)前都沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)久遠(yuǎn)安全評(píng)定，人類長(zhǎng)久食用是否安全依然成疑，而科學(xué)界對(duì)這些食品是否安全也沒(méi)有共識(shí)。進(jìn)口轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆：從港口采集到進(jìn)口轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆，呈扁圓或橢圓、色澤暗黃，與國(guó)產(chǎn)大豆顯著區(qū)分是豆臍呈黃褐色，俗稱“黑臍豆”。

What’syouridea?1.manureNoun[massnoun]animaldungusedforfertilizingland糞肥■anycompostorartificialfertilizer混合肥；化肥Verb[withobj.](常作bemanured)applymanureto(land)（給土地）施肥thegroundshouldbewelldugandmanured.這塊地應(yīng)該好好翻一翻而且多施些肥。2.dump:verb[withobj.]depositordisposeof(rubbish,waste,orunwantedmaterial),typicallyinacarelessorhurriedway堆放，扔掉，傾倒（垃圾或廢料等）trucksdumped1,900tonsofrefusehere.卡車在這里傾倒了1,900噸廢物?！鰌utdownorabandon(something)hurriedlyinordertomakeanescape（為逃跑而）丟棄，扔掉thecoupledumpedthecarandfled.這一對(duì)男女棄車而逃。■put(something)downfirmlyorheavilyandcarelessly猛地放下，沉重地扔下shedumpedherknapsackonthefloor.她將背包重重地往地板上一扔?！?informal)abandonordesert(someone)(非正式)拋棄，遺棄，離開(kāi)（某人）hisgirlfrienddumpedhimforbeingfat.他女朋友因?yàn)樗侄鴴仐壛怂?。■send(goodsunsaleableinthehomemarket)toaforeignmarketforsaleatalowprice（在國(guó)外）傾銷thesecountrieshavebeendumpingcheapfertilizersontheUKmarket.這些國(guó)家一直在英國(guó)市場(chǎng)上傾銷廉價(jià)化肥。asitefordepositingrubbish垃圾場(chǎng)■[usu.withmodifier]aplacewhereaparticularkindofwaste,especiallydangerouswaste,isleft（尤指有害物）廢料場(chǎng)anuclearwastedump.核廢料場(chǎng)3.bland:adjectivelackingstrongfeaturesorcharacteristicsandthereforeuninteresting特點(diǎn)不鮮明，枯燥乏味rebellingagainsttheblanduniformity.對(duì)那種刻板千篇一律?！?offoodordrink)unseasoned,mild-tasting,orinsipid（食品，飲料）未加調(diào)料，清淡，無(wú)味■(ofapersonortheirbehaviour)showingnostrongemotion;dullandunremarkable（人或其行為）漠然；平庸；索然無(wú)味hisexpressionwasblandandunreadable.他表情漠然，叫人猜不透。4.hegemony:[massnoun]leadershipordominance,especiallybyonestateorsocialgroupoverothers（尤指一個(gè)國(guó)家或社會(huì)團(tuán)體對(duì)別國(guó)家或社會(huì)團(tuán)體）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)（權(quán)），支配（權(quán)），統(tǒng)治（權(quán)），霸權(quán)GermanywasunitedunderPrussianhegemonyafter1871.1871年后，在普魯士人統(tǒng)治下，德國(guó)統(tǒng)一了。5.genteel:adjectivepolite,refined,orrespectable,especiallyinanaffectedorostentatious(夸耀)waysoastoappearupperclass彬彬有禮，優(yōu)雅（尤指假裝斯文）6.nasty:highlyunpleasant,especiallytothesenses;physicallynauseating令人作嘔；惡心plasticbagsburnwithanasty,acridsmell.塑料袋燃燒時(shí)散發(fā)出令人惡心辛辣味道。■(oftheweather)unpleasantlycoldorwet（天氣）濕冷；極惡劣it'sanastyoldnight.這是個(gè)濕冷鬼夜晚?！鰎epugnanttothemind;morallybad煩人，討厭；下流，齷齪herstoriesareverynasty,fullofmurderandviolence.她故事充滿了謀殺和暴力，讓人厭惡。(ofapersonoranimal)behavinginanunpleasantorspitefulway（人，動(dòng)物）使人厭惡；惡意Harrywasanasty,-mouthedolddevil.哈里是個(gè)令人厭惡、滿嘴臟話老魔鬼。whensheconfrontedhimheturnednasty.她一與他反抗，他就變得惡毒起來(lái)?！鯽nnoyingorunwelcome惱人；不受歡迎lifehasanastyhabitofrepeatingitself.生活總是討厭地重復(fù)。physicallyormentallydamagingorharmful（對(duì)身體或精神）有損傷（或有害）；能傷身；令人不快anasty,vicious-lookinghatchet.一把看上去殺氣騰騰、令人不快短柄小斧?！?ofaninjury,illness,oraccident)havingcausedharm;severe（傷害、疾病或事故）厲害；嚴(yán)重anastybangonthehead.砰地猛撞到腦袋。Howtomakegeneticallyengineeredcrops?7.clear:[withobj.]giveofficialapprovalorauthorizationto同意；授權(quán)Iclearedhimtoreturntohissquadron.我同意他回空軍中隊(duì)?！鰃etofficialapprovalfor(something)取得同意，得到認(rèn)可thepressreleaseshadtobeclearedwiththeWhiteHouse.新聞稿須經(jīng)白宮同意公布。AboutMonsanto

Monsantowasfirstestablishedin1901anddevelopedintoagiantbusinessenterpriseoverthepast100years.

Forty-threecompanyscientistsjointheranksofMonsantoFellows,expandingthescientificrecognitionprogramtoincludescientistsfromMonsanto'sBiotechnology,Breeding,Genomics,MolecularBreedingandRegulatoryorganizations.ThetotalnumberofScienceFellowsisnow70.8.fallible:adjectivecapableofmakingmistakesorbeingerroneous可能犯錯(cuò)；易犯錯(cuò)expertscanbefallible.教授也可能犯錯(cuò)。Infallible:incapableofmakingmistakesorbeingwrong不會(huì)犯錯(cuò)，無(wú)誤doctorsarenotinfallible.醫(yī)生不是不會(huì)犯錯(cuò)。9.Butmanypeoplequestionwhetherit'sagoodideaforfalliblehumanbeingstogomuckingaboutwiththegenesofotherspecies.(不過(guò)，許多人提出疑問(wèn)：讓輕易犯錯(cuò)人類擺弄其它物種基因是否是個(gè)好主意。)muck:(mucksomethingup)(informal)mishandleajoborsituation;spoilsomething(非正式)把…搞砸，把…弄糟shehadmuckedupherfirstfewweeksatcollege.她進(jìn)大學(xué)后頭幾個(gè)星期事情一團(tuán)糟。Mucksomethingabout/aroundwith:spoilsomethingbyinterferingwithit.耍弄；瞎弄

e.g.Someonehasbeenmuckingaboutwithmybicycle.10.windup:informalarriveorendupinaspecifiedstate,situation,orplace抵達(dá)；（以某狀態(tài)，情況或在某地）結(jié)束KevinwindsupinNewYork.凱文終于抵達(dá)紐約。11.assuch:[oftenwithnegative]intheexactsenseoftheword嚴(yán)格意義上itispossibletostayovernightherealthoughthereisnoguesthouseassuch.即使沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格意義上旅店，但還是有可能在這過(guò)一夜。12.tweak:[withobj.]twistorpull(something)sharply扭，擰hetweakedtheboy'sear.他擰了男孩耳朵。(informal)improve(amechanismorsystem)bymakingfineadjustmentstoit(非正式)（經(jīng)過(guò)微調(diào)）改進(jìn)（機(jī)械，系統(tǒng)）engineerstweakthecar'soperatingsystemsduringtherace.比賽期間，機(jī)械師對(duì)這輛車操作系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)。nounasharptwistorpull扭，擰(informal)afineadjustmenttoamechanismorsystem(非正式)（機(jī)械，系統(tǒng)）改進(jìn)13.intimidate:verbfrightenoroverawe(someone),especiallyinordertomakethemdowhatonewants（為使他人服從）恫嚇，威嚇，恐嚇，威脅（他人）thefortsaredesignedtointimidatethenationalistpopulation.堡壘是為恫嚇民族主義大眾設(shè)置。[imidating]theintimidatingdefencebarrister.咄咄逼人被告辯護(hù)律師。14.Whilethatmaybe,thefactremainsthattheU.S.Congressmayaddressalabelingbillofitsownlaterthisyear,andsomeprivategroupsarethreateninglawsuitstoforcetheissue.(事情可能會(huì)是這么，但事實(shí)還是美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)今年晚些時(shí)候會(huì)制訂他們自己商標(biāo)法案，而一些私人團(tuán)體正在威脅要訴諸法律迫使制訂這條法案。)Address:thinkaboutandbegintodealwithanissueorproblem.

e.g.Afundamentalproblemhasstilltobeaddressed.14.address:speakto(apersonoranassembly),typicallyinaformalway（多指正式）對(duì)…講話，致詞sheaddressedtheopen-airmeeting.她在一露天集會(huì)上致詞?！?addresssomeoneas)namesomeoneinthespecifiedwaywhentalkingtothem稱呼sheaddressedmyfatheras‘MrStevens’.他稱我父親為史蒂文斯先生?！?addresssomethingto)sayorwriteremarksoraprotestto訴說(shuō)，書面提交addressyourcomplaintstotheTradingStandardsBoard.向貿(mào)易標(biāo)準(zhǔn)委員會(huì)提交你投訴。thinkaboutandbegintodealwith(anissueorproblem)考慮處理（問(wèn)題）afundamentalproblemhasstilltobeaddressed.還有一個(gè)基本問(wèn)題要處理15."ThefarmersinFranceareright,"observesDennisDemocratfromCleveland,Ohio,whostumbledacrosstheGM-foodissuethisyear,andisturningitintosomethingofacause.(俄亥俄州克利夫蘭丹尼絲·德莫克利特說(shuō)，“法國(guó)農(nóng)民是正確，沒(méi)有什么比食物跟人類關(guān)系更親密。”他今年碰到了轉(zhuǎn)基因食物這件事，正把它當(dāng)成一件事業(yè)來(lái)做。)Stumbleacross/on/upon:findorencounterbychance.

e.g.Apolicehadstumbledacrossagangofyouths.16.outcry:anexclamationorshout喊叫，呼號(hào)，吶喊anoutcryofspontaneouspassion.不由自主地發(fā)出充滿激情呼叫。■astrongexpressionofpublicdisapprovaloranger大聲疾呼；強(qiáng)烈抗議強(qiáng)烈抗議[反對(duì)](against);強(qiáng)烈要求(for)thepublicoutcryoverthebombing.公眾對(duì)轟炸強(qiáng)烈抗議。17.portend:[withobj.]beasignorwarningthat(something,especiallysomethingmomentous【重大】orcalamitous【災(zāi)難】)islikelytohappen預(yù)示（重大或?yàn)?zāi)難事件）可能發(fā)生theeclipsesportendsomemajorevents.日食月食預(yù)示一些重大事件可能發(fā)生。18.Monsanto,whichproducesthehugelypopularherbicideRoundup,hasmadejustasbigahitwithitslineofgeneticallymodifiedcropsthatareimmunetotheRounduppoison(蒙生特企業(yè)生產(chǎn)了頗受大眾歡迎除草劑Roundup，他們轉(zhuǎn)基因作物生產(chǎn)線也非常轟動(dòng)。因?yàn)檫@種轉(zhuǎn)基因作物對(duì)Roundup毒有免疫作用)Makeahit:bepopularorsuccessful

e.g.Yvide(aservice)給予，提供（服務(wù)）moneyservesasarewardforservicesrendered.錢用作對(duì)所提供服務(wù)一個(gè)酬勞?！鰃ive(help)援助MrsEvanswouldrenderassistancetothoseshethoughtwereinrealneed.埃文斯夫人愿意援助那些她認(rèn)為確實(shí)需要幫助人?！鰏ubmitorpresentforinspectionorconsideration（供審查，考慮）提交，呈報(bào)hewouldrenderincometaxreturnsattheendoftheyear.

他會(huì)在年末提交應(yīng)納所得稅申報(bào)書?！?poetic/literary)handover(詩(shī)／文)交出，獻(xiàn)出hewillrenderuphisimmortalsoul.他將獻(xiàn)出他那不滅靈魂?！鰀eliver(averdictorjudgement)作出（裁決，宣判）thejury'sfindingamountedtotheclearestverdictyetrendereduponthescandal.陪審團(tuán)裁決是迄今為止對(duì)這丑聞作出最清楚結(jié)論。[withobj.andcomplement]causetobeorbecome;make使成為；使得therainsrenderedhisescapeimpossible.下雨使他無(wú)法逃跑。20.scrap:(scrapped,scrapping)[withobj.](常作bescrapped)discardorremovefromservice(aredundant,old,orinoperativevehicle,vessel,ormachine),especiallysoastoconvertittoscrapmetal丟掉；報(bào)廢；廢棄abolddecisionwastakentoscrapexistingplant.作出了一個(gè)大膽決定，報(bào)廢現(xiàn)有工廠?！鯽bolishorcancel(something,especiallyaplan,policy,orlaw)whichisnowregardedasunnecessary,unwanted,orunsuitable廢除；取消（計(jì)劃，政策，法律）thechairmanscrappedplanstobuythestadiumhimself.主席取消了親自去購(gòu)置體育場(chǎng)計(jì)劃。語(yǔ)源noun.asmallpieceoramountofsomething,especiallyonethatisleftoverafterthegreaterparthasbeenused碎片，小塊；少許Iscribbledheraddressonascrapofpaper.我在一小片紙上記下她地址。scrapsofinformation.零碎信息。■(scraps)bitsofuneatenfoodleftafterameal,especiallywhenfedtoanimals剩飯菜；泔腳hefilledSammy'sbowlswithfreshwaterandscraps.他把薩米碗裝滿清水和剩飯剩菜。strain:abreed,stock,orvarietyofananimalorplantdevelopedbybreeding（動(dòng)、植物）系，品系；品種，種類■anaturalorculturedvarietyofamicro-organismwithadistinctform,biochemistry,orvirulence（微生物）（菌）株，（菌）系；品種；類型aparticulartendencyaspartofaperson'scharacter品質(zhì)，氣質(zhì)；生性，生性特點(diǎn)therewasapowerfulstrainofinsanityonhermother'ssideofthefamily.在她母親家族方面有很強(qiáng)精神病遺傳特征。■avarietyofaparticularabstractthing（抽象東西）種，類，類型astrainoffeministthought.一個(gè)女權(quán)主義思想。Verb[withobj.]force(apartofone'sbodyoroneself)tomakeastrenuousorunusuallygreateffort竭盡全力，使（身體部位）充分發(fā)揮功效Istoppedandlistened,strainingmyearsforanysound.我停下來(lái)聽(tīng)，豎起耳朵傾聽(tīng)任何聲響?！鰅njure(alimb,muscle,ororgan)byoverexertingitortwistingitawkwardly（因過(guò)勞而）扭傷，損傷（四肢，肌肉，器官）oncolddaysyouaremorelikelytostrainamuscle.在嚴(yán)寒日子更輕易拉傷肌肉?！鯷noobj.]makeastrenuousandcontinuouseffort盡力，努力，使勁hisvoicewassoquietthatIhadtostraintohearit.21.jumpy:(jumpier,jumpiest)(informal)(ofaperson)anxiousanduneasy(非正式)（人）焦慮不安，膽戰(zhàn)心驚hewastiredandjumpy.他疲憊不堪，焦慮不安?！鯿haracterizedbyabruptstopsandstartsoranirregularcourse跳動(dòng)ajumpypulse.22.contaminateverb[withobj.](常作becontaminated)make(something)impurebyexposuretooradditionofapoisonousorpollutingsubstance使不純；污染；弄臟；毒害thesitewasfoundtobecontaminatedbyradioactivity(核輻射).發(fā)覺(jué)此地受放射性污染。theentertainmentindustryisabletocontaminatethemindofthepublic.娛樂(lè)業(yè)能毒害公眾思想。[asadj.contaminated]contaminatedbloodproducts.受污染血液制品。23.fussy:(fussier,fussiest)(ofaperson)fastidiousaboutone'sneedsorrequirements;hardtoplease（人）愛(ài)挑剔；難取悅heisveryfussyaboutwhatheeats.他對(duì)于吃非常挑剔?！鰏howingexcessiveoranxiousconcernaboutdetail對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)過(guò)分重視（或尤其擔(dān)憂）Eleanorpattedherhairwithquick,fussymovements.埃莉諾快速地、小心翼翼地輕拍頭發(fā)?！鰂ullofunnecessarydetailordecoration過(guò)分考究，過(guò)分裝飾Ihatefussyclothes.我討厭花里胡哨衣服。24.outlaw:[withobj.]ban;makeillegal禁止；取締secondarypicketinghasbeenoutlawed.設(shè)置第二糾察線做法已被宣告為違法。[asadj.outlawed]theoutlawedterroristgroup.被宣告為非法恐怖主義團(tuán)體?！?historical)deprive(someone)ofthebenefitandprotectionofthelaw(史)剝奪…法律權(quán)益和保護(hù)，剝奪…公民權(quán)派生25.catfight:(informal)afightbetweenwomen(非正式)女人和女人之間斗毆，女人打架26.vengeance[massnoun]punishmentinflictedorretributionexactedforaninjuryorwrong報(bào)仇，復(fù)仇，報(bào)復(fù)27.spinsomethingoff(ofaparentcompany)turnasubsidiaryintoanewandseparatecompany（母企業(yè)）將子企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)化為獨(dú)立新企業(yè)28.perch:[noobj.,withadverbialofplace](ofabird)alightorrestonsomething（鳥）飛落，棲息aherringgullperchedontherailsformostofthecrossing.一只銀鷗在橫渡大部分時(shí)間都待在護(hù)欄上。■(beperched)(ofabuilding)besituatedaboveorontheedgeofsomething.（建筑物）坐落于…上方（或邊緣）thefortressisperchedonacraginthemountains.那堡壘坐落在群山中一個(gè)懸崖上。■[withobj.](perchsomeone/thingon)setorbalancesomeoneorsomethingon(something).把…平穩(wěn)置于；使坐落于

Peterperchedapairofgold-rimmedspectaclesonhisnose.彼得鼻梁上架著一副金絲邊眼鏡。29.mire:astretchofswampyorboggyground泥潭；沼澤；泥沼■[massnoun]softandslushymudordirt爛泥，污泥，淤泥■(figurative)asituationorstateofdifficulty,distress,orembarrassmentfromwhichitishardtoextricateoneself(喻)困境hehasbeenlefttosquirminamireofnewallegations.他陷入再次受指控困境?！?Ecology)awetlandareaorecosystembasedonpeat(生態(tài))沼澤；泥炭生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Verb:[withobj.](普通作bemired)causetobecomestuckinmud使陷入泥坑sometimesaheavytruckgetsmireddown.有些時(shí)候重載卡車會(huì)陷入泥坑?！鯿overorspatterwithmud用污泥覆蓋；使濺滿污泥■(figurative)(miresomeone/thingin)involvesomeoneorsomethingin(difficulties)使陷入（困境）；使受困擾theeconomyismiredinitslongestrecessionsincethesecondworldwar.經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入二戰(zhàn)以來(lái)最長(zhǎng)衰退期。30.wadein:[noobj.,withadverbial]walkthroughwateroranotherliquidorsoftsubstance蹚水（或其它液體、軟物質(zhì)）艱難行走；涉，跋涉intheabsenceofanyjettywewadedashore.沒(méi)有碼頭，我們蹚水上岸?！鯷withobj.]walkthrough(somethingfilledwithwater)涉過(guò)，蹚過(guò)（有水處）Ihadwadedditchesinsteadofattemptingtofindeasiercrossingplaces.我蹚過(guò)水溝，而不是試圖尋找更輕易穿越地方?！?wadethrough)readlaboriouslythrough(alongpieceofwriting)辛勞地讀完（長(zhǎng)篇作品）(wadein)(informal)makeavigorousattackorintervention(非正式)猛烈攻擊（或干涉）Nicolawadedinandgra